scholarly journals ETHIC-LEGAL IDEAS IN KYIV-MOHYLA ACADEMY IN THE 18TH CENTURY

2019 ◽  
pp. 36-40
Author(s):  
V.V. Semykras
Keyword(s):  
18Th Century ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Necessary Condition ◽  
Spiritual Needs ◽  
Moral Regulation ◽  
Moral Standards ◽  
Christian Culture ◽  
Human Ethics ◽  
Self Knowledge ◽  
Civil Laws

The ethics in the lecture courses of the Kyiv-Mohyla Academy was divided into theoretical and practical parts. The former dealt with the substantiation of a person's place in the world, considered problems of the meaning of life, free will, a degree of a person's responsibility for their actions. The latter pointed to ways and means to determine a destiny, achieve happiness, and developed education system according to the perception of a perfect person. Theophan Prokopovych, professor and rector of the Academy, considered a necessary condition for happiness to obtain a certain level of material well-being since poverty and deprivation are not compatible with happiness. He linked the achievements of this with conscientious work, which he considered to be a duty towards himself, his family, society, and the state. He recognized the benefit as the basis of work along with usefulness, which he considered to be close to virtue in terms of significance, thus giving her a positive moral evaluation. Achievement of happiness, according to Theophan Prokopovych, is possible if a person сomply with natural, moral, civil and God's laws. Natural law makes a person realize the need for work and determines they inclination to a certain kind of it. However, a person must understand what kind of work they are inclined to; this requires the study of their bodily and spiritual needs, that is, self-knowledge. Having known themselves and having discovered the ability for a certain type of labour in themselves, a person works for themselves, their family, society, state. Thus a person obeys moral and civil laws. Introduction to the philosophical course of the section of ethics, though not obligatory for all professors, was at that time necessitated by the desire to rethink the system of human relations in the new historical conditions of Ukraine of the first half of the eighteenth century. human. Ethics becomes an important tool for educating a new person, forming a free personality. Professors do not simply comment and promote moral standards accepted in Christian culture, but seek to study and analyze the authoritative ethical teachings of ancient and European thinkers, trying to give practical guidance on improving man and the moral regulation of society in his time. This tendency was significantly developed and improved by the student of Kyiv-Mohyla Academy, Grigory Skovoroda

scholarly journals Lexeme Glück in German Dictionaries of the 16th — 19th Centuries: Lexicographic Representation and Interpretation of Its Conceptual Content

2021 ◽  
pp. 9-22
Author(s):  
Andrey Ivanov ◽  
◽  
Rimma Ivanova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Social Life ◽  
Semantic Analysis ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
Full Range ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Spiritual Needs ◽  
Semantic Structure ◽  
Middle High German ◽  
13Th Century ◽  
Gradual Evolution

The article discusses the concept “happiness” as represented and interpreted in lexicography. The aim of the study is to compare existing theories about the origin of the word Glück, to trace the development of its semantics from one generalized meaning to a set of meanings that reflects a gradual evolution of people’s ideas about happiness, and to identify ways of representing these ideas by lexicographic means. Using methods of historical-linguistic, compara-tive, etymological, definitional, and semantic analysis, the authors examine German dictionaries and lexicons published in the period from 1513 to 1888 and establish that in those four centuries the concept “happiness,” represented in the German vocabulary by the lexeme Glück, underwent significant transformation, as material and spiritual needs of people kept changing against the background of gradual humanization of their social life, which, in its turn, led to added complexity in the semantic structure of the lexeme Glück that embodies this concept. Descriptions of the lexeme Glück in dictionaries dating from the beginning of the 16th to mid-18th century are very concise due to the type of these dictionaries (nomenclators, translated dictionaries) and do not involve detailed comments on the full range of meanings that the lexeme had. The main elements of the semantic structure of the lexeme are ‘(temporary) well-being,’ ‘bliss,’ ‘luc ,’ and ‘fortune (fate)’ (glu c fall, glu c elig eit, wol tand, zeit-liche Wolfart). Analyzing interpretations of the lexeme Glück in the mid-18th — late 19th century dictionaries, the authors conclude that the semantic structure of the lexeme became more complicated due to philosophical rethinking of the concept and its integrated dissemination through dictionaries. The etymology of the word Glüc is still unclear. It is assumed that the word appeared in the 13th century and retained a neutral meaning until the end of the Middle High German period when a positive connotation began to prevail in the semantics of the word.

