scholarly journals EFFECTS OF PATHOGENIC FUNGAL INFECTION ON THE NUTRIENT AND ANTI-NUTRIENT CONSTITUENTS OF POST HARVEST Irvingia gabonensis (OGBONO) SEEDS

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 01-10
Author(s):  
U. N Emiri ◽  
◽  
E. B. Enaregha ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Fungal Infection ◽  
Mineral Content ◽  
Proximate Analysis ◽  
Penicillium Italicum ◽  
Phytochemical Content ◽  
Post Harvest ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Calcium Phosphorus ◽  
Irvingia Gabonensis ◽  
Uninoculated Control

Effects of pathogenic fungal infection on the nutrient and anti-nutrient constituents of post-harvest Irvingia gabonensis seeds were evaluated. The fungi pathogens isolated from partially rotted seeds of I. gabonensis seeds include Rhizopus stolonifer, Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus niger and Penicillium italicum. These fungi were used as test fungi to inoculate healthy I. gabonesis seeds aseptically. The results of the proximate analysis in (%w/w)/100g of seeds inoculated with test fungi and uninoculated (control) seeds carried out revealed that there was a significant increase (p<0.05) in Moisture, Ash and Lipid content of seeds inoculated with the test fungi, relative to uninoculated (control) seeds. While fiber carbohydrate and protein content decreased in fungi inoculated seeds relative to uninoculated seeds. There was a significant difference (p<0.05) in mineral content evaluated. Calcium, Phosphorus and Iron increased in seeds inoculated with the test fungi relative to the uninoculated, while Potassium, Soduim and Magnesium decreased in seeds inoculated with the test fungi. Anti-nutrient (phytochemical) content; Tannin, Saponin, Total oxalate and Cynogenic glucoside increased in the fungi inoculated seeds relative to uninoculated seeds. Significant differences also existed among the test fungi. Apparently, Penicillium italicum induced more changes in the anti-nutrient (Phytochemical) content measured. Hence higher values were recorded by Penicillium italicum in Tannim, Saponin, Total oxalate and Cynogenic glucoside, Keywords: Irvingia gabonensis, Nutrient, Anti-nutrient, Fungi, Inoculated

scholarly journals Biochemical changes in Mucuna sloanei (ukpo) seeds induced by six pathogenic fungi and comparative analysis of the pathogenic fungi

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (15) ◽  
pp. 19-27
Author(s):  
U. N. Emiri ◽  
E. B. Enaregha
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Fungal Pathogens ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Proximate Analysis ◽  
Biochemical Changes ◽  
Penicillium Italicum ◽  
Phytochemical Content ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Uninoculated Control

Biochemical changes in Mucuna sloanei Fawc. & Rendle (Fabaceae) seeds induced by six pathogenic fungi and comparative analysis of the pathogenic fungi were investigated. The fungal pathogens isolated from partially rotted seeds of M. sloanei seeds include Rhizopus stolonifer, Aspergilus flavus, Aspergillus niger, Penicillium italicum, Alternaria altermata and Fusarium oxysporum. These fungi were used as test fungi to inoculate healthy M. sloanei seeds aseptically. The results of proximate analysis in (%w/w)/100 g of seeds inoculated with the test fungi and uninoculated (control) seeds carried out revealed that there was a significant increase (P < 0.05) in moisture, ash, lipid and carbohydrate content of seeds inoculated with the test fungi, relative to uninoculated (control) seeds. While fiber and protein content decreased in fungi inoculated seeds relative to uninoculated seeds. There was a significant difference (P < 0.05) in mineral content evaluated. Calcium, phosphorus and sodium increased in seeds inoculated with the test fungi relative to the uninoculated, while iron, potassium and magnesium decreased in seeds inoculated with the test fungi. Phytochemical (anti-nutrient) contents (tannin, saponins, total oxalate and cynogenic glucoside) increased in the fungi inoculated seeds, relative to uninoculated seeds. Significant differences also occurred among the test fungi. Fusarium oxysporum, Alternaria altermata and Penicillium italicum appeared to induce more changes in proximate and mineral composition. Penicillium italicum also recorded the highest increase in phytochemical content (tannin, saponin and total oxalate) in seeds inoculated with test fungi relative to the uninoculated (control) seeds.

