scholarly journals TO THE QUESTION OF THE STATUS OF THE REPRESENTATIVE COMPONENTS OF THE WORDS IN THE ASPECT OF CONTEXTUAL SEMANTICS

Kavkaz-forum ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Л.Б. МОРГОЕВА ◽  
И.Н. ЦАЛЛАГОВА
Keyword(s):  
Component Composition ◽  
Word Formation ◽  
Semantic Features ◽  
Lexical Meaning ◽  
Emotional Appraisal ◽  
The Status ◽  
Lexical Composition ◽  
Independent Functioning ◽  
Complex Words ◽  
Special Studies

В работе рассматриваются препозиционные словообразовательные элементы, склонные к самостоятельному лексическому значению и обнаруживающие формально-грамматические пересечения с некоторыми морфологическими классами в осетинском языке. Тесная морфолого-синтаксическая связь слов становится мотивирующим признаком при образовании новых лексических образований, статус которых требует специальных исследований и определения их компонентного состава. Лексический состав современного осетинского языка в обеих его диалектных формах содержит изрядное количество сложных слов с одинаковыми начальными компонентами, обнаруживающих частичную утрату собственного лексического значения и потому не способных отвечать требованиям композитного образования. Анализ таких препозиционных элементов, не имеющих до сих пор однозначно определенного статуса, показал их способность к функционированию в составе слова в качестве полноценных префиксов, поскольку их семантическое значение сводится к указанию направления или местоположения объектов по отношению друг к другу. Их усеченная форма, стремительная утрата собственной семантики и словообразовательная активность способствуют укреплению их префиксального статуса. Прогнозируемая востребованность этих препозиционных единиц связана с развитием публицистического и официально-делового стилей осетинского языка. Препозиционные элементы, выступающие в качестве эмоционально-оценочных интенсификаторов мотивирующего компонента в составе лексического образования, нами классифицируются как префиксоиды. Сохраняя собственное лексическое значение при самостоятельном функционировании, такие элементы активизируют коннотативные смыслы того слова, с которым вступают в словообразовательные отношения. Семантические особенности, которыми способны наделять слово выявленные префиксоиды, ограничивают сферу употребления в рамках тех стилевых раз­новидностей, в которых предполагается образность и эмоциональная оценочность. The paper considers prepositional word-formation elements, prone to independent lexical meaning and revealing formal-grammatical intersections with some morphological classes in the Ossetian language. The close morphological and syntactic connection of words becomes a motivating sign in the formation of new lexical formations, the status of which requires special studies and determination of their component composition. The lexical composition of the modern Ossetian language in both its dialect forms contains a fair amount of complex words with the same initial components, revealing a partial loss of their own lexical meaning and therefore not able to meet the requirements of composite education. An analysis of such prepositional elements, which still do not have a uniquely defined status, showed their ability to function as part of a word as full-fledged prefixes, since their semantic meaning reduces to indicating the direction or location of objects with respect to each other. Their truncated form, the rapid loss of their own semantics and word-formation activity contribute to the strengthening of their prefix status. The predicted demand for these prepositional units is associated with the development of the journalistic and official business styles of the Ossetian language. Prepositional elements, acting as emotional-evaluative intensifiers of the motivating component in the lexical education, we classify as prefixoids. Preserving their own lexical meaning during independent functioning, such elements activate the connotative meanings of the word with which they enter into word-formation relations. The semantic features that the identified prefixoids are able to endow with the word limit the scope of use within the framework of those stylistic varieties in which imagery and emotional appraisal are assumed.

scholarly journals FUNCTIONAL AND SEMANTIC FEATURES OF COMPOSITES IN THE DIGOR DIALECT OF THE OSSETIAN LANGUAGE

Kavkaz-forum ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 31-40
Author(s):  
И.Н. Цаллагова
Keyword(s):  
Composite Structures ◽  
Morphological Structure ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Word Formation ◽  
Speech Analysis ◽  
Semantic Structure ◽  
Semantic Features ◽  
Lexical Meaning ◽  
Part Of Speech ◽  
Complex Words

