scholarly journals Analysis of the Cases of Covid-19 and Environmental Health for 14 Municipalities of the UGRHIs Baixo Pardo/Grande and Pardo

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Danilo Rezende ◽  
Maria Eugênia Gonçalez Alvares ◽  
Katia Sakihama Ventura
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Environmental Health ◽  
Social Vulnerability ◽  
Environmental Parameters ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
National Average ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Fatality Rate ◽  
Health Indicator ◽  
Sanitary Conditions

Safety protocols emerged to minimize the spread of Covid-19 and are in force 20 months after the disease exists in Brazil. The occurrence of SARS-CoV2 can be analyzed by the local Environmental Health Indicator (ISA). The objective of this study was to analyze the mortality rate caused by Covid-19 about environmental and sanitary conditions in 14 municipalities in the state of São Paulo, located in the Baixo Pardo/Grande and Pardo UGRHIs. Data from covid-19 (total cases and deaths) were obtained by SEADE (2021) and research by Rezende (2021) and Alvares (2021) provided the ISA parameters. The municipalities were grouped by demographic density and those with up to 50 thousand inhabitants were selected. The fatality rate was obtained as the ratio of the number of deaths to the accumulated cases of Covid-19. Of the 14 selected municipalities, 57,1% met the research hypothesis (municipalities with higher ISA have a mortality rate at covid-19 below the national average) and seven of them are below 20 thousand inhabitants with mortality rates below 2,4 %. Studies based on data from Covid-19, socio-environmental parameters (schooling, income, age group) and social vulnerability conditions can contribute to a better interpretation of environmental health in the pandemic.

scholarly journals Transport accident mortality in Chile: trends from 2000 to 2012

2016 ◽  
Vol 21 (12) ◽  
pp. 3711-3718 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tamara Otzen ◽  
Antonio Sanhueza ◽  
Carlos Manterola ◽  
Monica Hetz ◽  
Tamara Melnik
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Annual Percentage Change ◽  
Population Based Study ◽  
Southern Zone ◽  
Relative Risks ◽  
Transport Accidents

Abstract The aim of this study is to describe the trends of transport accident mortality in Chile from 2000 to 2012 by year, geographic distribution, gender, age group, and type of accident. Population-based study. Data for transport accident mortality in Chile between 2000 and 2012 were used. The crude and adjusted per region transport accident mortality rates were calculated per 100,000 inhabitants. The annual percentage change (APC) of the rates and relative risks (RR) were calculated. The average transport accident mortality rate (TAMR) in Chile (2000-2012) was 12.2. The rates were greater in men (19.7) than in women (4.8), with a RR of 4.1. The rates were higher in the country's southern zone (15.9), increasing in recent years in the southern zone, with a significant positive APC in the northern and central zones. The Maule region had the highest rate (21.1), although Coquimbo was the region with the most significant APC (2.2%). The highest rate (20.3) was verified in the 25-40 age group. The highest rate (14.3) was recorded in 2008. The most frequent type of accident was pedestrian. In general the APC trends of the rates are increasing significantly. This, added to rapid annual automotive growth, will only exacerbate mortality due to transport accidents.

scholarly journals Temporal trends in female breast cancer mortality in a state in Legal Amazon

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽  
Author(s):  
J C S Oliveira ◽  
N D Galvão ◽  
B S N Souza ◽  
A M C S Andrade ◽  
J F Cabral ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Cancer Mortality ◽  
Breast Cancer Mortality ◽  
Temporal Trends ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Female Breast Cancer ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Mato Grosso ◽  
Annual Mortality