scholarly journals Comparative Phytochemical, Proximate and Some Mineral Composition of the Leaves and Stem Bark of Spondia mombin (L. anacardiaceae)

2020 ◽  
pp. 90-98
Author(s):  
Enyohwo Dennis Kpomah ◽  
Edet Okon Odokwo
Keyword(s):  
Mineral Content ◽  
Stem Bark ◽  
Proximate Analysis ◽  
New Drugs ◽  
Appreciable Amount ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Mineral Contents ◽  
P Values ◽  
Lead Compounds ◽  
Significant Difference

Aims: Quantitative phytochemical, proximate and some mineral content of the leaves and stem bark of Spondia mombin, a plant commonly found in Southern Nigeria was studied with a view of ascertaining their nutritional potential and justification for their ethnopharmacological uses. Place and Duration of Study: The study was conducted in the research Laboratory of the Department of Biochemistry, Federal University Otuoke, Bayelsa State, Nigeria, between        February – March 2019. Methodology: Proximate composition, quantitative phytochemical, and mineral contents of the samples were studied using standard analytical methods of the Association of Analytical Chemist (AOAC). Results: Proximate analysis of the leaves and stem bark showed that there was no significant difference (P  between the carbohydrate and protein content of both leaves and stem bark while the stem bark had significantly higher (P values for ash, fat and fibre when compared to the leaves which incidentally had significantly higher (P  moisture content. Quantitative phytochemical analysis revealed that there was no significant difference (P  between the leaves and stem bark with reference to tannin, oxalate and phytate, the stem bark, however, showed significantly higher (P  values for alkaloids, saponin and cyanogenic glycosides when compared to the leaves, although flavonoids and phenols were significantly (P higher in the leaves. Mineral (elemental) analysis of both leaves and stem bark indicated the presence of macro and micro minerals in varying amounts. Conclusion: These findings indicated that S. mombin contained an appreciable amount of nutrients and minerals which could be included in the diet to supplement our daily nutrients and animal feeds, while the presence of the phytochemical may justify their use in ethnomedicine for the prevention, treatment and management of diverse health challenges, the phytochemicals may also act as lead compounds in the development of new drugs to counteract the present drug-resistant phenomenon.

Avaliação da Eficácia da Administração de Dexametasona ou Metilprednisolona para Produzir Osteoporose em Ratas/ Evaluating the Effectiveness of Dexamethasone or Methylprednisolone to Produce Osteoporosis in Rats

2011 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 22
Author(s):  
Nilo César do Vale Baracho ◽  
Alexandre Mata de Paula ◽  
Roberto Franzini Junior ◽  
Rogério Mariotto Bitetti da Silva ◽  
Bruno Appolari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Mass ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Bone Thickness ◽  
Good Marker ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Group Control ◽  
Successful Induction ◽  
Calcium Phosphorus ◽  
De Medicina

