scholarly journals Manufacturing Technology of Aluminium Wire from Alloy 01417 with Adjusted Level of Mechanical Properties

2019 ◽  
pp. 842-851
Author(s):  
Yuriy V. Gorokhov ◽  
Viktor N. Timofeev ◽  
Mikhail V. Pervukhin ◽  
Vasiliy I. Belokopytov ◽  
Mikhail M. Motkov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Relative Elongation ◽  
Dendritic Segregation ◽  
Regression Equations ◽  
Data Regression ◽  
Aluminium Wire ◽  
Series Of Experiments ◽  
The Wire ◽  
High Level ◽  
Melt Cooling

In the 70s of the last century, Soviet scientists developed an aluminum alloy with 7% rare earth elements (REE), which at melt cooling speeds of up to 104 deg/s are dispersed into intermetallic phases, which significantly increase the heat resistance, corrosion resistance, and weldability of finished products for conductive material. To ensure melt cooling rates of up to 104 deg/s in those years, centrifugation of granules in water was used. To increase the efficiency of this redistribution, a pilot industrial line was used for continuous pellet pressing by the Conform method. A method has been developed for producing small-section billets (Æ 8-12 mm) with a crushed structure from Al-REM system alloys by continuous casting in electromagnetic crystallizer (EMC) mounted at Magnetic Hydrodynamics Scientific and Production Center LLC. In this method of casting, a dispersed structure is obtained with a slight intra-dendritic segregation, which guarantees a high level of mechanical properties. A series of experiments was carried out on continuous pressing at the Conform installation of a batch of Æ 12 mm rod and drawing it to Æ 0.5 mm wire without annealing. To predict the properties of the wire that meet the requirements of TU 1-809-1038-2018, an experimental plan has been drawn up and implemented to determine the dependence of mechanical properties on the exposure time (τ) and the annealing temperature (t) of the wire. As a result of processing the experimental data, regression equations were obtained and graphs of the dependence temporary tensile strength (σв) and relative elongation (δ) on the temperature and holding time, which can be used when annealing Æ 0.5 mm wire from 01417 alloy to obtain the required mechanical properties

Development of Combined Machining Modes, Investigation of Mechanical Properties and Structure of Deformed Semi-Finished Products from Alloy 01417

2020 ◽  
Vol 992 ◽  
pp. 498-503
Author(s):  
S. Sidelnikov ◽  
D. Voroshilov ◽  
M. Motkov ◽  
M. Voroshilova ◽  
V. Bespalov
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Rare Earth Metals ◽  
Electrophysical Properties ◽  
Intermediate Annealing ◽  
Plastic Properties ◽  
Bar Rolling ◽  
Annealing Temperatures ◽  
Continuous Ingot ◽  
The Wire ◽  
Deformation Modes

The article presents the results of studies on the production of wire with a diameter of 0.5 mm from aluminum alloy 01417 with a content of rare-earth metals (REM) in the amount of 7-9% for aircraft construction needs. The deformation modes, the experimental technique and equipment for the implementation of the proposed technology described. The wire was obtained by drawing and bar rolling with subsequent drawing from a rod with a diameter of 5 mm, obtained previously using the process of combined rolling-extruding (CRE) from a continuous ingot with a diameter of 12 mm, cast in an electromagnetic mold (EMM). The wire obtained by the presented technology was subjected to 4 different heat treatment modes with annealing temperatures from 350 to 500 °C and holding time of 1 h in the furnace to achieve mechanical and electrophysical properties corresponding to TS 1-809-1038-2018. The level of strength and plastic properties obtained in the course of research required only one intermediate annealing. The microstructure of the wire was investigated and the modes were revealed that made it possible to obtain the required level of mechanical properties and electrical resistivity, satisfying TS 1-809-1038-2018.

scholarly journals Enhanced electrical conductivity and mechanical properties in thermally stable fine-grained copper wire

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Qingzhong Mao ◽  
Yusheng Zhang ◽  
Yazhou Guo ◽  
Yonghao Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Thermal Stability ◽  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Yield Strength ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Copper Wire ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Dislocation Slip ◽  
Ultrafine Grains ◽  
The Wire