Образование композитов происходит путем сложения не просто корней или основ, а слов, каждое из которых имеет свое лексическое значение. Семантическая структура композита основывается на лексических значениях составляющих его компонентов. В ходе словообразовательного акта происходит грамматическое и семантическое сращение двух слов. Однако выбор той или иной лексемы в качестве компонента композита для наименования того или иного предмета, процесса или признака не может быть случайным, иначе говоря, компоненты композитов обладают определенным типом сочетаемости. Следует отметить, что вопросы, связанные с семантической структурой сложных слов, чрезвычайно актуальны в современной лингвистике. Это обусловлено тем, что композитное образование представляет собой отражение ассоциативного мышления человека. Семантическая структура композитных конструкций определяется мотивированностью лексических единиц, участвующих в их образовании. Лексическое значение композита формируется исходя из семантики образующих его лексем, однако, оно имеет свойство выходить за рамки суммы значений компонентов. Целью данного исследования является функциональный анализ компонентов, участвующих в образовании композитов в дигорском диалекте осетинского языка. Комплексный подход к исследуемому материалу обусловил необходимость использования таких методов, как: описательный, сравнительно-сопоставительный, компонентный, статистический. В данной статье рассмотрена морфологическая структура сложных существительных в дигорском диалекте осетинского языка; выявлены основные словообразовательные модели сложных существительных, проведен их частеречный анализ; определена типология отношений между компонентами с учетом степени продуктивности; рассмотрены вопросы, связанные с семантической структурой сложных слов. The formation of composites implies not only uniting roots or stems, but words as well, each of which has its own lexical meaning. The semantic structure of a composite is based on the lexical meanings of its constituent components. In the course of the word-formation act, the grammatical and semantic fusion of two words occurs. However, the choice of one or another lexeme as a component of a composite for the name of a particular object, process, or feature cannot be accidental, in other words, the components of composites have a certain type of compatibility.It should be noted that issues related to the semantic structure of complex words are extremely relevant in modern linguistics. This is due to the fact that formation of compositesis reflection of a person's associative thinking. The semantic structure of composite structures is determined by the motivation of the lexical units involved in their formation. The lexical meaning of a composite is formed on the basis of the semantics of the lexemes that form it, however, it tends to go beyond the sum of the values ​​of the components. The purpose of this study is a functional analysis of the components involved in the formation of composites in the Digor dialect of the Ossetian language.An integrated approach to the material under study necessitated the use of methods such as: descriptive, comparative, component, statistical. This article examines the morphological structure of complex nouns in the Digor dialect of the Ossetian language; the main word-formation models of complex nouns are revealed, their part-of-speech analysis is carried out; the typology of relations between the components isdefined, taking into account the degree of productivity; the issues related to the semantic structure of complex words are considered.

scholarly journals Latin clinical veterinary terminology: word-formation, lexical-semantic and syntactic aspects

2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (86) ◽  
pp. 161-166 ◽  
Author(s):  
I.V. Karbovnik
Keyword(s):  
Veterinary Medicine ◽  
Surgical Techniques ◽  
Word Formation ◽  
Semantic Features ◽  
Functional Changes ◽  
Lexical Semantic ◽  
Building Models ◽  
The Status ◽  
Clinical Terminology ◽  
Terminology System