Introdução: A osteoporose é considerada um grave problema de saúde pública em todo o mundo. No Brasil ainda não há dados estatísticos sobre a real incidência desta doença. Os glicocorticóides representam uma classe de drogas muito usada, sendo que podem influenciar significativamente a massa óssea. Entretanto, após tratamento com glicocorticóides em ratos, esses podem ou não apresentar alterações na massa óssea. Objetivo: Avaliar a eficácia da administração de dexametasona ou metilprednisolona em produzir osteoporose em ratas. Métodos: Vinte e quatro ratas, oriundas do biotério da Faculdade de Medicina de Itajubá, foram utilizadas e divididas em três grupos: controle, metilprednisolona e dexametasona. Foram avaliados íons e proteínas totais sanguíneos e feita a análise histopatológica de tecido ósseo. Resultados e conclusão: Pela análise histológica da espessura trabecular óssea, houve redução da massa óssea dos grupos tratados com glicocorticóides em comparação com o grupo controle, evidenciando o sucesso da indução de osteoporose. Além disso, houve uma maior redução da massa óssea no grupo tratado com dexametasona, em comparação com o grupo tratado com metilprednisolona. A análise bioquímica de cálcio, fósforo, magnésio e proteínas totais não sofreram diferença significativa entres os grupos, não sendo um bom marcador para remodelamento ósseo e para diagnóstico de osteoporose.Evaluating the Effectiveness of Dexamethasone or Methylprednisolone to Produce Osteoporosis in RatsIntroduction: Osteoporosis is considered a serious public health problem in worldwide. In Brazil we do not have statistics on the real disease incidence. Glucocorticoids are a class of drugs widely used, and can significantly influence bone mass. However, after treatment with glucocorticoids in rats, these may or may not show changes in bone mass. Objective: Evaluating the effectiveness of dexamethasone or methylprednisolone to produce osteoporosis in rats. Methods: Twenty-four rats, originated from the vivarium of the Faculty of Medicine Itajubá were used and divided into three groups: control, methylprednisolone and dexamethasone. Ions was evaluated blood and histopathology of bone tissue. Results and conclusion: by histologic analysis of trabecular bone thickness, a reduction of the mass bone in the groups treated with glucocorticoids compared with the group control, demonstrating the successful induction of osteoporosis. Furthermore, there was a greater reduction in bone mass in the group treated with dexamethasone compared with the group treated with methylprednisolone. The analysis biochemistry of calcium, phosphorus, magnesium and total protein did not undergo significant difference among the groups, there is a good marker for bone remodeling and osteoporosis diagnosis.

scholarly journals The Influence of Physical Treatments on Phytochemical Changes in Fresh Produce after Storage and Marketing

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 788
Author(s):  
Elazar Fallik ◽  
Zoran Ilić
Keyword(s):  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Growth Conditions ◽  
Nutritional Content ◽  
Nutrition And Health ◽  
Phytochemical Content ◽  
Post Harvest ◽  
Crop Genetics ◽  
Anti Cancer ◽  
Nutritional Qualities ◽  
Physical Treatments

More food with high nutritional content will be needed to feed the growing global human population, which is expected to reach 10 billion by 2050. Fruits and vegetables contain most of the minerals, micronutrients, and phytonutrients essential for human nutrition and health. The quantity of these phytochemicals depends on crop genetics, weather and environmental factors, growth conditions, and pre-harvest and post-harvest treatments. These phytochemicals are known to have anti-cancer properties and to regulate immunity, in addition to hypolipidemic, antioxidant, anti-aging, hypotensive, hypoglycemic, and other pharmacological properties. Physical treatments have been reported to be effective for managing several post-harvest diseases and physiological disorders. These treatments may affect the external, internal, and nutritional qualities of fruits and vegetables. Therefore, the aim of this review is to summarize the information recently reported regarding the use of physical treatments applied either directly or in combination with other means to maximize and maintain the phytochemical content of fresh and fresh-cut or processed fruits and vegetables.

scholarly journals Integration of Dental Implants in Conjunction with EDTA-Conditioned Dentin Grafts: An Experimental Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 63
Author(s):  
Payam Farzad ◽  
Ted Lundgren ◽  
Adel Al-Asfour ◽  
Lars Andersson ◽  
Christer Dahlin
Keyword(s):  
Direct Contact ◽  
Mineral Content ◽  
X Rays ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Dentin Surface ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
C And N ◽  
Micro Implants ◽  
Demineralized Dentin