scholarly journals Jan Sobieski’s latifundium and the soldiers (1652-1696)

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 62-69
Author(s):  
Magdalena Ujma
Keyword(s):  
Economic Activity ◽  
Military Service ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
Geographic Location ◽  
The State ◽  
Necessary Condition ◽  
Economic Market ◽  
The People ◽  
Actual Strength ◽  
The Military

Abstract An analysis of the relationship between Jan III Sobieski and the people he distinguished shows that there were many mutual benefits. Social promotion was more difficult if the candidate for the office did not come from a senatorial family34. It can be assumed that, especially in the case of Atanazy Walenty Miączyński, the economic activity in the Sobieski family was conducive to career development. However, the function of the plenipotentiary was not a necessary condition for this. Not all the people distinguished by Jan III Sobieski achieved the same. More important offices were entrusted primarily to Marek Matczyński. Stanisław Zygmunt Druszkiewicz’s career was definitely less brilliant. Druszkiewicz joined the group of senators thanks to Jan III, and Matczyński and Szczuka received ministerial offices only during the reign of Sobieski. Jan III certainly counted on the ability to manage a team of people acquired by his comrades-in-arms in the course of his military service. However, their other advantage was also important - good orientation in political matters and exerting an appropriate influence on the nobility. The economic basis of the magnate’s power is an issue that requires more extensive research. This issue was primarily of interest to historians dealing with latifundia in the 18th century. This was mainly due to the source material. Latifundial documentation was kept much more regularly in the 18th century than before and is well-organized. The economic activity of the magnate was related not only to the internal organization of landed estates. It cannot be separated from the military, because the goal of the magnate’s life was politics and, very often, also war. Despite its autonomy, the latifundium wasn’t isolated. Despite the existence of the decentralization process of the state, the magnate families remained in contact with the weakening center of the state and influenced changes in its social structure. The actual strength of the magnate family was determined not only by the area of land goods, but above all by their profitability, which depended on several factors: geographic location and natural conditions, the current situation on the economic market, and the management method adopted by the magnate. In the 17th century, crisis phenomena, visible in demography, agricultural and crafts production, money and trade, intensified. In these realities, attempts by Jan III Sobieski to reconstruct the lands destroyed by the war and to introduce military rigor in the management center did not bring the expected results. Sobieski, however, introduced “new people” to the group of senators, who implemented his policy at the sejmiks and the Parliament, participated in military expeditions and managed his property.

Institutional betrayal in nursing: A concept analysis

2021 ◽  
pp. 096973302199244
Author(s):  
Katherine C Brewer
Keyword(s):  
Organizational Behavior ◽  
Moral Distress ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Concept Analysis ◽  
Ethical Culture ◽  
Negative Events ◽  
Moral Standards ◽  
Conceptual Clarity ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Conceptual Relationships

Background: Ethical relationships are important among many participants in healthcare, including the ethical relationship between nurse and employer. One aspect of organizational behavior that can impact ethical culture and moral well-being is institutional betrayal. Research aim: The purpose of this concept analysis is to develop a conceptual understanding of institutional betrayal in nursing by defining the concept and differentiating it from other forms of betrayal. Design: This analysis uses the method developed by Walker and Avant. Research context: Studies were reviewed using health literature databases with no date restrictions. Ethical considerations: Analysis was conducted using established guidelines for ethical research. Findings: Although institutional betrayal is a concept applied in the literature, there was a paucity of studies exploring the concept within nursing. Examples of the concept in the literature include violation of trust between organization (i.e. employer) and nurse, such as provision of inadequate workplace protections, ineffective or hostile management, and gaslighting of those who experience negative events. Examples of institutional betrayal have become more visible during the COVID-19 pandemic. Discussion: A conceptual definition of institutional betrayal is a deep violation of trust or confidence or violation of moral standards committed by an institution toward a nurse. This definition incorporates experiences and issues suggested by the literature. Outcomes are likely negative, including impacts on nurse psychological and workplace well-being. This concept likely fits within a framework of ethical workplaces and has conceptual relationships with moral distress and moral resilience. Further studies can help qualitatively explore and empirically measure this concept. Conclusion: In the pursuit of improving the ethical culture of healthcare workplaces, this concept can provide meaningful insight into organizational behavior and its consequences. Naming and describing the concept can promote conceptual clarity and equip researchers, nurses, and leaders to identify and mitigate the issue.