The article is devoted to the research of the Latin medical-veterinary clinical terminology system – one of the subsystems of general medical-veterinary terminology. The ways of formation of the Latin Sublanguage of clinical veterinary medicine are analyzed, sources of its replenishment are determined; It was discovered that most of the terms are composed using terms of Greek-Latin origin, which is a decisive trend in the development of the terminology of veterinary medicine and in our time.It is investigated that for the modern terminological word formation of clinical veterinary vocabulary all main methods are typical, by means of which the vocabulary of the veterinary doctor is replenished: semantical, syntactical, morphological. In the article a word-formation, lexical-semantic and syntactical analysis of the Latin clinical veterinary terminology was made for the first time; the main word-building models are described, the derivation processes, word-formation fortresses of the Latin clinical veterinary terms are described and the complex of methods of their word-formation are analyzed;defined the status and semantic characteristics of formants– components of the term; the lexical-semantic features of the studied terminology are revealed; attention was paid to etymology, the phenomenon of derivation and the most productive affixes and term elements in the structure of one-word clinical veterinary terms.The systematization of term elements according to thematic groups that are in a certain lexical-semantic relationship is carried out, namely: termelements, which denote the names of sciences, treatment, methods of diagnostic examination, surgical techniques; word-formation elements for the designation of organs of animals and tissues; therapeutic methods, names of pathological changes of organs and tissues; term elements that denote various physical properties, quality, color, size; word-formation elements to denote functional changes, processes, and states.The attention is paid to the morphological and syntactical structure of single, dual, and verbose clinical terms with different types of definitions. We consider one of the most important tasks of modern linguistics - not only to fix, study and analyze lexical-semantic innovation processes in terminology, but also codify the terminology system itself. Therefore, one of the priority directions of terminological work in the field of veterinary medicine at the present stage is the normalization of clinical terminology, that is, the revision of the terminology system in accordance with the conceptual basis and norms of the Latin and Ukrainian scientific languages. As the most important aspect, we consider the development of a single concept of terminology, which uses the experience and positive achievements of scientists of different generations.Provision of linguistic normative terms should take place at all levels – both conceptual and actual language – phonetic, orthoepic, spelling, lexical-semantic, word-building, morphological, syntactical.

scholarly journals Medical terms with components hepat-, hepatic(o)-hepat(o)- and liver in modern Ukrainian language

2017 ◽  
pp. 124-129
Author(s):  
Halyna Hermanovych
Keyword(s):  
Word Formation ◽  
Alternative Methods ◽  
Semantic Features ◽  
Medical Terminology ◽  
Grammatical Structure ◽  
Lexical Meaning ◽  
Loan Words ◽  
Medical Terms ◽  
Foreign Origin ◽  
Lexical Items

