scholarly journals From the 8-Hour Day to the 40-Hour Week: Legitimization Discourses of Labour Legislation between the Wars in France and Belgium

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 6-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sabine Rudischhauser
Keyword(s):  
Interwar Period ◽  
Working Hours ◽  
State Intervention ◽  
Regulatory Regime ◽  
Political Elites ◽  
Legal Norms ◽  
Collective Agreements ◽  
Labour Legislation ◽  
Output Dimension

In the interwar period both France and Belgium passed legislation reducing the number of working hours and established a hybrid regulatory regime lending a certain degree of official authority to collective agreements. The paper analyses discourses by scholars who, as experts, were close to the political elites, and who tried to legitimize this kind of co-regulation by pointing out the inefficiency of state intervention and the epistemic authority of non-state actors. Stressing the output dimension of legitimacy and the improved quality of legal norms, these discourses had a technocratic tendency and ultimately argued in favour of a shift of power from the legislative to the administrative branch of government.

scholarly journals The emergence of coercive federal Australian labour law, 1901–2020

2021 ◽  
pp. 002218562110039
Author(s):  
Eugene Schofield-Georgeson
Keyword(s):  
Industrial Relations ◽  
High Volume ◽  
Union Power ◽  
Labour Law ◽  
Industrial Environment ◽  
The Past ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Labour Legislation ◽  
Employment Legislation

Over the past two decades, industrial relations scholarship has observed a trend towards an increasingly punitive industrial environment along with the ‘re-regulation’ of labour law. Absent from much of this literature, however, has been an empirical and historical measurement or comparison of the scale and quality of this systemic change. By surveying coercive and penal federal industrial legislation over the period 1901–2020, this study shows empirically that over the last 40 years, there has been a steep increase in the amount of coercive federal labour legislation in Australia. It further measures and compares the volume of coercive labour legislation enacted specifically against ‘labour’ and ‘capital’ or both throughout the same period (1901–2020). Analysis reveals a correlation between a high volume of coercive labour legislation with low levels of trade union power and organisation. Argued here is that coercive labour legislation has been crucial to transitioning from a liberal conciliation and arbitration model of Australian industrial relations towards a neoliberal framework of employment legislation. In the former, regulation was more collective, informal and egalitarian (embodied by the sociological concept of ‘associative democracy’). Under a neoliberal framework, regulation is now more individualised, technical, punitive and rarely enforced, resulting in less equal material outcomes.

scholarly journals MP16: Quality of work life among nurses and physicians in Québec rural emergency departments

CJEM ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 19 (S1) ◽  
pp. S70
Author(s):  
R. Fleet ◽  
G. Dupuis ◽  
M. Mbakop-Nguebou ◽  
P.M. Archambault ◽  
J. Plant ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rural Communities ◽  
Career Path ◽  
Working Hours ◽  
Small Towns ◽  
Work Life ◽  
Quality Of Work Life ◽  
Recruitment And Retention ◽  
Quality Of Work ◽  
Nurses And Physicians

Introduction: Recruitment and retention of healthcare staff are difficult in rural communities. Poor quality of work life (QWL) may be an underling factor as rural healthcare professionals are often isolated and work with limited resources. However, QWL data on rural emergency (ED) staff is limited. We assessed QWL among nurses and physicians as part of an ongoing study on ED care in Québec. Methods: We selected EDs offering 24/7 medical coverage, with hospitalization beds, in rural or small towns (Stats Canada definition). Of Québec’s 26 rural EDs, 23 (88%) agreed to participate. The online Quality of Work Life Systemic Inventory (QWLSI, with 1 item per 34 “life domains”), was sent to all non-locum ED nurses and physicians (about 500 potential participants). The QWLSI is used for comparing QWL scores to those of a large international database. We present overall and subscale QWL scores as percentiles (PCTL) of scores in the large database, and comparisons of nurses’ and physicians’ scores (t test). Results: Thirty-three physicians and 84 nurses participated. Mean age was 39.8 years (SD=10.1): physicians=37 (7.7) and nurses=40.9 (10.7). Overall QWL scores for all were in the 32nd PCTL, i.e. low. Nurses were in the 28th PCTL and physicians in the 44nd (p>0.05). For both groups, QWL was below the 25th PCTL i.e. very low, for “sharing workload during absence of an employee”, “working equipment”, “flexibility of work schedule”, “impact of working hours on health”, “possibility of being absent for familial reasons”, “relations with employees”. The groups differed (p<0.05) on only two subscales: remuneration and career path. For remuneration, scores were similar on fringe benefits (nurses 22nd PCTL, physicians 32nd) and income security (nurses 72nd, physicians 74th), but differed on income level (nurses 74th, physicians 93rd). The groups differed on all 3 career path items: advancement possibilities (nurses 53th, physicians 91st), possibilities for transfer (nurses 51nd, physicians 84th) and continuing education (nurses 18th, physicians 49th). Conclusion: Overall QWL among rural ED staff is poor. Groups had similar QWL scores except on career path, with physicians perceiving better long-term prospects. Given difficulties in rural recruitment and retention, these findings suggest that QWL should be assessed in rural and urban EDs nationwide.