This study was undertaken to investigate the integration of titanium micro-implants installed in conjunction with previously dentin-grafted areas and to study the morphological appearance, mineral content, and healing pattern of xenogenic EDTA-conditioned dentin blocks and granules grafted to cavities in the tibial bone of rabbits. Demineralized and non-demineralized dentin blocks and granules from human premolars were implanted into cavities prepared on the lateral aspects of the tibias of rabbits. After a healing period of six months, micro-implants were installed at each surgical site. Histological examinations were carried out after 24 weeks. Characterization of the EDTA-conditioned dentin blocks was performed by means of light microscopy, dental X-rays, scanning electron microscopy, and energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX). No implants were found to be integrated in direct contact with the dentin particles or blocks. On the EDTA-conditioned dentin surface, the organic marker elements C and N dominated, as revealed by EDX. The hydroxyapatite constituents Ca and P were almost absent on the dentin surface. No statistically significant difference was observed between the EDTA-conditioned and non-demineralized dentin, as revealed by BIC and BA. The bone-inductive capacity of the dentin material seemed limited, although demineralization by means of EDTA indicated higher BIC and BA values in conjunction with the installed implants in the area. A 12 h EDTA treatment did not fully decalcify the grafts, as revealed by X-ray analysis.

scholarly journals Tree nut phytochemicals: composition, antioxidant capacity, bioactivity, impact factors. A systematic review of almonds, Brazils, cashews, hazelnuts, macadamias, pecans, pine nuts, pistachios and walnuts

2011 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 244-275 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bradley W. Bolling ◽  
C.-Y. Oliver Chen ◽  
Diane L. McKay ◽  
Jeffrey B. Blumberg
Keyword(s):  
Phenolic Acids ◽  
Storage Conditions ◽  
Impact Factors ◽  
Analytical Methodology ◽  
Phytochemical Content ◽  
Tree Nuts ◽  
Post Harvest ◽  
Tree Nut ◽  
Roasting Process ◽  
Intervention Trials

Tree nuts contain an array of phytochemicals including carotenoids, phenolic acids, phytosterols and polyphenolic compounds such as flavonoids, proanthocyanidins (PAC) and stilbenes, all of which are included in nutrient databases, as well as phytates, sphingolipids, alkylphenols and lignans, which are not. The phytochemical content of tree nuts can vary considerably by nut type, genotype, pre- and post-harvest conditions, as well as storage conditions. Genotype affects phenolic acids, flavonoids, stilbenes and phytosterols, but data are lacking for many other phytochemical classes. During the roasting process, tree nut isoflavones, flavanols and flavonols were found to be more resistant to heat than the anthocyanins, PAC and trans-resveratrol. The choice of solvents used for extracting polyphenols and phytosterols significantly affects their quantification, and studies validating these methods for tree nut phytochemicals are lacking. The phytochemicals found in tree nuts have been associated with antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-proliferative, antiviral, chemopreventive and hypocholesterolaemic actions, all of which are known to affect the initiation and progression of several pathogenic processes. While tree nut phytochemicals are bioaccessible and bioavailable in humans, the number of intervention trials conducted to date is limited. The objectives of the present review are to summarise tree nut: (1) phytochemicals; (2) phytochemical content included in nutrient databases and current publications; (3) phytochemicals affected by pre- and post-harvest conditions and analytical methodology; and (4) bioactivity and health benefits in humans.

Effects of dietary oil palm, plantain and Calopogonium spp. leaves on performance and sensory values of rabbit meat

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-89
Author(s):  
J.N. Ingweye ◽  
J. Mfon ◽  
G.A. Kalio ◽  
F.I. Ologbose
Keyword(s):  
Oil Palm ◽  
Proximate Analysis ◽  
Conversion Ratio ◽  
Feed Conversion Ratio ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Fixed Amount ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Weight Gains ◽  
Better Than