Ukrainian medical terms-composites with international components hepat-, hepatic(o)-, hepat(o)- and Ukrainian equivalent liver have been studied in the article. The problem of their interchange has been brought up. It has been defined their productivity and word formation mobility. The outlook of the article is that the terms with somatic components need further studying their productivity and mobility. One of the biggest Ukrainian term systems is medical terminology. Its development has been caused by granting the Ukrainian language official status. The question of use of a term continue to be relevant today because medical terminology has not been studied enough as medical practice shows, for this reason physicians, scientists are trying to regiment and improve medical dictionaries, appealing for a help to linguists. General issues of formation of medical terms were and are important because most of them are loan words usually come from the Latin and Greek languages. The basis for professional language of a medical worker is a use of professional terms of a high level of standardization, accuracy of formations, relevance and logic presentation. Medical lexis is one of the oldest term systems. It was formed both on the world and own language basis. Development and improvement of medical terminology can be observed through scientific papers, professional textbooks, and medical dictionaries. The aim of the article: to characterize Ukrainian medical terms with somatic components hepat-, hepatic(o)-, hepat(o)- and Ukrainian equivalent liver according to semantic groups and relations; to identify their word formation mobility in the modern Ukrainian literary language. The object of research – medical terms with somatic components. The subject of research – their lexical and semantic features, peculiarities of terms with borrowing and national components. The material was taken from: “Dorlan’d Illustrated Medical Dictionary” (2007), “Ukrainian-Latin-English Explanatory Dictionary” edited by M.Pavlovskyi, L.Petruh, I.Holovko (1995), “Explanatory Dictionary of Medical terms” edited by N. Lytvynenko, N.Misnyk (2010), “New Dictionary of Loan Words” edited by L.Shevchenko, O.Niky, O.Khomyak, A.Demyanyuk (2008) and “ Dictionary of foreign words” by P.Shtep (1977). Urgency of the research of terms with somatic components has been caused by the need to establish the specificity of somatic symbols and term composites and identify lexical and syntactic features words of such components. It is necessary to note that at the modern stage in the Ukrainian medical language there are medical terms that are made up of international term elements of Greek or Latin origin, as well as Ukrainian origin. Lexical items with somatic components exist only in the medical field. Somatic international components include: cardi(o)-, hema(o)-, hemat(o)-, ot(o)-, ophtalm(o), psych(o)-, hepat(o)-, hepatic(o)- and others. In the Ukrainian language such correspondent terms are: heart, blood, ear, eye, head, liver and others. Among the somatic components one can meet such archaisms as: mouth, forehead, finger. Thus, words of the somatic components hepat-, hepatic(o)-, hepat(o)- and Ukrainian equivalent liver indicate: processes; names of diseases; belonging to the liver or action on it; people by profession, people; names of science; cell, classes. Studied terms mainly correspond to these features because they are relevant to the concepts they indicate; also they are included into medical terminology, have clear definitions in the dictionary, they are stylistically neutral, but some of them do not meet monosemy (polysemy of such lexical terms are given) and synonymy (synonyms are given both for words of foreign origin and their Ukrainian equivalents). This can be explained by the fact that these requirements are desirable rather than real. Foreign language terms always look for equivalents among national lexical items. And polysemy shows the development of speech-term, but over time one of the definitions can get a new nomination. Components hepat-, hepatic(o)-, hepat(o)- can not be combined directly with Ukrainian word stems and roots. Most components are components of foreign origin with particular lexical meaning which is preserved wholly or partly in derivative words. Words with hepat-, hepatic(o)-, hepat(o)- and liver are not interchangeable. Samolysova A. and A. Nikolaev noted that “professional terminology should be unified and brought up to a user in a form that would require the least effort to use.” Medicine does not stay still, new methods of diagnosing diseases, alternative methods of treatment appear, so a need arises in formation of new terms, and unification of their grammatical structure. Medical terminology is a common goal both and medical workers and linguists. Let’s work on creating a generalized medical nomenclature.

Inheritance and motivation in Construction Morphology

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Geert Booij
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
Abstract Word ◽  
Word Formation ◽  
Basic Question ◽  
Hierarchical Network ◽  
Construction Morphology ◽  
The Status ◽  
Hierarchical Lexicon ◽  
Complex Words

The basic question to be addressed in this chapter is: what is the status of the notions ‘inheritance’ and ‘default inheritance’ in the theoretical framework of Construction Morphology (CM)? This framework, developed in Booij (2010), assumes a hierarchical lexicon with both abstract morphological schemas and stored complex words that instantiate these schemas. The lexicon of a language can be modelled in such a way that the abstract word formation schemas dominate their individual instantiations. Thus, the lexicon is partially conceived of as a hierarchical network in which lower nodes, the existing complex words, can be assumed to inherit information from dominating higher nodes. Advantages of a full-entry theory over an impoverished entry theory are outlined, and the chapter includes discussion of polysemy, allomorphy, and the class of items that fall between derivatives and compounds using ‘affixoids’.

scholarly journals LINGUISTIC FEATURES OF BUSINESS ENGLISH DISCOURSE THESAURUS

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (21) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nataliia V. Zinukova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Word Formation ◽  
Professional Activity ◽  
Specific Situation ◽  
Business English ◽  
Linguistic Features ◽  
Continuous Sampling ◽  
Business Discourse ◽  
Modern Business ◽  
Lexical Composition ◽  
Complex Words