Life Review in Pastoral Counseling: Background and Efficacy for Use with the Terminally III

2003 ◽  
Vol 57 (3) ◽  
pp. 281-292 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert G. LeFavi ◽  
Marcia H. Wessels
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Pastoral Counseling ◽  
Life Story ◽  
Terminally Ill ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Life Review ◽  
Systematic Theology ◽  
Spiritual Needs ◽  
Traumatic Death ◽  
Spiritual Assessment

Research continues to confirm that sharing one's life story through the process of life review enhances psychological well-being and increases life satisfaction. Although researchers have outlined techniques and activities that may be used in life review with older adults, little work has focused on the use of life review methods with terminally ill patients. Additionally, researchers have suggested that life review can take on the form of a spiritual assessment; and that such spiritually oriented life reviews may enhance a sense of meaning and foster reconciliation as one approaches dying. In this article, the authors provide a brief review of the research on and the practice of life review. Further, by merging concepts of life review with systematic theology, they offer a sample instrument—using the example of one faith framework—with which pastoral caregivers can better approach the spiritual needs of patients and facilitate a less traumatic death in the terminally ill.

Spiritual issues and needs: Perspectives from patients with advanced cancer and nonmalignant disease. A qualitative study

2004 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 371-378 ◽  
Author(s):  
ELIZABETH GRANT ◽  
SCOTT A. MURRAY ◽  
MARILYN KENDALL ◽  
KIRSTY BOYD ◽  
STEPHEN TILLEY ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Advanced Cancer ◽  
Health Professionals ◽  
Health Care Professionals ◽  
Qualitative Interviews ◽  
Health Resources ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Spiritual Needs ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Self Identity ◽  
Nonmalignant Disease

Objective: Health care professionals and policy makers acknowledge that spiritual needs are important for many patients with life-limiting illnesses. We asked such patients to describe their spiritual needs and how these needs may impinge on their physical, psychological, and social well-being. Patients were also encouraged to explain in what ways their spiritual needs, if they had any, could be addressed.Methods: We conducted two qualitative interviews, 3 months apart, with 20 patients in their last year of life: 13 patients with advanced cancer and 7 with advanced nonmalignant illness. We also interviewed each patient's general practitioner. Sixty-six interviews were tape-recorded, transcribed, and analyzed.Results: Patients' spiritual needs centered around their loss of roles and self-identity and their fear of dying. Many sought to make sense of life in relation to a nonvisible or sacred world. They associated anxiety, sleeplessness, and despair with such issues, which at times resulted in them seeking support from health professionals. Patients were best able to engage their personal resources to meet these needs when affirmed and valued by health professionals.Significance of results: Enabling patients to deal with their spiritual needs through affirmative relationships with health professionals may improve quality of life and reduce use of health resources. Further research to explore the relationship between spiritual distress and health service utilization is indicated.

The feasibility and acceptability of a chaplain-led intervention for caregivers of seriously ill patients: A Caregiver Outlook pilot study

2015 ◽  
Vol 14 (5) ◽  
pp. 456-467 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karen E. Steinhauser ◽  
Annette Olsen ◽  
Kimberly S. Johnson ◽  
Linda L. Sanders ◽  
Maren Olsen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Study Participant ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Spiritual Needs ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Advanced Illness ◽  
Loved One ◽  
Close Family Member ◽  
Seriously Ill Patients ◽  
Participant Screening ◽  
Anxiety Depression

