scholarly journals Antiepileptic pharmacotherapy is the leading factor in the induced pathomorphosis of epilepsy

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 59-73
Author(s):  
M. G. Amirkhanian
Keyword(s):  
Focal Epilepsy ◽  
Rational Approach ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Antiepileptic Therapy ◽  
Evolutionary Changes ◽  
G 21 ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
History Of

Aim– to elucidate the role of antiepileptic pharmacotherapy in pathomorphosis of focal epilepsy in adult patients.Materials and methods. We examined 91 patients with focal epilepsy (main group, G); among them, 37 (41%) men (M) and 54 (59%) women (W). At the time of the first visit, 82 (90%) of  them [33 (89%) M and 49 (91%) W] were under antiepileptic therapy. The age of patients ranged  from 18 to 78 years (average 37.5 years). The debut of epilepsy was observed at the ages from 4  to 71 years. The duration of the disease ranged from 1 to 52 years, with the average of 16.1 years. All patients were then followed up for 1 to 2.5 years. Clinical and neurological examinations were  conducted in all patients; laboratory and instrumental diagnostic tests were used if indicated. The  medical history of patients was analyzed from the onset of epilepsy; if needed, new therapies were  prescribed or the existing therapies were modified. The therapeutic efficacy was assessed  using the data from the daily-seizures diary. The differences between the groups were tested for  their significance using the Chi-square test or the exact Fisher test if there were less than five  observations in the group. Results.Only 47 (52%) patients of group G [21 (57%) M and 26 (48%) W] received an antiepileptic therapy from the debut of the disease; the therapy was then adjusted in 41 (45%)  cases [19 (51%) M and 22 (41%) W (р>0.05)]. Of the 82 patients receiving therapy at the time of  examination, 37 (45%) received the basic, 20 (24%) – the updated, and 24 (29%) – a  combination of the basic and updated AED; in about 2% of cases, a combination with the 1st  generation drugs was prescribed. Monotherapy was used in 45 (55%), and polytherapy – in 37  (45%) patients. Of the 19 patients taking KBZ as the starting monotherapy, 10 (52%) received the drug in the non-prolonged form, twice a day. Relapse after long-term remission (12 months or  more) in 80% of cases was associated with changes in the AED regimen. Side effects were  observed in 43 (52%) patients under the treatment [15 (45%) M and 28 (57%) W]. Among those,  who underwent MRI examination, structural epileptogenic changes were detected in 37 (54%)  patients [21 (72%) M and 16 (40%) W (p<0.05)]. Comorbidity and the associated co-therapy were detected in 88% M and 90% W who were >50 years old.Conclusion. Antiepileptic pharmacotherapy is a leading factor that induces evolutionary changes in the clinical and neurophysiological picture of epilepsy. With a timely and rational approach, the  use of AED allows for creating favorable development of pathomorphosis of the disease. Full  patients awareness of the AED therapeutic regimens and the associated risks may increases the  compliance, reduce the risk of decompensation and improve the prognosis of epilepsy.

scholarly journals Miniplate removal in operated cases of maxillofacial region in a dental institute in Rajasthan, India

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pulkit Khandelwal ◽  
A Bhagavandas Rai ◽  
Bipin Bulgannawar ◽  
Nilay Vakaria ◽  
Hemal Sejani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Age Group ◽  
Maxillofacial Region ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Time Gap ◽  
Routine Removal ◽  
Term Management ◽  
Test Correlation