Comparing collective bargaining agreements for developing countries

2015 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 86-102 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janna Besamusca ◽  
Kea Tijdens
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Collective Bargaining ◽  
Working Hours ◽  
Collective Bargaining Agreement ◽  
Web Based ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Paid Leave ◽  
Collective Agreements ◽  
Country Comparison ◽  
Work Family

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to fill several knowledge gaps regarding the contents of collective agreements, using a new online database. The authors analyse 249 collective agreements from 11 countries – Benin, Brazil, Ghana, Indonesia, Kenya, Madagascar, Peru, Senegal, Tanzania, Togo, Uganda. The authors research to what extent wage and other remuneration-related clauses, working hours, paid leave arrangements and work-family arrangements are included in collective agreements and whether bargaining topics cluster within agreements. Design/methodology/approach – The authors use the web-based WageIndicator Collective Bargaining Agreement Database with uniformly coded agreements, that are both collected and made accessible online. The authors present a quantitative multi-country comparison of the inclusion and contents of the clauses in the agreements. Findings – The authors find that 98 per cent of the collective agreements include clauses on wages, but that only few agreements specify wage levels. Up to 71 per cent have clauses on social security, 89 per cent on working hours and 84 per cent of work-family arrangements. The authors also find that collective agreements including one of these four clauses, are also more likely to include the other three and conclude that no trade off exists between their inclusion on the bargaining agenda. Research limitations/implications – Being one of the first multi-country analyses of collective agreements, the analysis is primarily explorative, aiming to establish a factual baseline with regard to the contents of collective agreements. Originality/value – This study is unique because of its focus on the content of collective bargaining agreements. The authors are the first to be able to show empirically which clauses are included in existing collective agreements in developing countries.

scholarly journals Immediate Care of Open Extremity Fractures: Where Can We Improve?

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Walton ◽  
J. Manara ◽  
S. E. Elamin ◽  
I. Braithwaite ◽  
E. Wood
Keyword(s):  
Acute Care ◽  
Bone Fractures ◽  
Working Hours ◽  
District General Hospital ◽  
Open Fractures ◽  
Care Staff ◽  
Long Bone ◽  
Initial Management ◽  
Clinical Consequences

Clear guidelines are set by the British Orthopaedic Association (BOA) and British Association of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgeons (BAPRAS) on the preoperative management of open fractures. This as well as the clinical consequences of poor management of open fractures means the patient workup for surgery is important as well as the timing of surgery. Experience suggests few patients are managed 100% as per the guidelines and we look to test this hypothesis. A retrospective analysis was undertaken of all open long bone fractures (total 133), excluding hand injuries, which presented to a district general hospital over a 5-year period. The implementation of 7 defined key tasks for initial management was recorded. 101 cases were eligible, with the majority of cases (71.4%) having initial orthopaedic assessment outside normal working hours. The mean number of tasks completed was 3.23/7. Assessment out of hours was associated with less tasks being implemented but doctor seniority and the presence of polytrauma made no difference to the quality of acute care. Staff involved in the acute care of open fractures require targeted education to improve the delivery of initial preoperative care. We recommend that other centres assess their performance against this data.

Ensuring social guarantees and human rights for the implementation of the labour legislation of the Republic of Kazakhstan

2020 ◽  
pp. 315-335
Author(s):  
Anarkhan R. Kuttygalieva ◽  
Yermek A. Buribayev ◽  
Bakhytkali M. Koshpenbetov ◽  
Gakku N. Rakhimova ◽  
Zhanna A. Khamzina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Labour Market ◽  
Analytical Method ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Safety Standards ◽  
Collective Agreements ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Labour Legislation ◽  
And Control ◽  
Labour Regulation

The relevance of the study is determined by the fact that in order to improve the legislation of the country, it is necessary to study the successful experience of other countries. The purpose of the study is to propose a number of measures that will help improve labour legislation in Kazakhstan. The work uses primarily the analytical method. It is determined by the fact that apart from statutory labour protection rules, some safety standards are contained in collective agreements that speci-fy and sometimes supplement relevant legislative provisions. The paper states the fact that it is necessary to factor in world experience in organizing and operating a system of supervision and control over compliance with labour legislation for the Republic of Kazakhstan. The novelty of the study is that with a study of the legislation on labour regulation in Western countries, the authors identify a number of measures that will be relevant for implementation in the Republic of Kazakhstan. The practical significance of the study is determined by the incompatibility of iso-lation from the outside world, including from the international labour market with objectives of development.

