scholarly journals Status of vibrants in modern phonology and phonetics

2019 ◽  
pp. 219-226
Author(s):  
O. M. Keba
Keyword(s):  
Spectral Characteristics ◽  
Acoustic Properties ◽  
Acoustic Features ◽  
Oral Speech ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Functional Units ◽  
Comprehensive Study ◽  
Experimental Phonetics

The article is devoted to the study of vibrant sounds / vibrants. Modern linguistics is characterized by the desire to study the sound functional units of oral speech, which ensure the adequacy of perception of content and the effectiveness of communication. Figuring out the nature of vibrant sounds (vibrants) belongs to the most debatable issues of general phonetics. They have always attracted the attention of phonetists and have become the subject of numerous studies. The main characteristic of the vibrants is the presence of one or more instant interruptions during the release of air. For the formation of vibrant sounds are crucial movementsof the language muscle. The system of vibrants of each language is characterized by a set of specific articulatory and acoustic features. Language tradition defines one or another phonetic characteristic of the phoneme, which is part of the language. The question of the nature of vibrant sounds can be solved only with a detailed comprehensive study of their physiological, acoustic and spectral characteristics using modern possibilities of experimental phonetics. The study of the physiological and acoustic properties of such sounds is necessary to obtain their correct phonological interpretation.

scholarly journals Evaluación del discurso narrativo en pacientes con daño cerebral leve

2012 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 61
Author(s):  
Ana María Cachón
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Single Case ◽  
Speech Analysis ◽  
Recovery Stage ◽  
Language Therapist ◽  
Speech Evaluation ◽  
Mild Brain Injury ◽  
Oral Speech ◽  
The Subject

In clinical practice there are few test that language therapist can use for the oral speech evaluation. The battery that has been frecuently used for the aphasia assessment, doesn´t usually give us this type of data, and when it happens, it is just a global description of the language of the subject, which doesn't make possible a detailed pursuit of the evolution. The relevance of linguistic production´s assessment becomes more evident in the study of patients with mild injury as well as when patient is in an advanced recovery stage. An assessment without a speech analysis uses to overestimate the subject's capacities and usually ends in an incomplete and inadequate intervention. The aim of the present work was to review different studies that include the narrative speech as part of the assessment, and to explore, with the study of a single case, some applications in this kind of studies for language evaluation in mild brain injury patients.

scholarly journals FEATURES AND PROBLEMS OF THE POLITICAL AND VALUE CONTENT OF THE POLICY OF INTERETHNIC HARMONY

2020 ◽  
Vol 65 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
E.R. Akpayeva ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Personal Development ◽  
Political Process ◽  
Social Groups ◽  
National Policy ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Internal Factors ◽  
Important Means ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Comprehensive Study

The article reveals in more detail the features and problems of regulation of the processes of formation and development of interethnic harmony in the context of state policy of Kazakhstan. It is shown that the regulation of the formation of interethnic consent of Kazakhstan should be considered as a national and political process, during which the influence of both external and internal factors of personal development of each of them should be taken into account. The article also notes that in the process of modernization of the Kazakh society, the regulation of interethnic harmony between them acts as the most important means of implementing the ideas and principles of the national policy of the Republic of Kazakhstan. The practice of Kazakhstan shows that only the subject of regulation of interethnic harmony, which is well aware of the requirements of an integrated approach, is able to be guided by them in their educational activities, is able to effectively regulate the process of formation and development of interethnic harmony. At the same time, a comprehensive study of the characteristics of different social groups of people, nationalities and skillful account of the identified features in working with them is necessary.

scholarly journals Vowel and Sibilant Production in Noise: Effects of Noise Frequency and Phonological Similarity

2020 ◽  
Vol 63 (4) ◽  
pp. 1002-1017
Author(s):  
Kevin J. Reilly
Keyword(s):  
Spectral Characteristics ◽  
Noise Signal ◽  
Phonological Similarity ◽  
Vowel Duration ◽  
Acoustic Features ◽  
Noise Effects ◽  
Word Position ◽  
Noise Frequency ◽  
Word Discrimination ◽  
Speech Clarity