In this article the features of Business English discourse thesaurus have been analyzed. Knowledge of institutional Business English discourse, which is a sign of translators� activity, is one of the mandatory qualification characteristics of the translator�s language personality in general and the interpreter in particular. Taking into account the specifics of the translator�s professional activity, the peculiarities of Business English discourse thesaurus, including words in their direct nominative meaning, and words with terminological meaning, are determined as well as the features of word-forming model (affixation, word-formation, conversion, reduction, synonymy), frequently used phraseological units that carry certain information about national peculiarities of the worldview of native speakers; metaphorical units and emphatic constructions. Based on the continuous sampling method (to identify lexical units of institutional Business English discourse for further analysis), the method of dictionary definitions (to study the semantics of lexical units), contrastive method (to establish common and distinctive features for translation) and descriptive method (to identify and systematization of features and difficulties of translation of lexical units of Business English discourse) the features of functioning of Business English discourse thesaurus are analyzed. The peculiarities of business discourse include stability and standardization due to the scope of its application between people, institutions and states. Since business discourse is characterized by strict accuracy, objectivity, specificity, conciseness, lack of imagery and emotionality, the choice of language means for it will be determined by the same features, because in the business style, the content should exclude ambiguity and the possibility of ambiguity. Despite the differences in content and variety of genres, business discourse in general is characterized by a number of common features, in particular: brevity, compactness of presentation, economical use of language; standard arrangement of material, often mandatory to use the inherent cliches of this style; extensive use of terminology, nomenclature names, the presence of a special layer of vocabulary and phraseology, the introduction of complex words and abbreviations. One main characteristic feature of the lexical composition of business discourse are terms. In addition to terms, there are common and special kinds of vocabulary (words and phrases that do not have the property of the term to identify concepts and objects in a particular field, but used exclusively in this field of communication) at the lexical level in each of the types of institutional Business English discourse. Special vocabulary can include both word-derived words and a number of commonly used words that function in the fixed phrases, thus being considered specialized. Another feature of Business English discourse, manifested at the morphological level, is the wordformation model of business language based on business terminology, which reveals four main ways of morphological word formation: affixation, word formation, conversion, abbreviations (lexical and graphic) and synonymy as a semantic phenomenon. Business English discourse, both oral and written, is characterized by a fairly high degree of idiomaticity, which really is a difficulty for translators working in the foreign economic field. Linguistic material of modern Business English discourse, which distinguishes it from other types of discourses, are precedent metaphors (precedent names, precedent utterances, precedent texts, precedent phenomena). They add a lively and figurative character to the business language, not depriving business discourse of accuracy, but increasing its pragmatic influence, due to their authenticity and high associative potential. In Business English oral discourse emphatic constructions (emphasis often occurs in the form of an inversion or emphatic construction with the previous It) are widely used to emphasize and give an emotionally expressive character to the utterance. Inversion can be conveyed syntactically (sentence reconstruction) and lexically (using various reinforcing words, such as �only�, �very�, �enough�, �too much�), grammatical constructions with It, which stands at the beginning of the sentence, constructions with the so-called Condensed Relative with the relative pronoun what in contracted subject or additional sentences. The most common cases are the presence in sentences of negative emphatic constructions with �no� before nouns. It is established that the success of each specific situation of intercultural business communication directly depends on the translator�s ability to correctly interpret the meaning of expression in the process of his professional activity.

scholarly journals ON THE PROBLEM OF COMPOSITE WORD FORMATION IN THE MODERN OSSETIAN LANGUAGE (ON THE BASIS OF THE LANGUAGE MATERIALS OF DIGOR DIALECT)

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
И.Н. Цаллагова
Keyword(s):  
Structural Characteristics ◽  
Word Formation ◽  
Semantic Relationship ◽  
Compound Words ◽  
Close Attention ◽  
Word Combination ◽  
The Status ◽  
Selection Principles ◽  
Complex Words ◽  
Theoretical Issues

