scholarly journals Peculiarities of Perception of the Concept Identity in the Chilean Language Picture of World

Author(s):  
Sabina Sіechina

The article is devoted to the study of the formation of the linguistic picture of the world of Chile, the features of lexical composition and culturally significant vocabulary of the modern Chilean national version of the Spanish language. The fragment of the Chilean national conceptosphere, represented by the concept IDENTITY, and its ethnospecifics is analyzed, the analysis of the main extralingual factors of formation of worldviews of Chileans and historical preconditions of formation of the specified concept in modern Chilean linguistic culture is carried out.

2012 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 121-141 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. OLIVA ◽  
J. I. SERRANO ◽  
M. D. DEL CASTILLO ◽  
Á. IGESIAS

AbstractSMS language presents special phenomena and important deviations from natural language. Every day, an impressive amount of chat messages, SMS messages, and e-mails are sent all over the world. This widespread use makes important the development of systems that normalize SMS language into natural language. However, typical machine translation approaches are difficult to adapt to SMS language because of many irregularities that are shown by this kind of language. This paper presents a new approach for SMS normalization that combines lexical and phonological translation techniques with disambiguation algorithms at two different levels: lexical and semantic. The method proposed does not depend on big annotated corpus, which is difficult to build and is applied in two different domains showing its easiness of adaptation across different languages and domains. The results obtained by the system outperform some of the existing methods of SMS normalization despite the fact that the Spanish language and the corpus created have some features that complicate the normalization task.


2018 ◽  
Vol 215 (1) ◽  
pp. 159-176
Author(s):  
Dr. Ahmed Hamid Shalyan

This study focuses on monitoring the development in the lexical composition of the modern Russian language lexical-semantic digits pluraliatantum nouns and nouns, mostly used in the plural form. The material of the study used the book "Dictionary of new words." During the analysis it was found that the process of appearance of words and pluraliatantum nouns, is used mainly in the form of plural. numbers can be considered active and continuous, on the one hand, characterizes the category of plural nouns in the structure as a strong, mnogoznamenatelnuyu category, on the other hand, once again convinces us of the inseparable, mutually connection of language and society. Political and economic reforms in Russia, have occurred in recent decades, the expansion of ties in all areas with other countries of the world are reflected in the lexical composition of these units, their semantics and education


Author(s):  
Irvin Raul Lopez Contreras ◽  
Alejandra Mendoza Carreón ◽  
Jorge Rodas-Osollo ◽  
Martiza Concepción Varela

The quantity of information in the world is increasing every day on a fast level. This fact will be an obstacle in some situations; text summarization is involved in this kind of problem. It is used to minimize the time that people spend searching for information on the web and in a lot of digital documents. In this chapter, three algorithms were compared; all of them are an extractive text summarization algorithm. Popular libraries that influence the performance of these kinds of algorithms were used. It was necessary to configure and modify these methods so that they work for the Spanish language instead of their original one. The authors use some metrics found in the literature to evaluate the quality and performance of these algorithms.


2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 66-91
Author(s):  
Estefanía Flores Acuña
Keyword(s):  

Lexicographical resources for the Italian-Spanish language combination are not as numerous as those found in other combinations, particularly as far as specialised lexicography is concerned. Against this background, this paper aims to present some of the most recent Italian-Spanish lexicographical resources with the purpose of reflecting on their contribution to solving the problems encountered in specialised translation training. With this aim in mind, the paper focuses on the world of Fashion, one of the main thematic areas tending to generate texts which are usually translated from Italian into Spanish.


Author(s):  
Rafael Onieva Palomar

La lengua española es estudiada por millones de personas en todo el mundo, dada su gran importancia en la sociedad actual. Sin embargo, los diccionarios no son aprovechados al máximo, por los estudiantes ya que, generalmente, estos usan el diccionario bilingüe durante toda su trayectoria de aprendizaje. Además, estos cuentan con el beneplácito de los docentes, a pesar de la existencia de otras obras lexicográficas que se adaptan mejor a las diferentes etapas que existen en el aprendizaje de un idioma extranjero. Palabras clave: español como lengua extranjera, lexicografía, diccionario bilingüe, diccionario de aprendizaje. Learning Spanish as a foreign language: the importance of using the right dictionary The Spanish language is learnt by millions of people all around the world, due to its great importance in the current society. However, students do not take full advantage of dictionaries, since, generally, they only use bilingual dictionaries throughout their whole learning process. Besides, teachers green-light their usage, even though there are other dictionaries that may adapt in a better way to the different stages that exist when learning a foreign language. Keywords: Spanish as a foreign language, lexicography, bilingual dictionary, monolingual learner’s dictionary.