Purpose This study investigated vowel and sibilant productions in noise to determine whether responses to noise (a) are sensitive to the spectral characteristics of the noise signal and (b) are modulated by the contribution of vowel or sibilant contrasts to word discrimination. Method Vowel and sibilant productions were elicited during serial recall of three-word sequences that were produced in quiet or during exposure to speaker-specific noise signals. These signals either masked a speaker's productions of the sibilants /s/ and /ʃ/ or their productions of the vowels /a/ and /æ/. The contribution of the vowel and sibilant contrasts to word discrimination in a sequence was manipulated by varying the number of times that the target sibilant and vowel pairs occurred in the same word position in each sequence. Results Spectral noise effects were observed for both sibilants and vowels: Responses to noise were larger and/or involved to more acoustic features when the noise signal masked the acoustic characteristics of that phoneme class. Word discrimination effects were limited and consisted of only small increases in vowel duration. Interaction effects between noise and similarity indicated that the phonological similarity of sequences containing both sibilants and/or both vowels influenced articulation in ways not related to speech clarity. Conclusion The findings of this study indicate that sensorimotor control of speech exhibits some sensitivity to noise spectral characteristics. However, productions of sibilants and vowels were not sensitive to their importance in discriminating the words in a sequence. In addition, phonological similarity effects were observed that likely reflected processing demands related to the recall and sequencing of high-similarity words.

scholarly journals A Systematic Study of the Best Fitting Line Problem

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giorgio Gambirasio
Keyword(s):  
Center Of Mass ◽  
Vertical Axis ◽  
Absolute Error ◽  
Optimization Method ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Absolute Value ◽  
Meeting Point ◽  
Best Fitting ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Comprehensive Study

AbstractThe classical approach for tackling the problem of drawing the 'best fitting line' through a plot of experimental points (here called a scenario) is the least square process applied to the errors along the vertical axis. However, more elaborate processes exist or may be found. In this report, we present a comprehensive study on the subject. Five possible processes are identified: two of them (respectively called VE, HE) measure errors along one axis, and the remaining three (respectively called YE, PE, and AE) take into consideration errors along both axes. Since the axes and their corresponding errors may have different physical dimensions, a procedure is proposed to compensate for this difference so that all processes could express their answers in the same consistent dimensions. As usual, to avoid mutual cancellation, errors are squared or taken in their absolute value. The two cases are separately studied.In the case of squared errors, the five processes are tested in many scenarios of experimental points, both analytically (using the software Mathematica) and numerically (with programs written on Python platform employing the Nelder-Mead optimization method). The investigation showed the possible existence of multiple solutions. Different answers originating from different starting points in Nelder?Mead correspond to solutions revealed by analytic search with Mathematica. For each scenario of experimental points, it was found that the best lines of the five processes intercept at a common point. Furthermore, the point of intercept happens to coincide with the 'center of mass' of the scenario. This fact is described by stating the existence of an empirical 'Meeting Point Law'. The case of absolute errors is only treated numerically, with Nelder?Mead minimizer. As expected, the absolute error option shows greater robustness against outliers than the square error option, for all processes. The Meeting Point Law is not valid in this case.By taking the value of minimized error as a criterion, the five processes are compared for efficiency. On average, processes PE and AE, that consider errors along both axes, resulted in the smallest minimized error and may be considered the best processes. Processes that rely on errors along a single axis (VE, HE) stay at the second place. In all cases, YE is the process that results in the largest minimized errors

scholarly journals PENGGUNAAN KLAUSA RELATIF PADA PEMBELAJAR BIPA DI UNIT PELAKSANA TEKNIS (UPT) BAHASA UNIVERSITAS SEBELAS MARET SURAKARTA

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 45
Author(s):  
Anggun Melati Sari ◽  
Andayani Andayani ◽  
Sumarlam Sumarlam
Keyword(s):  
Relative Clause ◽  
Grade Level ◽  
Relative Clauses ◽  
Advanced Technique ◽  
Academic Scholarship ◽  
Mastery Level ◽  
Oral Speech ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Level Of Difficulty ◽  
Foreign Speakers