Performance and organoleptic indices of rabbits fed plantain, oil palm and calopogonium leaves was assessed using 48, eight weeks old bucks. They were allotted to four groups of 12 animals and three replicates of four animals each. Group A (control) was fed calopogonium leaf while groups B, C, and D were fed plantain leaf, oil palm leaf, and 50% oil palm + 50% plantain leaves, respectively. Animals consumed fixed amount of commercial pellets while forages and water were given ad libitum. Completely randomized design, one-way analysis of variance was used. Proximate analysis of pellets and forages as well as feed intake, weight gain and feed conversion ratio were assessed. At the end of the experiment, meat from one rabbit per treatment was used for sensory evaluation by 20 semi-trained panelists using 7-point hedonic scale. Data were analyzed using SPSS software. Significant means were separated using Least Significant Difference. Crude protein, crude fibre, ether extract, nitrogen free extract and ash contents of the leaves ranged from 25.11±1.50 (calopogonium) to 4.90±0.92 (oil palm), 38.40±2.12 (oil palm) to 15.38±0.07 (plantain), 9.71±0.01 (plantain) to 2.30±0.01 (oil palm), 47.80±0.56 (oil palm) to 32.27±0.02 (calopogonium) and 11.93±0.02 (plantain) to 2.99±0.01 (oil palm), respectively. Groups A and B had the highest (p<0.05) final weight and weight gains while groups A, B and C had the highest (p<0.05) forage intake. Feed conversion ratios of groups A and B were better (lower) than others. Forages had no effect on meat colour and texture. Groups B and D meats tasted better than others. Group D meat aroma was better than those fed single forages. Meats from groups C and D were the juiciest while meats from groups A, C and D were the most acceptable. Consideration of final weights, weight gains, feed conversion ratio and taste of meat would require that plantain leaves be used to feed meat rabbits. Keywords: Organoleptic indices, Dry season feeding, Forage

scholarly journals Effect of Incorporation of Malted Sorghum Flour on Quality of Biscuit

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nischal Adhikari ◽  
Dev Raj Acharya
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Wheat Flour ◽  
Technical College ◽  
Proximate Analysis ◽  
Crude Fiber Content ◽  
Sorghum Flour ◽  
Sensory Score ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Temperature Scenario

Sorghum (S. bicolor) collected from Dhankuta district was used for malting. Sorghum was steeped for 12 hours at Relative humidity of 70±5% and germinated at room temperature (28±3°C) with repeated change of water at interval of every 8 hours for 2, 3,4,5,6 and 7 days. The germinated samples of each day were taken for kilning at the temperature scenario of 50-55°C until moisture reaches to 23%; 70-75°C until moisture reaches to 12%; and 90-95% until moisture reaches to 3-5%. The result of enzyme activity determination showed that the sorghum germinated for 3 days has the higher enzyme activity of 27.39 units per gram dry matter. Proximate analysis of malted and unmalted flour showed significant different (p<0.05) in fat, ash, reducing sugar and crude fiber content. Likewise calcium and iron content of malted flour was significantly increased (p<0.05) than that of unmalted one with subsequent decreased (p<0.05) in their binder oxalate and phytate respectively. The sorghum of higher enzyme activity was then used to prepare the biscuit. Malted sorghum and wheat flour was blended in the following ratios: samples A; 30: 70, sample B; 50:50, sample C; 60:40, sample D; 0:100. The organolaptic test shows the significant difference (p<0.05) between these samples in terms of flavor and test. The mean sensory score was found to be higher for sample C. This suggests that the malted sorghum flour can be used for the preparation of biscuit upto 60% (w/w) of wheat flour without alteration in texture, crispiness, appearance and overall acceptability.Sunsari Technical College Journal 2015, 2(1):33-37

scholarly journals Nutraceutical potential of Ficus roxburghii an underutilized fruit of Sikkim Himalayas

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 876-880
Author(s):  
Yamuna Pandey ◽  
S. Upadhyay ◽  
S. Manivannan ◽  
L. Sharma ◽  
S.S. Bhatt
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Mineral Content ◽  
Total Phenols ◽  
Total Carotenoids ◽  
Energy Value ◽  
Phytochemical Content ◽  
Balanced Diet ◽  
Western Himalayan Region ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
North Western