Background. The long term management of miniplate fixation osteosynthesis remains debatable and controversial with few authors advocating routine removal of the miniplates after 3-6 months of placement, while others recommend retention of the miniplates unless their removal is clinically indicated. Objective. The aim was to study the incidence, indications, time gap, role of metallic composition and site of removal of miniplates in operated cases of maxillofacial region over a two-year period. Methods. Patients undergoing removal of miniplates over 2-year period were studied and evaluated regarding the number of miniplates removed, time gap present between fixation and removal of miniplates, indications for removal, metallic composition of miniplates removed, sites of removal and complications. Correlations between indications for miniplate removal based upon time gap, metallic composition, age group and number of miniplates present were determined using Chi-square test. Correlation between metallic composition of miniplate and time gap was also determined using Chi-square test. Results. The miniplates were removed in 20 patients (16 males and 4 females). Most common indication for removal was infection (45%). Forty-five percent of the patients underwent miniplate removal within 1 year of placement. Thirty-four miniplates and 118 screws were removed. The correlation between indications for miniplate removal and time gap was found to be statistically significant (P = 0.04). Conclusion. Most of the hardware removal is performed subsequent to complications associated with hardware and local factors play more important role than metallic composition. Routine asymptomatic miniplates do not require removal and is not recommended.

scholarly journals Role of Bevacizumab in High-grade Meningiomas

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xuexue Bai ◽  
xiangyu wang ◽  
Yiyao Cao
Keyword(s):  
Progression Free Survival ◽  
Rank Test ◽  
High Grade ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Free Survival ◽  
Log Rank Test ◽  
Peritumoral Brain Edema ◽  
Chi Square Test

Abstract Background: To explore the role of bevacizumab (BV) in High-grade Meningiomas (HGMs) undergoing surgical treatment.Methods: Review the clinical data of 139 patients with HGMs and divide them into BV group and non- BV group according to whether they receive BV treatment. Then we compared the progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) of the two groups.Results: The Chi-square test showed significant differences between the BV group and the non-BV group in terms of 12-month PFS (PFS-12), 36-month PFS (PFS-36), median PFS (M-PFS), 12-month OS (OS-12), 36-month OS (OS-36), and median OS (M-OS). However, there was no statistical difference between the BV group and the non-BV group in terms of 6-month PFS (PFS-6), 60-month PFS (PFS-60), and 60-month OS (OS-60). The log-rank test indicated significant differences in PFS and OS between the BV group and the non-BV group.Conclusion: The role of BV in patients with HGMs is to relieve the symptoms of peritumoral brain edema (PTBE) and prolong PFS and OS. However, whether increasing the dose of BV after surgery can improve the long-term PFS and OS of patients with HGMs needs further research.

scholarly journals Assessment of role of consanguinity in formation of cleft lip and cleft palate

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (SPL3) ◽  
pp. 1027-1031
Author(s):  
Joshini Shanmugam ◽  
Senthil Murugan P ◽  
Suresh V
Keyword(s):  
Cleft Palate ◽  
Cleft Lip ◽  
Cleft Lip And Palate ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Consanguineous Marriages ◽  
Cleft Lip Palate ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
History Of ◽  
Autosomal Recessive Diseases

Consanguinity is considered a significant factor in autosomal recessive diseases; it has also been associated with congenital anomalies such as hydrocephalus, polydactilia and Cleft Lip and Palate deformities. The risk of congenital conditions is higher in subjects born of first degree consanguineous parents compared with those of non-consanguineous marriages. The aim of this study is to evaluate the prevalence of consanguinity with formation of cleft lip/ cleft palate formation in Tamil, Telugu population. This is a retrospective study. The details of 86,000 patient records were reviewed and analysed, out of which 76 patients who had undergone surgical treatment for cleft lip and cleft palate deformities between June 2019 to march 2020 were included in this study. The details like age, gender, family history and cleft diagnosis were evaluated and entered in SPSS and analysed through a chi-square test. It was observed that 11% of patients reported with history of consanguineous marriages which was associated with formation of cleft lip/palate. Within the limits of the study, it was concluded that consanguinity had a significant role in formation of cleft lip/cleft palate.

scholarly journals ROLE OF HEPATITIS B AND HEPATITS C VIRUS COINFECTION IN TB DEVELOPMENT