Abstract Background Breast cancer is the fifth most common cause of death from cancer in women worldwide. In Brazil, mortality rates are increasing. Therefore, the aim of this study is to analyze breast cancer mortality between 2000 and 2018 in Mato Grosso, a Brazilian state in Legal Amazon. Methods Ecological study analyzing temporal trends. Data were extracted from the Mortality Information System. The selected variables were: sex (female), cause of death (C-50, in the 10th revision of the International Classification of Diseases - ICD 10), age (less than 50 years-old, equal or older than 50 years-old) and year of death (2000-2018). Resident population data were obtained from the Ministry of Health's database (DATASUS) for calculation of breast cancer annual mortality rates. Temporal trends were estimated using linear regression. All analyses were done in the STATA 14.0. Results Between 2000 and 2018, 2,276 deaths from breast cancer were registered in women. Of these, 756 (33.2%) in the youngest age group and 1,520 (66.8%) in the oldest age group. A statistically significant increase in breast cancer mortality was found for both age groups (p < 0.001). In the annual mortality rates analysis, women in the youngest age group had the lowest rate in 2003 (1.98 deaths/100,000 women) and the highest rate in 2018 (7.88 deaths/100,000 women). The oldest age group had the lowest mortality rate in 2000 (21.48 death/100,000 women) and the highest rate in 2017 (47.09 deaths/100,000). The mean mortality rate was 5.69 for the youngest age group and 33.19 for the oldest age group. The annual percentage of change was 33.31 for the youngest group and 62.49 for the oldest group. Conclusions There is a statistically significant increase in female breast cancer mortality rate in Mato Grosso, one of the Brazilian states in Legal Amazon. It is imperative to invest in breast cancer screening to enable the reduction of the mortality rate of the disease. Key messages Our study presents information of breast cancer in a state from Legal Amazon that has increased death rates by the years 2000 to 2018. Besides breast cancer is relevant in Brazil, this is the first analysis from this specific data, potential to support improvement in disease control.

scholarly journals Hospitalization and Case Fatality in Individuals with Sickle Cell Disease and COVID-19 Infection

Blood ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 136 (Supplement 1) ◽  
pp. 7-8
Author(s):  
Lana Mucalo ◽  
Amanda M. Brandow ◽  
Sadie F. Mason ◽  
Ashima Singh ◽  
Bradley W. Taylor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Rate ◽  
General Population ◽  
Research Funding ◽  
Case Fatality Rate ◽  
Case Fatality ◽  
Black Population ◽  
Hospitalization Rate ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Fatality Rate ◽  
California Department

Sickle cell disease (SCD) is an inherited hemoglobinopathy that can affect nearly every organ system. Individuals living with SCD are at high risk of developing serious infections which can further trigger disease related complications and attribute additional morbidity and mortality. In light of the evolving pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2, the causative agent of COVID-19 disease, and the potential for future infectious disease epidemics, it is important to understand the impact that COVID-19 has on hospitalization rates and mortality in this medically vulnerable population. The objective of this study was to describe hospitalization and case fatality rates secondary to COVID-19 among individuals living with SCD in different age groups and compare these to the general population. The Medical College of Wisconsin established the international SECURE-SCD Registry to collect data on pediatric and adult COVID-19 infections in individuals living with SCD. Providers are instructed to report confirmed COVID-19 cases to the registry after sufficient time has passed to observe the disease course through resolution of acute illness and/or death. For each case, providers complete a short form that includes the following data: patient demographics, COVID-19 related hospitalization, COVID-19 severity/management strategies, if the patient died due to COVID, and other information about SCD complications. Data are de-identified and without protected health information to facilitate rapid and increased reporting. We calculated the hospitalization rate and case fatality rate for individuals with SCD by specific age group and contrasted it with the rates publicly available for the general Black population. We utilized data from California Department of Public Health for case fatality rate comparison in Blacks and data from COVID-NET for hospitalization rate comparison. We used indirect age adjustment to calculate standardized mortality ratios using COVID-19 data from California state as the reference population. As of July 17th 2020, 218 cases of COVID-19 in Blacks with SCD in the US were reported to the registry. There was a slight predominance of females (52.8%) and 32.1% of reported cases were patients 18 years and under. There were 15 deaths reported with overall mortality rate of 6.9%. Figure 1 shows the distribution of cases and deaths by age group and gender. Mortality rate in SCD patients was highest in the 50-64 years age group (23.1%) in contrast to mortality rate peaks seen in the general population in patients older than 80 years (Table 1). Young adult SCD patients aged 18-34 years had a case fatality rate of 3.3% and those aged 34-50 years had a rate of 14.9%. California Department of Public Health report case fatality rates for Blacks are less than 1% in both of these comparative age groups. Age-standardized mortality ratio shows that individuals with SCD are 7.7 times more likely to die due to COVID-19 infection compared to the general population. The overall hospitalization rate in individuals with SCD was 72.5% and 18.8% of reported hospitalized cases were children. Among hospitalized adults with SCD, stratification by age showed that 85% were aged 18-49, whereas only 25.7% of people 18-49 years in the general Black population were hospitalized (Table 2). Our findings show that individuals with SCD who have COVID-19 infection have higher rates of death due to COVID-19 than the general Black population. Also, a large proportion of COVID hospitalization for the SCD population occurs among the younger age group. Further analysis is planned to examine effects of underlying comorbidities and prior SCD-associated complications on the severity of COVID-19 in individuals with SCD. Disclosures Mucalo: NIH/NHLBI: Research Funding; NIH/NINDS: Research Funding. Brandow:Greater Milwaukee Foundation: Research Funding; NIH / NHLBI: Research Funding. Panepinto:HRSA: Research Funding; NINDS: Research Funding; NINDS: Research Funding; NHLBI: Research Funding.