В статье рассматриваются вопросы композитного словообразования в осетинском языке. Пристальный интерес специалистов к образованию сложных слов в языке, особенно в дигорском диалекте, автор объясняет его слабой изученностью в лингвистической науке. На сегодняшний день в осетинском языке обнаруживается значительное количество сложных образований, статус которых до сих пор не определен. Это приводит к некоторым сложностям при составлении учебных пособий и словарей осетинского языка. Дело в том, что семантическое слияние двух и более основ в одно целое не всегда сопровождается какими-либо изменениями грамматических форм слов, которые ранее были словосочетаниями. В связи с тем, что в осетинском языкознании недостаточно разработаны теоретические вопросы композитного словообразования, множество конструкций не поддается окончательному определению и сохраняет как бы промежуточное положение между сложными словами и словосочетаниями; одна и та же конструкция тяготеет одними признаками к сложному слову, другими – к словосочетанию. В представленном исследовании рассмотрена проблема идентификации композита, которая тесно связана с проблемами орфографирования и лексикографирования данных языковых образований: непоследовательностью в правописании разных типов сложных слов, отсутствием единых принципов отбора и подачи их в словарях. В статье рассмотрены вопросы типологии композитов в осетинском языке, которые отличаются разнообразием как по характеру семантических взаимоотношений между компонентами конструкции, так и по своим формально-структурным характеристикам. Composites have been and remain the object of close attention of linguists. Compounding in the Ossetian language, especially in the Digor dialect, is one of the least studied problems. Meanwhile, in the Ossetian language today there are a significant number of complex entities, the status of which has not yet been determined. This leads to certain difficulties in the compilation of textbooks and dictionaries of the Ossetian language. This is due to the fact that the semantic fusion of two or more bases into one whole is not always accompanied by any changes in the grammatical forms of the words that make up the phrase. Due to the fact that the theoretical issues of composite word-formation are not sufficiently developed in Ossetian linguistics, many constructions do not lend themselves to definitive definition and occupy an intermediate position between compound words and phrases, acquiring some characteristics of a word combination and retaining some features of a compound word. This study addresses the problem of identifying a composite, which is closely related to the problems of spelling and lexicography of these language formations - inconsistency in the spelling of various types of complex words, the lack of uniform selection principles and their presentation in dictionaries. The questions of the typology of composites in the Ossetian language, which are distinguished by a variety of both the nature of the semantic relationship between the components of the structure and their formal and structural characteristics, are considered.

Concept of “tash” (stone) in the Karachay-Balkar language picture of the world

2021 ◽  
pp. 239-251
Author(s):  
M. A. Akhmatova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Group ◽  
Semantic Features ◽  
Place Names ◽  
Ethnic Culture ◽  
Cognitive Characteristics ◽  
The Everyday ◽  
The World ◽  
The Status ◽  
Everyday Realities ◽  
Complex Words

This paper focuses on a multi-aspect study of the concept of “tash” (stone) in the KarachayBalkar language picture of the world. The analysis of the available factual material has shown that for Karachays and Balkars, “tash” is quite an important component of the ethnic culture and reflects one of the relevant segments of the naive national picture of the world, encoded in the Karachay-Balkar literature and works of folklore. This fact is also due to significant functional and semantic features of the “tash” lexeme in the Karachay-Balkar language. This word serves as the basis for the formation of a large number of complex words and phrases, giving rise to the corpus of nominations of objects of the surrounding reality: place names, various rocks, etc. In addition, the word under consideration is highly productive in the sphere of terminology associated primarily with the everyday realities of the Karachay-Balkar ethnic group. “Tash” and related concepts are represented in the phraseological fund of the Karachay-Balkar language and paroemias reflecting various anthropomorphic features, in particular: characteristics, properties, actions, states, etc. The concept under consideration has such cognitive characteristics as support, solidity, eternity, life, death, and others and represents the status and the character of a person. Also, the concept of “tash” is realized in the texts of Karachay-Balkar folklore, myths, and in the works of Karachay-Balkar writers and poets, confirming its relevance for the linguistic consciousness of the Karachay-Balkar ethnic group.