AbstractObjective:When caring for a loved one with a life-limiting illness, a caregiver's own physical, emotional, and spiritual suffering can be profound. While many interventions focus on physical and emotional well-being, few caregiver interventions address existential and spiritual needs and the meaning that caregivers ascribe to their role. To evaluate the feasibility and acceptability of the process and content of Caregiver Outlook, we employed a manualized chaplain-led intervention to improve well-being by exploring role-related meaning among caregivers of patients with a life-limiting illness.Method:We conducted a single-arm pre–post pilot evaluation among caregivers of patients with advanced cancer or amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Caregivers completed three chaplain-led intervention sessions focusing on (1) a relationship review, (2) forgiveness, and (3) legacy. Outcomes administered at baseline and at 1 and 2 weeks after the intervention included quality of life, anxiety, depression, spiritual well-being, religious coping, caregiver burden, and grief.Results:The sample (N = 31) included a range of socioeconomic status groups, and the average age was approximately 60 years. A third of them worked full-time. Some 74% of our participants cared for a spouse or partner, and the other quarter of the sample cared for a parent (13%), child (10%), or other close family member (3%). At baseline, participants did not demonstrate clinical threshold levels of anxiety, depression, or other indicators of distress. Outcomes were stable over time. The qualitative results showed the ways in which Caregiver Outlook was assistive: stepping back from day-to-day tasks, the opportunity to process emotions, reflecting on support received, provoking thoughts and emotions between sessions, discussing role changes, stimulating communication with others, and the anonymity of a phone conversation. Both religious and nonreligious participants were pleased with administration of the chaplain intervention.Significance of results:The acceptability and feasibility of Caregiver Outlook were demonstrated among caregivers of patients with an advanced illness. Our pilot findings suggest minor modifications to study participant screening, interventionist guidance, and the study measures.

scholarly journals Spiritual Diversity, Spiritual Assessment, and Māori End-of-Life Perspectives: Attaining Ka Ea

Religions ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 536
Author(s):  
Holly Nelson-Becker ◽  
Tess Moeke-Maxwell
Keyword(s):  
End Of Life ◽  
Rapid Assessment ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Spiritual Needs ◽  
Assessment Instruments ◽  
Spiritual Values ◽  
Spiritual Assessment ◽  
Contemporary World ◽  
Spiritual Diversity ◽  
Sense Of Satisfaction

The contemporary world is endowed with increasingly diverse spiritual and cultural perspectives, yet little is known about the spiritual concerns and spiritual resilience of Māori from Aotearoa New Zealand at the end of life. A context is provided for the value of spiritual assessment and identification of spiritual needs or concerns. Spiritual concerns and the desire to attain a state of ka ea (fulfillment, gratitude, or peace) may point to interventions, helping activities, or referrals that guide treatment. We reflect on qualitative findings from the 2017–2020 Pae Herenga study of 61 caregiving families, their helping professionals, and religious/spiritual leaders. We explore essential spiritual values and practices that support kaumātua (older tribal people) who have a life-limiting illness in achieving a sense of satisfaction and fulfilment at the end of life. Three themes emerged: the relational is spiritual, the need to live into the future, and value of spiritual end-of-life care. While some scholars have lamented the lack of culturally appropriate rapid assessment instruments, we suggest that a more open-ended assessment guide is better suited to understand key elements of spiritual diversity and spiritual concerns, particularly the spiritual strengths and resources that lead to well-being and even thriving at life’s end. Finally, learning about spiritual diversity can assist others to reconnect to lost meanings and regain a more holistic and centred view of life.

scholarly journals Looking back to the future: The current relevance of Maria Montessori’s ideas about the spiritual well-being of young children

2009 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Virginia Anne Tregenza
Keyword(s):  
Young Children ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Spiritual Needs ◽  
Current Debate ◽  
Spiritual Wellbeing ◽  
Maria Montessori ◽  
Current Thinking ◽  
Spiritual Well Being ◽  
Individual Consciousness ◽  
Educational Thinking