2017 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 19
Author(s):  
Pudji Lestari ◽  
Ivan Rahmatullah ◽  
Dwi Susanti
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Female Respondent ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Case Group ◽  
Hepatitis C Infection ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
History Of

Tuberculosis developed differently in each individual. The role of HIV in the disease development is widely known unlike the role of Hepatitis B and Hepatitis C infection. Therefore, this study is aimed at to describe the role of those co-infections in the TB development. The study employed observational – case control design with two groups, case and control group. Data collection include TB condition, whether latent or manifest, and history of Hepatitis B and Hepatitis C co-infection. The study successfully recruited the total of 32 respondents in each group. At the case group, the number of male and respondent is 19 and 13. Meanwhile, at the control group the number male respondent is 10 and the female respondent is 22. The study found that 20 and 12 respondents were positive Hepatitis B at the case and the control group. Chi-square test resulted significant different between two groups (P=0.0455 and a =0.05) with odd ratio p=0.479. Meanwhile, the study only tested one respondent with positive Hepatitis C at case group and one at control group. Comparison analysis found no significant different between groups (P=1 and a =0.05). This study reveals that TB patients are more likely to have history of Hepatitis B 2.7 times than those at the control group with the same infection but without TB development. Therefore, the possibility of Hepatitis B co-infection has role in the TB manifestation, but not for Hepatitis C co-infection.

Breastfeeding practices among mothers of infants in Peringara Panchayat in Pathanamthitta District

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (01) ◽  
Author(s):  
Aswathy S. ◽  
Lakshmi M. K.
Keyword(s):  
Exclusive Breastfeeding ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Breastfeeding Practices ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Type Of Delivery ◽  
Initiation Of Breastfeeding

The study was aimed to assess the breastfeeding practices among mothers of infants in Peringara Gramapanchayat in Kerala. Study was a community based cross-sectional study among mothers of infants in Peringara gramapanchayat using a pretested questionnaire. 142 breastfeeding mothers of infants in Peringara gramapanchayat were studied and mothers who were not present at home during the study were excluded from the study. Study period consisted of 18 days between December 2015 and January 2016. Study variables includes type of delivery, initiation of breastfeeding, breastfeeding practices and role of ASHAs in promoting good breastfeeding practices. Statistical analysis was done using Pearson’s Chi-square test and T test. The study found that exclusive breastfeeding has been done by 68.3% of mothers. There is no practice of giving pre-lacteal feed, 95.8% of mothers have given colostrum to the new born. Statistically significant association was found between the type of delivery and time of initiation of breastfeeding (p less than 0.05). Time of initiation of breastfeeding was prolonged in case of Caesarean section. 49.3% of mothers have breastfed the baby within one hour. 55.6% of mothers were informed about importance of breastfeeding by ASHAs and only 20.4% of mothers were informed about period of exclusive breastfeeding and period of complimentary feeding by ASHAs.

scholarly journals Association of cervical carcinogenesis risk with HPV16 E6 and E7 variants in the Taizhou area, China

BMC Cancer ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mei-Zhen Dai ◽  
Yi Qiu ◽  
Xing-Hong Di ◽  
Wei-Wu Shi ◽  
Hui-Hui Xu
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Cervical Carcinogenesis ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Major Health Problem ◽  
Hpv16 E6 ◽  
Exact Test ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
E6 And E7