AbstractThe rapid development of high-speed rail requires copper contact wire that simultaneously possesses excellent electrical conductivity, thermal stability and mechanical properties. Unfortunately, these are generally mutually exclusive properties. Here, we demonstrate directional optimization of microstructure and overcome the strength-conductivity tradeoff in copper wire. We use rotary swaging to prepare copper wire with a fiber texture and long ultrafine grains aligned along the wire axis. The wire exhibits a high electrical conductivity of 97% of the international annealed copper standard (IACS), a yield strength of over 450 MPa, high impact and wear resistances, and thermal stability of up to 573 K for 1 h. Subsequent annealing enhances the conductivity to 103 % of IACS while maintaining a yield strength above 380 MPa. The long grains provide a channel for free electrons, while the low-angle grain boundaries between ultrafine grains block dislocation slip and crack propagation, and lower the ability for boundary migration.

scholarly journals Low-Temperature Mechanical Properties of High-Density and Low-Density Polyethylene and Their Blends

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 1821
Author(s):  
Ildar I. Salakhov ◽  
Nadim M. Shaidullin ◽  
Anatoly E. Chalykh ◽  
Mikhail A. Matsko ◽  
Alexey V. Shapagin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Impact Strength ◽  
Relative Elongation ◽  
High Density ◽  
Low Density Polyethylene ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Elongation At Break ◽  
Subzero Temperatures ◽  
Izod Impact

Low-temperature properties of high-density polyethylene (HDPE), low-density polyethylene (LDPE), linear low-density polyethylene (LLDPE), and their blends were studied. The analyzed low-temperature mechanical properties involve the deformation resistance and impact strength characteristics. HDPE is a bimodal ethylene/1-hexene copolymer; LDPE is a branched ethylene homopolymer containing short-chain branches of different length; LLDPE is a binary ethylene/1-butene copolymer and an ethylene/1-butene/1-hexene terpolymer. The samples of copolymers and their blends were studied by gel permeation chromatography (GPC), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), 13С NMR spectroscopy, and dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) using testing machines equipped with a cryochamber. It is proposed that such parameters as “relative elongation at break at −45 °C” and “Izod impact strength at −40 °C” are used instead of the ductile-to-brittle transition temperature to assess frost resistance properties because these parameters are more sensitive to deformation and impact at subzero temperatures for HDPE. LLDPE is shown to exhibit higher relative elongation at break at −45 °C and Izod impact strength at −20 ÷ 60 °C compared to those of LDPE. LLDPE terpolymer added to HDPE (at a content ≥ 25 wt.%) simultaneously increases flow properties and improves tensile properties of the blend at −45 °C. Changes in low-temperature properties as a function of molecular weight, MWD, crystallinity, and branch content were determined for HDPE, LLDPE, and their blends. The DMA data prove the resulting dependences. The reported findings allow one to understand and predict mechanical properties in the HDPE–LLDPE systems at subzero temperatures.

scholarly journals Process Stability, Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Underwater Submerged-Arc Welded Steel

Metals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 1249
Author(s):  
Maofu Zhang ◽  
Yanfei Han ◽  
Chuanbao Jia ◽  
Shengfa Dong ◽  
Sergii Maksimov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Epoxy Resin ◽  
Water Glass ◽  
Welding Process ◽  
Process Stability ◽  
Surrounding Water ◽  
Welded Steel ◽  
Underwater Wet Welding ◽  
Marine Engineering ◽  
High Level

In underwater wet welding, the unstable welding process caused by the generation and rupture of bubbles and the chilling effect of water on the welding area result in low quality of welded joints, which makes it difficult to meet the practical application of marine engineering. To improve the process stability and joining quality, a mixture of welding flux with a water glass or epoxy resin was placed on the welding zone before underwater welding. In this paper, welds’ appearance, geometry statistics of welds’ formation, welding process stability, slag structure, microstructure, pores and mechanical properties were investigated. It was found that with the addition of water glass in the mixture, the penetration of weld was effectively increased, and the frequency of arc extinction was reduced. Though the porosity rose to a relatively high level, the joints’ comprehensive mechanical properties were not significantly improved. Notably, the applied epoxy resin completely isolated the surrounding water from the welding area, which greatly improved process stability. Furthermore, it benefited from the microstructure filled with massive acicular ferrite, the average elongation and room temperature impact toughness increased by 178.4%, and 69.1% compared with underwater wet welding, respectively, and the bending angle of the joint reaches to 180°.

scholarly journals Multicriteria Optimization of the Mechanical Properties in Laminated Seams