scholarly journals Mortality rate of gastric cancer in the population of Belgrade for 1990-2002 period

2005 ◽  
Vol 62 (9) ◽  
pp. 655-660 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandra Sipetic ◽  
Hristina Vlajinac ◽  
Isidora Ratkov ◽  
Jelena Marinkovic
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Cancer ◽  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
World Population ◽  
Age Group ◽  
The Past ◽  
Mortality Ratio ◽  
Trend Functions ◽  
Annual Decline

Background. Worldwide, gastric cancer is the fourth leading cause of diseases, and the second leading cause of cancer deaths. Aim. To analyze the differences between men and women in mortality rate of gastric cancer in Belgrade from 1990?2002. Methods. Mortality rates standardized directly to the ?World population?, and regression analysis were used. Results. In Belgrade population, 29.2% out the total number of deaths attributable to cancer were caused by gastric cancer. Gastric cancer was the second most common cause of death among digestive tract cancers. In women, in the period between 1990 and 1993, an average annual decline of mortality was 9.0% (95% confidence interval (CI) = 5.9?13.1), and between 1994 and 2002, an average annual increase was 10.3% (CI = 8.4?12.6). Mortality rate series of gastric cancer in men did not fit any of the usual trend functions. The male/female gastric cancer mortality ratio was 1.7 : 1. Mortality rates for gastric cancer rose with age in both sexes and they were highest in the age group of 70 and more years. From 1990?2002, in both sexes aged 70 years and more, mortality from gastric cancer rose by 67.2% (CI = 58.0?76.4) in men and by 69.6% (CI = 60.6?78.6) in women. During the same period, the death rates in men decreased by 75.9 % (CI = 67.5?84.4) in the age group of 30?39 years, and by 48.1% (CI = 38.4?57.9) in women aged 50?59 years. In both sexes mortality rate series of all other age groups did not fit any of the usual trend functions. Conclusions. The increase in mortality rate of gastric in women over the past few years, showed the necessity of instituting primary and secondary preventive measures.

scholarly journals Sex differences in the incidence, mortality, and fatality of COVID-19 in Peru

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
pp. e0253193
Author(s):  
Max Carlos Ramírez-Soto ◽  
Hugo Arroyo-Hernández ◽  
Gutia Ortega-Cáceres
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Surveillance System ◽  
Epidemiological Data ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Fatality Rate ◽  
Death Rates ◽  
Death Data

Background There is a worrying lack of epidemiological data on the sex differential in COVID-19 infection and death rates between the regions of Peru. Methods Using cases and death data from the national population-based surveillance system of Peru, we estimated incidence, mortality and fatality, stratified by sex, age and geographic distribution (per 100,000 habitants) from March 16 to November 27, 2020. At the same time, we calculated the risk of COVID-19 death. Results During the study period, 961894 cases and 35913 deaths were reported in Peru. Men had a twofold higher risk of COVID-19 death within the overall population of Peru (odds ratio (OR), 2.11; confidence interval (CI) 95%; 2.06–2.16; p<0.00001), as well as 20 regions of Peru, compared to women (p<0.05). There were variations in incidence, mortality and fatality rates stratified by sex, age, and region. The incidence rate was higher among men than among women (3079 vs. 2819 per 100,000 habitants, respectively). The mortality rate was two times higher in males than in females (153 vs. 68 per 100,000 habitants, respectively). The mortality rates increased with age, and were high in men 60 years of age or older. The fatality rate was two times higher in men than in women (4.96% vs. 2.41%, respectively), and was high in men 50 years of age or older. Conclusions These findings show the higher incidence, mortality and fatality rates among men than among women from Peru. These rates vary widely by region, and men are at greater risk of COVID-19 death. In addition, the mortality and fatality rates increased with age, and were most predominant in men 50 years of age or older.