Abstract Background Human papillomavirus (HPV) type 16 accounts for a larger share of cervical cancer and has been a major health problem worldwide for decades. The progression of initial infection to cervical cancer has been linked to viral sequence properties; however, the role of HPV16 variants in the risk of cervical carcinogenesis, especially with longitudinal follow-up, is not fully understood in China. Methods We aimed to investigate the genetic variability of HPV16 E6 and E7 oncogenes in isolates from cervical exfoliated cells. Between December 2012 and December 2014, a total of 310 single HPV16-positive samples were selected from women living in the Taizhou area, China. Sequences of all E6 and E7 oncogenes were analysed by PCR-sequencing assay. Detailed sequence comparison, genetic heterogeneity analyses and maximum-likelihood phylogenetic tree construction were performed with BioEdit Sequence Alignment Editor and MEGA X software. Data for cytology tests and histological diagnoses were obtained from our Taizhou Area Study with longitudinal follow-up for at least 5 years. The relationship between HPV16 variants and cervical carcinogenesis risk was analysed by the chi-square test or Fisher’s exact test. Results In this study, we obtained 64 distinct variation patterns with the accession GenBank numbers MT681266-MT681329. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that 98.3% of HPV16 variants belong to lineage A, in which the A4 (Asian) sublineage was dominant (64.8%), followed by A2 (12.1%), A1 (11.4%), and A3 (10.0%). The A4 (Asian) sublineage had a higher risk of CIN2+ than the A1–3 (European) sublineages (OR = 2.69, 95% CI = 1.04–6.97, P < 0.05). Furthermore, nucleotide variation in HPV16 E6 T178G is associated with the development of cervical cancer. Conclusion These data could provide novel insights into the role of HPV16 variants in cervical carcinogenesis risk in China.

scholarly journals Microbial Colonization and their Relation with Potential Cofactors in Patients with Denture Stomatitis

2012 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 456-459 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bhushan Arun Jawale ◽  
Rahul Redasani ◽  
Lalit Chaudhari ◽  
Narendra Chopde ◽  
Amol Pharande ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mucous Membrane ◽  
Microbial Colonization ◽  
Microbiological Analysis ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Carbohydrate Ingestion ◽  
Denture Stomatitis ◽  
Dietary History ◽  
Salivary Ph ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
History Of

ABSTRACT Aim To determine microbial prevalence in the mucous membrane and prosthesis of denture wearers with and without denture stomatitis and to study its relationship with potential clinical cofactors. Materials and methods Saliva was collected from 200 patients (100 female and 100 male) wearing dental prosthesis for measurement of pH. Oral samples of the mucous membrane and of dentures were taken with sterile swab for microbiological analysis. Medical and dietary history of the subjects was recorded. Chi-square test and analysis of varience were used for statistical analysis. Results Diabetes, hypertension and high carbohydrate ingestion was observed in majority of patients. The pH average in saliva was of 5.1. The presence of C. albicans, S. aureus and S. mutans in the mucous membrane was of 55.4, 56.4 and 63.6% respectively. C. albicans was isolated in 69.7% from the prosthesis, whereas S. aureus and S. mutans were isolated in 45.3%. The isolation of C.albicans was more frequent in patients with deture stomatitis. Conclusion C. albicans, S. aureus and S. mutans frequently colonize the oral mucous of denture wearers. This is more frequently observed in patients with denture stomatitis. Clinical significance Denture stomatitis is associated to Candida albicans, different bacteria and other cofactors, such as salivary pH, carbohydrate ingestion, systemic illnesses and medication. How to cite this article Chopde N, Jawale B, Pharande A, Chaudhari L, Hiremath V, Redasani R. Microbial Colonization and their Relation with Potential Cofactors in Patients with Denture Stomatitis. J Contemp Dent Pract 2012;13(4):456-459.

scholarly journals Leadership and Motivation as Important Aspects of the International Company’s Corporate Culture

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 3916
Author(s):  
Ingrida Košičiarová ◽  
Zdenka Kádeková ◽  
Peter Štarchoň
Keyword(s):  
Corporate Culture ◽  
Rank Correlation ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Exact Test ◽  
Main Research ◽  
Leadership Motivation ◽  
Kendall Rank Correlation ◽  
Friedman's Test ◽  
Chi Square Test