2019 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rafael Onieva Palomar

La lengua española es estudiada por millones de personas en todo el mundo, dada su gran importancia en la sociedad actual. Sin embargo, los diccionarios no son aprovechados al máximo, por los estudiantes ya que, generalmente, estos usan el diccionario bilingüe durante toda su trayectoria de aprendizaje. Además, estos cuentan con el beneplácito de los docentes, a pesar de la existencia de otras obras lexicográficas que se adaptan mejor a las diferentes etapas que existen en el aprendizaje de un idioma extranjero. Palabras clave: español como lengua extranjera, lexicografía, diccionario bilingüe, diccionario de aprendizaje. Learning Spanish as a foreign language: the importance of using the right dictionary The Spanish language is learnt by millions of people all around the world, due to its great importance in the current society. However, students do not take full advantage of dictionaries, since, generally, they only use bilingual dictionaries throughout their whole learning process. Besides, teachers green-light their usage, even though there are other dictionaries that may adapt in a better way to the different stages that exist when learning a foreign language. Keywords: Spanish as a foreign language, lexicography, bilingual dictionary, monolingual learner’s dictionary.


Author(s):  
Анна Бахтіна

The article deals with the phonetic system of the Ukrainian and Spanish languages on the example of Spanish translations of poetry “Kobzar” by Taras Shevchenko. This paper investigates the strategies of phonetic and phonemic recombinations of translation, that contribute to the Ukrainian identity reproduction in Spanish. The research states that the reflection of Ukrainian euphony, in particular the language of Taras Shevchenko, excites due to phonetic, grammatical, syntactic and semantic reconstruction of language units. It also determines that the ethnic paradigm encoded into the language worldview of Ukrainians is explicated in Spanish by preserving ethnic symbols in their phonetic and / or lexical and semantic interpretation. Moreover, it states that the reproduction of rhythm and melody in the poetry of T. Shevchenko is fragmentary in Spanish translation. It is possible due to the structural elasticity and the euphony of the Spanish language. The other reason is connected with synthetic origin of Ukrainian and analytical nature of Spanish. It should be mentioned that even though the special selection of the proper vocabulary, which is not similar to syllabic system of the original poems, allows creating close mimic sounding of rhythms in Shevchenko poetry. In fact, the impossible reproduction is observed at the level of letter combination, since the letters in each language of the world have their own emotional and semantic characteristics, dependent on mentality. During the analysis of the syllabic and tone system of original verse writing in Taras Shevchenko poetry and its Spanish translation, a phonetic universality of the writer’s works is discovered, which is characterized by a tonal manifestation.