Prospects for the development of normmaking using information technologies

2020 ◽  
Vol 70 (2) ◽  
pp. 115-119
Author(s):  
A.B. Sadvakasov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Public Administration ◽  
State Policy ◽  
Information Technologies ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Economic Relations ◽  
Legal Norms ◽  
New Information ◽  
Rule Making ◽  
Consistent Approach

A consistent approach to improving the quality of draft of normative legal acts contributes to the development of socio-economic relations in the country, reducing bureaucratic procedures and generally improves public administration. The quality of rule-making and its effectiveness largely determine the implementtion of a particular state policy task. Kazakhstan has created all conditions for the development of legislation and its improvement. Moreover, measures are being taken to introduce new information technologies to adjust existing legal norms. The article describes the existing system of state rulemaking, as well as the prospects for using new technologies.

scholarly journals KECENDERUNGAN ANAK MENJADI PELAKU DAN KORBAN BULLYING DITINJAU DARI KUALITAS KELEKATAN DENGAN IBU YANG BEKERJA

2014 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Sri Wahyuni & Yulita Kurniawaty Asra
Keyword(s):  
Working Mothers ◽  
Working Hours ◽  
Lower Grade ◽  
Attachment Quality ◽  
Bullying Behavior ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Victims Of Bullying

Bullying has become a serious problem in schools and occurs in all countries. The purpose of this study is to see the tendency of children to be actors and victims of bullying in terms of quality of attachment with working mothers. The subjects were 336 students (175 male and 161 female) who have working mothers. The results showed that students who have a low quality of attachment with the mother who works has the tendency to be actors and victims of bullying than students who have a high attachment quality. Students in higher classes tend to bullying than students in lower grade, and boys were also higher tendency to bullying than girls. For mothers working hours, there was no difference in bullying behavior. While the tendency to be a victim, there is no difference based on class and gender. However, mothers who have longer working hours make children easily become victims of bullying

scholarly journals The modern law-making process: structure and main problems

2021 ◽  
Vol 39 (69) ◽  
pp. 605-614
Author(s):  
Mikhail B. Rumyantsev ◽  
Vladislav Yu. Turanin ◽  
Sergey Yu. Sumenkov ◽  
Marina G. Smirnova ◽  
Esita E. Ganaeva
Keyword(s):  
Standard Setting ◽  
The State ◽  
Dialectical Method ◽  
Legal Norms ◽  
State And Society ◽  
Process Structure ◽  
Theoretical Foundations ◽  
Law Making ◽  
Main Factor

Through the dialectical method the objective of the article was to analyze the process of the elaboration of modern laws, considering their structure and main problems. There is a major structure and problems inherent in the modern law-making process described in the article. The structure of law-making comprises four parts: 1. Cognitive-analytical part; 2. Theoretical foundations of the legal norms and acts they dictate; 3. Validation of legal act or norm; 4. Monitoring of relevant rules and legal acts. The main legislative task is to draft legal norms that stimulate the active development of all parts of the State and society through a deep perception of all related processes, including those involving standard-setting. It is concluded that the main factor affecting the quality of legislation is the lack of a uniform legislative basis for the issuance of legal acts. There seems to be a real need to develop a uniform legislative act on the law-making process. The Code containing general and specific parts of each law must be developed.

scholarly journals Productivity Analysis Of Filling Machine With The Objective Matrix (OMAX) Method

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 32-39
Author(s):  
Katrin Sinaga ◽  
Kevin Lie ◽  
Nico Williams ◽  
Theresia Sunarni
Keyword(s):  
Production Line ◽  
Manufacturing Industry ◽  
Working Hours ◽  
Productivity Analysis ◽  
Productivity Measurement ◽  
Productivity Level ◽  
Increase In Productivity ◽  
Productivity Ratio

A Factory is a manufacturing industry that produces tea drinks in cups. A Factory is also inseparable from problems related to machine/equipment productivity. Based on the results of observations made at A Factory part of the production line that there is often a sudden stop of the production process. The discontinuation will affect the quality of the product expected and the production targets to be achieved. The problem was discussed in this research is how much the productivity level of the filling production department is, how much the production effectiveness, effective working hours, the number of defective products, and machine downtime criteria. The productivity measurement method used is the Objective Matrix (OMAX) method, so the steps of this study refer to OMAX steps, which is the criteria determination/productivity ratio of the production line, the calculation of the productivity ratio value, the calculation of the initial standard score (score 3), The determination of the goal (score 10) and the lowest score (score 0), the determination of weight, the calculation of value/criteria value, the determination of productivity value for each period, determination of index percentage. With the OMAX method, it can be seen that in period 11 (compared to period 10) there was an increase in productivity, this can be seen because the IP value (Index of Performance) which is positive (+) is 27.79 and there is an increase in the value of the calculation at the time of measurement (current) from 383.36 to 300. This increase was due to an increase in the value of all criteria.

scholarly journals Evidence based medicine? Access to information & medicines regulation in New Zealand

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Amy Hill
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Regulatory Regime ◽  
Pharmaceutical Companies ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Access To Information ◽  
The Public ◽  
The World ◽  
Medicines Regulation ◽  
Based Medicine

<p>This paper explores one very important issue in the regulatory regime for medicines in New Zealand and around the world- the deficit of information about medicines available to doctors, patients and independent researchers. Much of the information about safety, efficacy and quality of drugs is held and controlled by pharmaceutical companies and regulators. The public is entitled to this information in full.</p>

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