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (11) ◽  
pp. 2989
Author(s):  
Halina Szafranska ◽  
Ryszard Korycki
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Optimization Problems ◽  
Comprehensive Evaluation ◽  
Relative Elongation ◽  
Weighted Average ◽  
Bending Rigidity ◽  
Elongation At Break ◽  
Lamination Process ◽  
Weighted Optimization ◽  
Generalized Utility

In order to ensure a comprehensive evaluation of laminated seams in working clothing, a series of research was carried out to determine the correlation between the parameters of the seam lamination process (i.e., the temperature, the time, the pressure) and the mechanical properties of laminated seams. The mechanical properties were defined by means of the maximum breaking force, the relative elongation at break and the total bending rigidity. The mechanical indexes were accepted as the measure of durability and stability of laminated seams. The correlation between the lamination process parameters and the final properties of the tested seams in working clothing was proposed using a three-factor plan 33. Finally, the single-criteria optimization was introduced and the objective functional is the generalized utility function U. Instead of three independent optimization problems, the single problem was applied, and the global objective function was a weighted average of partial criteria with the assumed weight values. The problem of multicriteria weighted optimization was solved using the determined weights and the ranges of acceptable/unacceptable values.

scholarly journals Enzymes for Leather Processing: Effect on Pickling and Chroming

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (6) ◽  
pp. 1480
Author(s):  
Renata Biškauskaitė ◽  
Violeta Valeikienė ◽  
Virgilijus Valeika
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Acidic Medium ◽  
Proteolytic Enzymes ◽  
Relative Elongation ◽  
The Other ◽  
Shrinkage Temperature ◽  
Processing Effect ◽  
Leather Processing ◽  
Production Processes ◽  
Pickling Process

Recently, increasing attention has been paid to the application of enzymes in a wide variety of leather production processes. The aim of the present study was to investigate the action of enzymatic pickling on derma’s collagen and the influence of this action on subsequent processes and properties of chromed and finished leather. The application of active in acidic medium proteolytic enzymes in the pickling process led to an additional impact on derma structure: collagen was more strongly affected and the porosity of the pelt dermis was reduced, but the hide became more thermally stable. The enzymatically pickled pelt bonded more chromium and reached higher shrinkage temperature while chroming; dyes penetrated deeper; such leather bonded more fatliquors. On the other hand, the action of enzymes worsened the physical–mechanical properties of the leather, as the experimental leather was weaker than the conventional one. The first was characterised by weaker grain layer and had significantly higher relative elongation. Therefore, as some properties improve and others worsen during such a process, the application of every enzyme should be carefully investigated and optimized to produce a leather with defined properties.

The effect of long-term annealing simulating the parameters of dry storage of VVER-1000 fuel rods on the mechanical properties of E110 alloy shells in the longitudinal direction

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 42-49
Author(s):  
G. P. Kobylyansky ◽  
◽  
А. О. Mazaev ◽  
Е. А. Zvir ◽  
S. G. Eremin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Yield Strength ◽  
Relative Elongation ◽  
Mechanical Test ◽  
Longitudinal Direction ◽  
Radiation Defects ◽  
Thermal Tests ◽  
Fuel Rods ◽  
Dry Storage

Presented are the results of mechanical tensile tests of longitudinal (segmental) samples cut from the midsection of claddings spent as VVER-1000 FA during one- and six-year campaigns and subject to thermal tests in helium at 480 °С during 468 full days. An average burnup of these fuel rods achieved ~ 20 and ~ 70 (MW·day)/kg U, respectively. The tests followed the examinations for cladding mechanical properties performed using the tests results for ring samples cut from the specified fuel rods. These fuel rods were tested in the experiments to determine impact of long-term thermal tests that model dry storage conditions on mechanical properties of Zr E110 claddings. Based on mechanical tests results at room temperature and at 380 °С there was determined as follows: ultimate strength sв, yield strength s0,2 and total relative elongation d0 of claddings length-wise on the fuel rod segments at the fuel column midsection. The obtained characteristics were compared to corresponding values for initial (unirradiated) cladding tubes and mechanical test results of the ring samples in the transverse direction. Long-term thermal tests have led to partial return to initial (before operation) values sв, s0,2 and d0 of radiation-hardened claddings; this return was more prominent in the longitudinal direction than in the transverse one. A radiation hardening decrease was accompanied with an increase in total relative elongation values in both cladding directions. Anisotropy of yield strength has changed as well. These changes can be explained by partial annealing of radiation defects, which are obstacles to dislocation movements during cladding strain. The morphology of above radiation defects is different in various sliding planes in texturized grains of cladding material.