Although the issue of corporate culture has been taken over and addressed in the literature from various perspectives, there are very few researchers about the role of leadership and motivation in it, respectively very few researchers have addressed them as important components of the international company’s corporate culture. The present paper aims to point out that leadership and motivation can be perceived as important aspects of the international company’s corporate culture. The object of the investigation was an international company (situated in Italy) and its five subsidiaries (situated in Italy, Czech Republic, Germany, and Turkey). As the main research method, there was chosen the method of the questionnaire survey, which was attempted by all the company’s employees (totally 270 respondents). The questionnaire was divided into three separate, but logically related parts—leadership, motivation, and corporate culture, and submitted to two groups of respondents—the company’s management and its employees. In total 11 hypotheses were formulated and further evaluated by the methods of Pearson Chi-square Test, Fisher’s Exact Test, Cramer’s V coefficient, Kendall rank correlation coefficient, Eta coefficient, Spearman coefficient, Mann–Whitney U test and Wilcoxon W statistics, Kruskal–Wallis test, and Friedman’s test. The results of the research have proven that leadership and motivation are important parts of the corporate culture.

Effects of long-term chloroquine administration on the natural history of aortic aneurysms in mice

2015 ◽  
Vol 93 (8) ◽  
pp. 641-648 ◽  
Author(s):  
Azza Ramadan ◽  
Mark D. Wheatcroft ◽  
Adrian Quan ◽  
Krishna K. Singh ◽  
Fina Lovren ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Natural History ◽  
Thrombus Formation ◽  
Aortic Aneurysms ◽  
Ang Ii ◽  
Abdominal Aortic ◽  
Suprarenal Aorta ◽  
History Of ◽  
Categorical Distribution

Autophagy regulates cellular homeostasis and integrates the cellular pro-survival machinery. We investigated the role of autophagy in the natural history of murine abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAA). ApoE−/− mice were implanted with saline- or angiotensin II (Ang-II)-filled miniosmotic pumps then treated with either the autophagy inhibitor chloroquine (CQ; 50 mg·(kg body mass)–1·day–1, by intraperitoneal injection) or saline. Ang-II-elicited aneurysmal expansion of the suprarenal aorta coupled with thrombus formation were apparent 8 weeks later. CQ had no impact on the incidence (50% for Ang-II compared with 46.2% for Ang-II + CQ; P = NS) and categorical distribution of aneurysms. The markedly reduced survival rate observed with Ang-II (57.1% for Ang-II compared with 100% for saline; P < 0.05) was unaffected by CQ (61.5% for Ang-II + CQ; P = NS compared with Ang-II). CQ did not affect the mean maximum suprarenal aortic diameter (1.91 ± 0.19 mm for Ang-II compared with 1.97 ± 0.21 mm for Ang-II + CQ; P = NS). Elastin fragmentation, collagen accumulation, and smooth muscle attrition, which were higher in Ang-II-treated mice, were unaffected by CQ treatment. Long-term CQ administration does not affect the natural history and prognosis of experimental AAA, suggesting that global loss of autophagy is unlikely to be a causal factor in the development of aortic aneurysms. Manipulation of autophagy as a mechanism to reduce AAA may need re-evaluation.

scholarly journals Between communism and capitalism: long-term inequality in Poland, 1892–2015

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paweł Bukowski ◽  
Filip Novokmet
Keyword(s):  
Household Survey ◽  
National Accounts ◽  
Capital Income ◽  
Sharp Rise ◽  
Long Run ◽  
History Of ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Distribution Of Income

AbstractWe construct the first consistent series on the long-term distribution of income in Poland by combining tax, household survey and national accounts data. We document a U-shaped evolution of inequalities from the end of the nineteenth century until today: (1) inequality was high before WWII; (2) abruptly fell after the introduction of communism in 1947 and stagnated at low levels during the whole communist period; (3) experienced a sharp rise with the return to capitalism in 1989. We find that official survey-based measures strongly under-estimate the rise in inequality since 1989. Our results highlight the prominent role of capital income in driving the U-shaped evolution of top income shares. The unique inequality history of Poland speaks to the central role of institutions and policies in shaping inequality in the long run.

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