Author(s):  
Синхуа Ван ◽  
Анна Владимировна Курьянович

Введение. В XXI в. все языки мира претерпевают коренные изменения в своем лексическом составе. В связи с необходимостью номинации новых понятий, явлений и предметов в процессе познания и освоения постоянно изменяющегося окружающего мира лексический фонд языков обогащается за счет возникновения новой лексики, среди которой в достаточном количестве присутствуют жаргонные слова. Молодежный жаргон – интереснейший языковой феномен как в русском, так и в китайском языках, практически параллельно развивающийся в двух совершенно разных языковых системах и лингвокультурах. Материал и методы. Анализируются способы пополнения лексического фонда русского и китайского молодежного сленга в сопоставительном аспекте с учетом фактора обусловленности когнитивными механизмами смыслопорождения в рамках жаргонного фрагмента национальной картины мира. Исследование осуществляется на материале словарной картотеки авторов, а также данных лексикографических источников с опорой на методологию контекстологического, сравнительно-сопоставительного анализа, а также словообразовательного моделирования. Результаты и обсуждение. Выявлены наиболее продуктивные способы обогащения корпуса молодежной лексики в обоих языках. Это метафоризация, аффиксация, иноязычные заимствования. В то же время, в отличие от русского молодежного жаргона, в китайском языке больший удельный вес и лингвокультурную специфику в образовании новых сленговых единиц обнаруживают такие способы, как аббревиация и гомофония. Китайский молодежный социолект обнаруживает специфику и при адаптации иноязычных заимствований. Данные отличия обусловлены типологическими особенностями китайского языка и своеобразием языковой картины мира современной китайской молодежи. Заключение. Полученные в ходе исследования результаты позволяют говорить о совокупном действии в рамках жаргонных подсистем русского и китайского языков как универсальных тенденций в области словопроизводства, так и специфичных для каждого языка путях реализации этих тенденций. Способы пополнения молодежного жаргона в конкретной лингвокультуре обусловлены концептуальным содержанием ее соответствующего фрагмента. Introduction. In the 21st century, all the languages of the world undergo radical changes in its lexical composition. Due to the need to nominate new concepts, phenomena and objects in the process of cognition and development of a constantly changing world, the lexical fund of languages is enriched by the emergence of new vocabulary, among which there are a lot of slang words. Youth jargon is an interesting language phenomenon both in Russian and in Chinese, which is developing almost simultaneously in two completely different language systems and linguistic cultures. Material and methods. The author analyzes the ways of replenishing the lexical fund of Russian and Chinese youth slang in a comparative aspect, taking into account the factor of cognitive mechanisms dependence of meaning generation within the framework of the slang fragment of the national world picture. The study is carried out on the basis of the material of the author’s dictionary files, as well as data from lexicographic sources based on the methodology of contextual, contrastive-comparative analysis, as well as word-formation modeling. Results and discussion. The most productive ways of enriching the corpus of youth vocabulary in both languages are revealed. This is metaphorization, affixation, foreign borrowing. At the same time, unlike Russian youth jargon, in the Chinese language, such methods as abbreviation and homophony reveal a greater specific gravity and linguocultural specifics in the formation of new slang units. The Chinese youth sociolect also reveals specifics when adapting foreign borrowings. These differences are due to the typological features of the Chinese language and the originality of the linguistic picture of the world of modern Chinese youth. Conclusion. The results obtained in the course of the study allow us to talk about the combined action within the framework of the slang subsystems of the Russian and Chinese languages as universal trends in the field of word production, and ways specific to each language to implement these trends. Ways to replenish youth jargon in a particular linguistic culture are determined by the conceptual content of its corresponding fragment.


Author(s):  
Y. V. Slivchikova

In a consequence of the perpetual changes in the world of fashion, which can be explained by the introduction of new tendencies, materials and designers, the vocabulary that describes clothing enlarges by the internal means of the language and with the help of lexical borrowing. The article considers the characteristic usage of terms-eponyms for clothing description in Spanish language. Eponyms complicate the learning of languages and translation being a result of the worldview reflection of a determinate group of people in a determined period of time. As the study sets out to find out and explain the connotative meanings of vestimentary eponyms and suggest an approach for synonyms choice from their family for the discourse purposes, the toponyms are not taken into consideration, and the study concentrates on the anthroponyms, proper nouns which identify people, because they can adjust special connotative meanings to the terms within cultural linguistics context. The author shows the examples of etymology of originally Spanish and borrowed terms. Their comparison allows to make out the principles for the classification, authenticity and internationality amongst them. This classification divides all the vestimentary terms-eponyms into two main groups (neutral and with connotative meaning). Then it is possible to systematize and explain the meaning of the second group. According to the study international borrowed terms-eponyms look to neutrality, but among other synonyms acquire the meaning of elitism. Not international vestimentary terms-eponyms have a special connotative meaning, which is known amongst native speakers, that is why while teaching or translating more attention should be paid to them.


Author(s):  
E. V. Astakhova

The author examines the image of Spain through the megaconcept of fiesta, which determines many aspects of the national and cultural mentality. This concept reflects various vectors of quotidian life, religious and popular holidays with their complicated details and special dramaturgy, penetrates to every day communication and behavior. The research determines such Spanish extralinguistic realities as corrida, tertulia, movida, botellon, indignados, analyses the role of the theater, of "coffee culture", of football and other phenomenons in social life and cognitive space of Spaniards. The knowledge of different aspects of fiesta helps to understand the word potential of Spanish language, its metaphors, and stylistic images. The fiesta as a key word of Spanish linguistic culture, it is full of feelings, which considered being merged in verbal, textual, visual and no verbal dimensions for the exit of intercultural communication.


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