Abstract P365: Turning in the Mortality Trends from Coronary Heart Disease in Japan: Age-Specific Analysis of the Regional Difference in Japan from 1969 to 2007

Circulation ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 129 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Akira Okayama ◽  
Nagako Okuda ◽  
Hirotsugu Ueshima
Keyword(s):  
Coronary Heart Disease ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Old Age ◽  
Urban Population ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Vital Statistics ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Mortality Trends ◽  
Younger Generation

Objective: To examine the recent mortality trends of coronary heart disease (CHD), we compared the age specific CHD mortality trends in Japan and in urban and in the rest of Japan, respectively using Vital Statistics. Methods and Results: We compared CHD mortality rates in all Japan, the urban population (20 million) and in the rest of Japan (100 million) from 1969 to 2007 for 30 to 69 years of age. In 1969 [[Unable to Display Character: &#8209;]] 1970, the age[[Unable to Display Character: &#8209;]]adjusted CHD mortality rate was 57.7 per 100,000 for men and 25.9 for women in Japan, and was the same as those of the urban population (59.2 for men and 26.8 for women) and the rest of Japan (57.3 for men and 25.9 for women). The CHD mortality rate in the rest of Japan decreased to 28.4 for men and 7.6 for women in 2006-2007. Although CHD mortality rate in the urban population also decreased to 39.9 for men and 10.1 for women in 2006 - 2007, the decline was much smaller. Trends in age-specific CHD mortality rates was compared between Period I (1969 - 1978), Period II (1981- 1994) and period III (1996 - 2007). Among men in Japan and in the rest of Japan, the decline in the mortality rate for the 30 to 49[[Unable to Display Character: &#8209;]]year[[Unable to Display Character: &#8209;]]old[[Unable to Display Character: &#8209;]]age group was initially observed in Period I and II, and has turned to increase significantly (p<0.001) in the Period III while continuous declining trends in 50-59 and 60-69 year old-age-group. Trends in urban population went ahead, changes in the declining trends was observed both the Period II and III among 30-49 year-old-age group and period III among 50-59 year-old-age group while continuous decline was observed among 60-69 year-old-age group. Similar trends were observed among women. These trends coincide with the increase in the fat intake mainly among younger generation. Conclusions: Observed increase in CHD mortality of men in Japan among younger generation proceeded by those in the urban population may predict the future increase in CHD mortality in Japan.

scholarly journals Trends in Suicide Mortality in Canada by Sex and Age Group, 1981 to 2017: A Population-Based Time Series Analysis: Tendances de la mortalité par suicide au Canada selon le sexe et le groupe d’âge, 1981 – 2017 : Une analyse de séries chronologiques dans la population

2020 ◽  
pp. 070674372094056
Author(s):  
Mélanie Varin ◽  
Heather M. Orpana ◽  
Elia Palladino ◽  
Nathaniel J. Pollock ◽  
Melissa M. Baker
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Suicide Rate ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Health Problems ◽  
Suicide Mortality ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Statistical Classification ◽  
Classification Of Diseases ◽  
International Statistical Classification

Objectives: Suicide is a complex global public health issue. The objective of this study was to assess time trends in suicide mortality in Canada by sex and age group. Methods: We extracted data from the Canadian Vital Statistics Death Database for all suicide deaths among individuals aged 10 years and older based on International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems, Ninth Revision (E950-959; 1981 to 1999) and International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems, 10th Revision (X60-X84, Y87·0; 2000 to 2017) for a 37-year period, from 1981 to 2017. We calculated annual age-standardized, sex-specific, and age group-specific suicide mortality rates, and used Joinpoint Regression for time trend analysis. Results: The age-standardized suicide mortality rate in Canada decreased by 24.0% from 1981 to 2017. From 1981 to 2007, there was a significant annual average decrease in the suicide rate by 1.1% (95% confidence interval, −1.3 to −0.9), followed by no significant change between 2007 and 2017. From 1981 to 2017 and from 1990 to 2017, females aged 10 to 24 and 45 to 64 years old, respectively, had a significant increase in suicide mortality rates. However, males had the highest suicide mortality rates in all years in the study; the average male-to-female ratio was 3.4:1. Conclusion: The 3-decade decline in suicide mortality rates in Canada paralleled the global trend in rate reductions. However, since 2008, the suicide rate in Canada was relatively unchanged. Although rates were consistently higher among males, we found significant rate increases among females in specific age groups. Suicide prevention efforts tailored for adult males and young and middle-aged females could help reduce the suicide mortality rate in Canada.