Maria Montessori (1870-1952) was an Italian educator whose ideas and principles have validity in informing, understanding and responding to the challenges faced by contemporary educators . Many of her foundational principles are at the forefront of current educational thinking but are unacknowledged or unknown in mainstream education. It is argued that her ideas and principles about the spiritual wellbeing of young children have validity in the current debate. Montessori saw spirituality as innate in young children, the primary force driving their development and central to their capacity for joyful and deep engagement with their environment. She saw children’s capacity and ability to concentrate deeply as a spiritual pathway to a new level of individual consciousness and connection to the environment. These principles can inform our current thinking, understanding and response to young children’s spirituality. The conditions to bring about, support and protect what Montessori calls ‘concentration’ should be considered in pedagogical responses to the spiritual needs of young children

scholarly journals Factors of psychological well-being of adolescents in the aspect of self-knowledge

2021 ◽  
Vol 122 ◽  
pp. 06004
Author(s):  
Inessa Leonidovna Feldman ◽  
Valery Sergeevich Agapov ◽  
Svetlana Vasilyevna Feoktistova ◽  
Oksana Ivanovna Griboyedova
Keyword(s):  
Well Being ◽  
Internal Factors ◽  
Psychological Well Being ◽  
Successful Communication ◽  
Scientific Opinion ◽  
Specific Factors ◽  
Self Knowledge ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
First Time ◽  
The Relationship

The premise for the present study lies in the lack of a unanimous scientific opinion on the relationship between self-knowledge and psychological well-being. The article presents the results of a study of the factors of psychological well-being of adolescents associated with their self-knowledge. The relevance of the conducted study is due to the need to integrate scientific knowledge on the internal factors contributing to psychological well-being. The scientific novelty is shaped by the fact that adolescents’ self-knowledge in the context of their psychological well-being is understudied and is examined for the first time. The study includes 500 adolescents aged 13-17 years old from schools in Tula, Lipetsk, and Moscow regions. The conducted factor analysis reveals common and specific factors of psychological well-being that are significant for adolescents with varying levels of psychological well-being. The common factors found in the entire sample are the desire for self-reflective analysis, for successful communication, for physical harmony, and for a meaningful perception of one’s future. The specific factors relevant for each group – adolescents with high, average, and low levels of psychological well-being – are also identified. The results of the analysis allow concluding that the psychological well-being of adolescents at different levels of psychological well-being is determined by factors related to self-knowledge. The presented work is of interest for researchers concerned with the problems of adolescents’ psychological well-being, as well as in designing educational programs and projects aimed at improving the psychological well-being of adolescents.

scholarly journals An interactive tool for citizens’ involvement in the sustainable regeneration

Facilities ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 38 (11/12) ◽  
pp. 859-870 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alenka Temeljotov Salaj ◽  
Savis Gohari ◽  
Coline Senior ◽  
Yan Xue ◽  
Carmel Lindkvist
Keyword(s):  
Citizen Participation ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Effective Communication ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Communication Process ◽  
Necessary Condition ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Interactive Tool ◽  
Facility Manager

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to test possibilities of real participation in FM field in response to the energy sustainable demand by using new technologies for better communication. It is acknowledged that the technological innovation is a necessary condition to make a city sustainable, though the challenge is not primarily on technology but on service transformation and improvement. Improving service quality requires the participatory and synergetic processes that attract an extra attention to the social and management aspects of urban planning. Design/methodology/approach This is an evidence-based research, which shows how FM can extent its impact on the build environment and society by bringing the socio-physiological aspect and the community in the central of the planning and design process. Findings An “urban” facility manager, through integration of multiple disciplines in a human-centre approach, can become the enabler and implementer of sustainable urban ecosystem, i.e. balancing social, economic and environmental pillars. This requires central involvement of FM in the planning and decision-making processes; therefore, its role and impact should be enlarged and better communicated. The enlargement of the FM's role initially requires an effective communication with people, whose behavioural change are prerequisite for the sustainability transition. The communication between FM and people should be interactive and iterative, in which they both define problems/needs and co-create the relevant solutions. Research limitations/implications This paper depicts an evidence-based FM practice, in which the website as an interactive tool is co-designed by the “facility management” students and the citizens to contribute to the real citizen participation in an effective communication process. Originality/value The high value for both, citizens and facility manager, is co-created information platform for upgrading the sustainability level and well-being in the communities. The tool is seen as an important starting contribution for the Paris climate agreement, and as a step toward human-centric-oriented urban sustainable regenerating project.

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