Anggun Melati Sari1, Andayani2, Sumarlam31Universitas Sebelas Maret [email protected] 2Universitas Sebelas Maret [email protected] 3Universitas Sebelas Maret [email protected]  AbstractThis study aimed to describe the use of relative clauses Indonesian learners for Foreign Speakers (BIPA) grade-level academic scholarship at the Technical Implementation Unit (UPT) Language of Sebelas Maret University. The subject matter is the form of the use of relative clauses and the types of errors in relative clause. The data used in this study is the form of oral’s data and writing’s data. The data derived from the oral-speech BIPA’s learners in which there is relative clause while the writing’s data derived from the sentences in BIPA learner’s essay in which there is relative clause. The data were analyzed using agih methods and advanced technique of agih methods. The results of this study indicate that the use of relative clauses in BIPA learners using the perelative words “yang”. Acquisition of the relative clauses that relativize the thermic elements and errors in the relative clause that removes the noun element occupying the highest level as well as describe the highest degree of mastery in relative clauses. This study concluded that the form of the use of relative clause also describe the mastery level of difficulty of each type of relative clause learners BIPA.Keywords: clause, relative clause, Indonesian for foreign speakers (BIPA)

scholarly journals INTERNATIONAL AND NATIONAL LEGAL GUARANTEES FOR INVESTMENT ACTIVITIES IN UZBEKISTAN

THE BULLETIN ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 389 (1) ◽  
pp. 252-259
Author(s):  
N. Kh.-A. Rakhmonkulova
Keyword(s):  
Investment Activity ◽  
Foreign Investors ◽  
Bilateral Agreements ◽  
Legitimate Interests ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Legal Mechanism ◽  
Constituent Elements ◽  
First Time ◽  
Comprehensive Study

The article analyzes international and national guarantee investment activities on the territory of the Republic of Uzbekistan and discusses the issues of the implementation of the rights and legitimate interests of foreign investors using legal guarantee obligations in the national legislation of Uzbekistan. The aim of the study is to study the international mechanism for guaranteeing the repatriation of foreign investors, a comprehensive analysis of the most important international legal mechanisms in this area. The scientific novelty of the research is determined by the fact that the raised problem became for the first time the subject of a special comprehensive study. The author carries out research based on a significant number of international legal acts in the field of international legal guarantees for investment activities, constituent documents of intergovernmental organizations-subjects of international law, conducts a comparative analysis of various aspects of guarantees for investment activities. The novelty of the article is also enhanced by the fact that the author studies in detail the problems of correlation between the international legal and national legal mechanisms for guaranteeing investment activity. In the article, based on the analysis of international legal material, for the first time are investigated: - the international legal mechanism for guaranteeing investment activities, its constituent elements; the operation of multilateral and bilateral agreements in this area; -national legal mechanism for guaranteeing investment activities; To achieve this goal, taking into account the designated subject of research, the following results were obtained in the work: • International legal guarantees have been studied and a legal description to them has been given; • The main aspects of interaction between the international and national legal mechanism for guaranteeing investment activity have been identified;

Acoustic Features of Rhesus Vocalizations and Their Representation in the Ventrolateral Prefrontal Cortex

2007 ◽  
Vol 97 (2) ◽  
pp. 1470-1484 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yale E. Cohen ◽  
Frédéric Theunissen ◽  
Brian E. Russ ◽  
Patrick Gill
Keyword(s):  
Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Acoustic Properties ◽  
Acoustic Features ◽  
Ventrolateral Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Communication Signals ◽  
First Order ◽  
Natural Stimuli ◽  
Spectrotemporal Receptive Field ◽  
Auditory Objects

Communication is one of the fundamental components of both human and nonhuman animal behavior. Auditory communication signals (i.e., vocalizations) are especially important in the socioecology of several species of nonhuman primates such as rhesus monkeys. In rhesus, the ventrolateral prefrontal cortex (vPFC) is thought to be part of a circuit involved in representing vocalizations and other auditory objects. To further our understanding of the role of the vPFC in processing vocalizations, we characterized the spectrotemporal features of rhesus vocalizations, compared these features with other classes of natural stimuli, and then related the rhesus-vocalization acoustic features to neural activity. We found that the range of these spectrotemporal features was similar to that found in other ensembles of natural stimuli, including human speech, and identified the subspace of these features that would be particularly informative to discriminate between different vocalizations. In a first neural study, however, we found that the tuning properties of vPFC neurons did not emphasize these particularly informative spectrotemporal features. In a second neural study, we found that a first-order linear model (the spectrotemporal receptive field) is not a good predictor of vPFC activity. The results of these two neural studies are consistent with the hypothesis that the vPFC is not involved in coding the first-order acoustic properties of a stimulus but is involved in processing the higher-order information needed to form representations of auditory objects.