scholarly journals Patterns of semantics forming for the -out component 
in verb-adverbial compounds

2021 ◽  
pp. 56-66
Author(s):  
Oksana V.  Koryazhkina ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Native Speaker ◽  
Word Formation ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Semantic Structure ◽  
Semantic Features ◽  
Mechanism Of Formation ◽  
Semantic Approach ◽  
Lexical Meaning ◽  
General Semantic ◽  
Contextual Meaning

Despite the fact that the issues of word-formation semantics were widely covered, not enough attention was paid to possible differences in the nature of the derived word at the level of the system language and speech. In this article, the issues of derivation are considered from the cognitive point of view on the example of the mechanism of formation of the actual meanings of the component -out in verb-adverbial compounds The aim of the study is to present the lexical meaning of the satellite -out not as a list of lexico-semantic variants, as is customary in the traditional semantic approach, but as a cluster of the most general semantic features necessary for understanding the speech context. The analysis shows that behind the entire semantic structure of the adverbial component -out is the invariant «beyond the limits of a container», as a set of the most stable semantic features that are fixed in the language consciousness of a native speaker and in one of their configurations participate in the process of decoding a specific contextual meaning in accordance with the intuition of the average native speaker. This cluster of features is the system meaning of the word. It corresponds to the verbalized concept, not given directly, but only inferred from the processes of speech on the basis of the word form and in terms of the conditions of consituations.

STRUCTURAL AND SEMANTIC CHARACTERISTICS OF THE NAMES AND DESCRIPTIONS OF DISHES IN GERMAN RESTAURANT DISCOURSE

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 96-119
Author(s):  
Nadezhda G. KANTYSHEVA ◽  
Inna V. Solovyova
Keyword(s):  
Discourse Analysis ◽  
Semantic Features ◽  
Institutional Discourse ◽  
The World ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Complex Words ◽  
First Time ◽  
Comprehensive Study

This article is devoted to a comprehensive study of the structural and semantic features of dish names and their descriptions in German in the field of restaurant discourse. The study employs cognitive discourse analysis, elements of comparative and contextological approaches, taking into account linguocultural parameters. The relevance of the comprehensive study of the names of dishes in restaurant discourse is due to an increased interest in the parameterization of lexical units in different types of institutional discourse. The scientific novelty of this work lies in the fact that for the first time, within the framework of a restaurant menu, not only the nomination of a dish is considered, but also the structural and semantic characteristics of its description are analysed. An attempt is made to analyse a connection between the nominations of dishes and their description in the restaurant menu, as well as to determine the semantic dominants of the genre under study. It is concluded that the text of the menu as a whole presents a combination of the language for special purposes and the language of advertising. In interaction with extralinguistic factors, the nominations of dishes and their descriptions not only document the culture of food in society, but also reflect the ethnocultural picture of the world. Based on the analysis of the menu texts, it is established that structurally the names of dishes are complex words or phrases, built mainly according to the attributive model. The description of dishes performs the function of verbalizing the sensations of taste and clarifying the method of preparing dishes, characterizing the quality of dishes, their ingredients, and the intensity of taste. Evaluative parameters in descriptions are expressed at the lexical, grammatical, syntactic and stylistic levels.

On the status of verbal aspect in Russian: A lexicographer’s view

2021 ◽  
pp. 99
Author(s):  
Elena Uryson
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Verbal Aspect ◽  
Lexical Meaning ◽  
The Status

The goal of the paper is to propose a new format of representation of Russian aspectual pairs in an explanatory dictionary. Two issues are being considered: the choice of the representative of an aspectual pair (i.e. the verb in a given pair which gets full lexicographic description in contrast to the other verb, which has just a reference to the former); and the representation of a polysemic aspectual pair. The proposed format satisfi es both the aspectological theory and modern requirements to explication of lexical meaning. New semantic arguments are formulated for understanding the nature (inflectional vs. derivational) of Russian verbal aspect.

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