Ficus roxburghii, “Elephant ear fig “or wild fig is one of very popular fruits found growing wild in the hills of North Eastern and North Western Himalayan region. The fruit of wild fig has also been used as medicine by the tribal people of Sikkim and other states of India. Keeping this in view, the present study was conducted at Laboratory of Department of Horticulture, Sikkim University, Sikkim to access the different nutraceuticals properties as nutritional constituent like protein, fat, fibre, carbohydrate and energy value, mineral content viz.Ca, K, Mg, Na, Zn, Co, Mo, Fe, Mn and phytochemical content such as total phenols, flavonoid, ascorbic acid, anthocyanin and total carotenoids of F. roxburghii. The results of present study revealed that fruit of F. roxburghii contains significant amount of nutritional, mineral and phytochemical properties viz. protein (3.00±0.06%), fat (0.13±0.04%), fibre (3.06±0.02%), carbohydrate (90.81±0.44 %), energy value (376.45±1.44), Ca (23.69 ± 1.7), Mg  (73.09 ± 2.1), K (819.64 ± 12.54), Mo (0.58 ±  0.06), Na (6.73 ± 1.2), Zn (0.34 ± 0.10). Fe (26.55 ± 2.8), Cu (4.22 ± 0.20), Mn (7.11 ± 0.11), total phenols (4.13±0.52 mg GAE/ G), total flavonoid (3.10±0.09 mg GAE/ G), ascorbic acid (3.36±0.27 mg GAE/ G), anthocyanin (1.13±0.15 mg GAE/ G) and total carotenoids (0.68±0.10 mg GAE/ G). It may be concluded that the fruit of F. roxburghiiis rich in nutraceuticals and must be incorporated in our balanced diet.

scholarly journals The effect of enriched cyclopoid copepods on the coloration and feeding rate of Betta splendens

2021 ◽  
Vol 869 (1) ◽  
pp. 012007
Author(s):  
A Yuslan ◽  
N Nasir ◽  
H Suhaimi ◽  
A Arshad ◽  
N W Rasdi
Keyword(s):  
Rice Bran ◽  
Feeding Rate ◽  
Effective Means ◽  
B Value ◽  
Proximate Analysis ◽  
Betta Splendens ◽  
A Value ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
L Value

Abstract Copepods with a wide range of sizes, species, and nutritional compositions are preferred as live food for rearing of Betta splendens larvae. This research focuses on evaluating the efficiency of copepod enrichment diets in improving the coloration and feeding rate of B. splendens. Copepod were enriched with Chlorella sp. (T1), capsicum (T2), mixed vegetable (carrot + spinach), (T3), yeast (T4) and rice bran (T5) in 24 hours prior the feeding tests. As a result, proximate analysis of enriched-copepods showed that T1 (70.88±0.41) has highest protein content and T5 (22.01±0.59) has the highest lipid content. The specific growth rate and survival rate of B. splendens was highest in the treatment T1 (2.56±0.07%; 91.11±1.92%) and followed closely by T3 (2.49±0.51%; 85.55±8.39%). Feeding rate, T3 (70.08±3.88%) presented highest rate compared to other treatments. The different enrichment diets used were significantly impact the coloration test on body of L* value (P=0.001, P<0.05), T3 (66.11±3.60) appeared darker in color in contrast to others. As for a* value, the coloration was not impacted with the use of different enrichment on copepods (P=0.158, P>0.05) was detected for T1 (2.84±0.73) that gave a redder shade than other treatments did. T3 (2.40±0.30) exerted a more yellowish shade than the rest for b* value with a significant difference (P=0.015, P<0.05). The current study demonstrates that, rice bran, capsicum and mixed vegetable enrichment (carrot and spinach) have the potential to be an effective means of increasing B. splendens coloring and feeding rate. This potential diet can be further used as a substitution to artificial foods in producing sustainable culture of ornamental fish in the aquaculture industry.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document