scholarly journals Case report: the use of the AWIN welfare assessment protocol to monitor a group of abandoned donkeys

2021 ◽  
Vol 58 ◽  
pp. e174701
Author(s):  
Sharacely de Souza Farias ◽  
Mariana Bombo Perozzi Gameiro ◽  
Ana Carolina Dierings Montechese ◽  
Thiago Bernardino ◽  
Chiara Albano de Araujo Oliveira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Food Restriction ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Living Conditions ◽  
Welfare Assessment ◽  
Assessment Protocol ◽  
Welfare Indicators ◽  
Methodological Tool ◽  
Sanitary Conditions

The objective of this study was to reach a diagnosis of the living conditions of abandoned donkeys kept in a restricted farm area through the assessment of their welfare level utilizing the AWIN protocol as a methodological tool. These animals were supposed to be sent to slaughter, but after the activity was temporarily banned, they were abandoned by traders. The protocol of welfare assessment was associated with general environmental and sanitary conditions. Information regarding the mortality rates was also gathered. According to the welfare assessment results, the living conditions of these animals were acceptable in some areas, despite the insufficient shade and shelter, a 3-month food restriction period, and a mortality rate of over 70%. These results demonstrate that welfare assessment protocols must be adapted to crises and databases for welfare indicators in diverse conditions must be created.

scholarly journals Morbidity and Mortality of Traumatic Brain Injury in Hospitalized Patients in Brazil Between 2010 and 2020: An Ecological Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vitória Bittencourt de Carvalho ◽  
Kauan Alves Sousa Madruga
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Ecological Study ◽  
Traumatic Injury ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Hospitalization Rate ◽  
Morbidity And Mortality ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Unified Health System

Background: Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) is defined as any traumatic injury causing an anatomical lesion or functional impairment of the scalp, skull, meninges, brain or its vessels. Hospitalization of this patient, depending on the severity, can result in irreversible sequelae or death. Objective: To report the morbidity and mortality rates of patients suffering from TBI hospitalized in Brazilian hospitals between 2010 and 2020. Methods: Descriptive ecological study of the data collected at the Informatics Department of the Unified Health System (DATASUS). Results: There were 1,143,187 admissions due to TBI. There was a predominance of males with 871,999 (76.28%) cases and the age group between 20 and 29 years old 199,857 (17.48%). Brown patients were the ones with the highest hospitalization rate: 370,639 (32.42%). The mortality rate in the period was 9.52/100 hospitalizations, with the Southeast region occupying the first place (10.44 per 100 hospitalizations). In total, 108,853 deaths were recorded, of which 50,013 occurred in the Southeast, the region with the highest rate. Although the number of deaths was higher in people between 20 and 29 years old (16,687), the age group with the highest mortality rate was over 80 years old (19.84 per 100 hospitalizations). Conclusion: In the last 10 years, TBI has caused 1,143,187 hospitalizations in Brazil, with a predominance of males and the age group between 20 and 29 years. Brown patients had the highest rate of hospitalization. The region with the highest mortality was the Southeast and the smallest was the South.

scholarly journals COVID-19 Case Mortality Rates Continue to Decline in Florida

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey E Harris
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Medical Care ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Hospitalized Patients ◽  
Significant Decline ◽  
Hospital Treatment ◽  
Age Group ◽  
The Third ◽  
Case Mortality

We studied COVID-19 case mortality in Florida among four successive cohorts of persons at least 50 years of age, each of whom we followed for 28 to 48 days from date of diagnosis. The cohorts were separated by date of diagnosis into four nonoverlapping intervals: March 29 - April 18; April 29 - May 19; May 21 - June 10; and June 14 - July 4, 2020. Case mortality rates declined consistently and significantly over the course of the four intervals: 57% among those aged 50-59 years; 62% among those aged 60-69 years; 52% among those aged 70-79 years; and 34% among those aged 80 or more years. These findings were consistent with progressive improvements in the medical care of COVID-19 patients. We further studied case mortality by hospitalization status. The case mortality rate among hospitalized patients aged 60-69 years fell significantly from the first to the third interval. During the fourth interval, an apparent rise in mortality among hospitalized patients in the same age group was mirrored by a significant decline in mortality among those not hospitalized. These findings were consistent with the out-of-hospital treatment of some patients who would have previously been hospitalized.

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