A comprehensive study of mechanical and acoustic properties of selective laser melting material

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudia Barile ◽  
Caterina Casavola ◽  
Vincenzo Moramarco ◽  
Paramsamy Kannan Vimalathithan
Keyword(s):  
Selective Laser Melting ◽  
Acoustic Properties ◽  
Laser Melting ◽  
Melting Material ◽  
Comprehensive Study

Handel's Recomposed Return Arias and Romantic Attraction in Alexander Balus

2016 ◽  
Vol 69 (3) ◽  
pp. 651-698
Author(s):  
David Ross Hurley
Keyword(s):  
Romantic Attraction ◽  
Ternary Form ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Comprehensive Study

Among the various formal structures employed in the arias of Handel's oratorios is a ternary form in which the last section is newly written, rather than being a verbatim repeat of the first section, as in the ubiquitous da capo aria. This form, for which I propose the term “recomposed return aria,” is rarely mentioned by scholars, and has never been the subject of a comprehensive study, despite its considerable aesthetic interest. In this article I focus on Handel's use of the recomposed return aria, exploring in particular the array of recapitulatory designs that it encompasses, and the reasons why Handel may sometimes have chosen this form instead of the regular da capo. I then turn to the oratorio Alexander Balus, as a case study through which to show how the compositional freedom intrinsic to the recomposed return aria allows for the portrayal of various aspects of erotic attraction experienced by the protagonists.

Qazaq tіlіn ekіnshі tіl retіnde oqytýdyń zamanaýı ádіsterі [The Modern Methods of Teaching Kazakh as a Second Language]

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (117) ◽  
pp. 80-90
Author(s):  
Q. Qadasheva ◽  
◽  
U.O. Asanova ◽  
A.Q. Myrzahanova ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Second Language ◽  
Language Teaching ◽  
Cognitive Activity ◽  
Government Employees ◽  
Social Categories ◽  
Social Sphere ◽  
The Social ◽  
Oral Speech ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Effective Use

The extension of the social sphere of the state language, the increase of people number with the different social categories (government employees, entrepreneurs, politicians, foreigners, students, etc.) aspiring to study language, currently testify to the relevance of Kazakh language teaching as a second language.The rational use of technical means, the effective use of language modern teaching in the process of teaching Kazakh as a second language, helps to enhance the learning and cognitive activity of the student and increase interest in the subject. The article discusses the direct, consciously practical, audiolinguistic, audiovisual, suggestopedical methods of Kazakh language teaching and studies other methods of oral speech teaching and lesson examples are presented. Бүгінгі таңда мемлекеттік тілдің қоғамдық қызметі аясының кеңеюі, тілді үйренуге ынталы, әлеуметтік дәрежесі әр түрлі адамдардың көбеюі (мемлекеттік қызметшілер, бизнесмендер, саясаткерлер, шетелдіктер, студенттер және т.б.) қазақ тілін екінші тіл ретінде оқытудың өзекті екендігін айғақтай түседі. Қазақ тілін екінші тіл ретінде оқыту барысында техникалық құралдарды ұтымды қолданып, тілді оқытудың заманауи тәсілдерін тиімді пайдалану – тіл үйренушінің оқу-танымдық әрекетін белсендіріп, пәнге қызығушылығын арттыруға мүмкіндік туғызады. Мақалада қазақ тілін оқытуда тура, саналы-практикалық, аудиолингвалды, аудиовизуалды, суггестопедия және т.б. ауызша сөйлеуге үйрету әдістері қарастырылып, сабақ үлгілерінен өрнектер беріледі.

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