Control of properties and structure of steel vessels by cooling in various media at the outlet of rolling and pressing lines

2021 ◽  
pp. 34-38
Author(s):  
R. L. Shatalov ◽  
V. A. Medvedev
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Metal Structure ◽  
Machine Building ◽  
Regression Equations ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Industrial Mineral ◽  
Cooling Media ◽  
Technological Limitations ◽  
Non Destructive

When controlling the mechanical properties and structure of vessels made of carbon structural steels manufactured by hot deformation on rolling and pressing lines (PPL) of machine-building enterprises of Russia, such cooling media as water, I20 industrial mineral oil, air are used. The applied cooling media are able to provide the workpieces with a given structure with a wide range of mechanical properties. However, the cooling media have a number of technological limitations and conditions of the use, non-compliance with which leads to reject. When cooled in oil, the probability of ignition is high; when cooled in water, hardening cracks may form, and air is not always able to provide the required rate and uniformity of heat transfer to the environment. The efficiency of control of physical and mechanical properties and structure of deformed vessels made of 50 steel by cooling in TERMAT polymer aqueous solutions in different concentrations on PPL of the plant of JSC NPO Pribor was studied. The effect of varying the concentration from 2 to 9% of TERMAT polymer on the formation of metal structure, as well as physical and mechanical properties of hot-deformed vessels was studied. The results of testing the strength and plastic characteristics of vessels by destructive and non-destructive control methods are presented. According to the results of physical and mechanical properties, regression equations were obtained with at least 95% reliability of R2, which establish the relationship between the controlled plastic and strength parameters of the vessel metal`s properties. The conducted researches allowed to compare the indicators of the main physical and mechanical properties of steel vessels at the PPL outlet and to propose methods of inhomogeneity control that reduce time and material costs by 5–10% during the tests.

Muscle function during jumping in frogs. I. Sarcomere length change, EMG pattern, and jumping performance

1996 ◽  
Vol 271 (2) ◽  
pp. C563-C570 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. J. Lutz ◽  
L. C. Rome
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Muscle Function ◽  
Length Change ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Mechanical Power ◽  
Shortening Velocity ◽  
Jumping Performance ◽  
Angular Velocities ◽  
High Level

We determined the influence of temperature on muscle function during jumping to better understand how the frog muscular system is designed to generate a high level of mechanical power. Maximal jumping performance and the in vivo operating conditions of the semimembranosus muscle (SM), a hip extensor, were measured and related to the mechanical properties of the isolated SM in the accompanying paper [Muscle function during jumping in frogs. II. Mechanical properties of muscle: implication for system design. Am. J. Physiol. 271 (Cell Physiol. 40): C571-C578, 1996]. Reducing temperature from 25 to 15 degrees C caused a 1.75-fold decline in peak mechanical power generation and a proportional decline in aerial jump distance. The hip and knee joint excursions were nearly the same at both temperatures. Accordingly, sarcomeres shortened over the same range (2.4 to 1.9 microns) at both temperatures, corresponding to myofilament overlap at least 90% of maximal. At the low temperature, however, movements were made more slowly. Angular velocities were 1.2- to 1.4-fold lower, and ground contact time was increased by 1.33-fold at 15 degrees C. Average shortening velocity of the SM was only 1.2-fold lower at 15 degrees C than at 25 degrees C. The low Q10 of velocity is in agreement with that predicted for muscles shortening against an inertial load.

scholarly journals The influence of technological parameters for the production of plasticized polyvinylbutyral films on their optical and physico-mechanical properties

2019 ◽  
pp. 7-8
Author(s):  
M. M. Egorov ◽  
V. I. Milov ◽  
M. K. Timin ◽  
T. P. Mukhina ◽  
V. S. Smirnov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Mathematical Analysis ◽  
Polyvinyl Butyral ◽  
Factorial Experiment ◽  
Regression Equations ◽  
Technological Parameters ◽  
Full Factorial Experiment ◽  
Effect Of Pressure ◽  
Direct Pressing ◽  
Full Factorial

The effect of pressure, temperature and time during direct pressing on the strength and optical characteristics of adhesive plasticized polyvinyl butyral films is studied. A mathematical analysis of the results of a full factorial experiment is carried out and the regression equations are derived.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document