scholarly journals The Problem of the Meaning of Life: Philosophical and Psychological Content and Research Perspectives

2015 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 86-99 ◽  
Author(s):  
V.S. Kubarev
Keyword(s):  
Personality Development ◽  
Meaning Of Life ◽  
Psychological Research ◽  
Basic Error ◽  
Ideal Object ◽  
Research Perspectives ◽  
Ideal Form ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Psychological Knowledge ◽  
The Ideal

The paper analyzes the problem of the meaning of life in a single conceptual framework grounded in philosophical/religious and psychological knowledge. It reveals the philosophical/religious and psychological con¬tent of the problem: the former is defined in terms of the meaning of life as a sign/symbolic unit of initial experience, while the latter — in terms of the ideal form of an event in personality development, which is considered an existential structure of personality represented in the form of affective and meaning constructs and initial symbols. The paper criticizes existing psychological studies on meanings of life for their basic error of conceptual substitution of the ideal object of research: the meaning of life as the ideal form is replaced with eudemonic attitude and regarded as the real form. The paper concludes that perspectives of psychological research into the meaning of life which would take into account its philosophical/religious content lie at the junction of explorations of the meaning of life and explorations of reflective activity of the subject of consciousness solving the task of finding the meaning.

What is the Sense of Life, and How Can We Study It? Review of the monograph: Sources of the sense of life. A new method of personality psychodiagnostics, by K.V Karpinskij

2021 ◽  
pp. 228-234
Author(s):  
V.A. Mazilov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Meaning Of Life ◽  
Psychological Research ◽  
Diagnostic Techniques ◽  
New Method ◽  
Methodological Issues ◽  
New Techniques ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Diagnostic Research ◽  
Diagnostic Complex

The article is a review of the book "Sources of the meaning of life: a new method of personality psychodiagnostics" by the Belarusian psychologist K.V. Karpinskij. It is argued that the meaning of life became the subject of special psychological research only in the 20th century. In recent years, there have been many breakthroughs in this area, and undoubted progress is visible. There was a transition to the interpretation of the meaning of life as a systemic, that means, in other words, multicomponent and multilevel mental education. In his previous works K.V. Karpinskij subjected the problem of the psychology of the meaning of life to a comprehensive analysis. This book has no analogues among the observable thematic literature and contains new theoretical ideas, original methodological solutions and rich factual material, which together form a new look at the key methodological issues of the psychology of the meaning of life. First of all, this is a question about the subject and method of research. Despite the fact that the study of the psychology of the meaning of life is largely represented in foreign psychology, the author of the monograph consistently adheres to the methodology of Russian psychology. The book offers the author's methodology "Sources of the meaning of life", which was created with a full understanding of the advantages and disadvantages, opportunities and limitations of existing foreign analogues. Being a diagnostic complex in its composition, this technique has incorporated proven diagnostic techniques, as well as completely new techniques for studying the meaning of life. The methodology clearly surpasses the existing tools in its diagnostic (research) capabilities.

scholarly journals Strategies and Tactics: The Politics of Subsistence in Berlin, 1770–1850

2004 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
pp. 435-453
Author(s):  
Dietlind Huüchtker
Keyword(s):  
Urban Culture ◽  
New Order ◽  
Poor Relief ◽  
Self Administration ◽  
Reform Policy ◽  
Ideal Object ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Poor Women ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Ideal

The possibilities that poor women and men had for earning a living were oriented not only around income and professional opportunities, but around the practical competencies they possessed in an urban culture of beseeching and begging. The reform policy of the state, which sought to integrate poor-relief officials and members of the almsgiving middle class into the poor-relief administration, was directed against “politics on the street”. The introduction of municipal self-administration promoted an institutionalization of poor-relief policy that excluded woman on the basis of their sex. In the stereotypical discourses of the era, images of the “poor mother” and the “loose wench” became symbols of a new poor-relief policy. As someone who begged, the “poor mother” was the subject of a culture of beseeching and begging; as the wretched mother abandoned by her husband, she became the ideal object of an institutionalized poor-relief policy. The stylization of women as passive victims and the exclusion of women from municipal institutions worked together to establish a new order of charity.

The person as co‐investigator in personality research

1991 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 199-216 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hubert J. M. Hermans ◽  
Han Bonarius
Keyword(s):  
Important Implication ◽  
Active Role ◽  
Psychological Research ◽  
Personality Psychology ◽  
Personality Research ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Gains And Losses ◽  
The Ideal

In this paper, arguments are presented for considering the subject as co‐investigator in personality research. A review of current research methods suggests that personality psychology is well on its way to recognizing the individual as an expert on his or her own self and situation. This means that the subject should also be allowed to take a much more active role in psychological research. It is argued that the ideal methodology for accomplishing this integration of the individual into psychological research is to establish a dialogue between psychologist and subject, allowing each to contribute to the scientific process from his or her own perspective and on the basis of his or her own expertise. The present approach calls for greater emphasis on the organization and coherence of personality as a system, greater openness and sensitivity to the particular world of the individual, and an even more dynamic conception of individuality than is currently found in our field. An important implication of the open system approach advocated in this article, the reduced role of prediction in personality research, is discussed and, finally, a preliminary list of expected gains and losses is presented.

KONSTRUKSI ISLAM DALAM KEKUASAAN NEGARA

1970 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nurul Aini Musyarofah
Keyword(s):  
Islamic Law ◽  
Social Condition ◽  
The Other ◽  
Good Society ◽  
Ideal Form ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Islamic Politics ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The Ideal

The relationship between Islam and state raises a controversy that includes two main groups;formalists and substantialists. Both of them intend to achieve a good social condition which is inaccordance with Islamic politics. The ideal form of good society to be achieved is principallydescribed in the main source of Islamic law, Al Qur’an and As Sunnah, as follows. A form of goodsociety should supprot equality and justice, egalitarianism, and democracy in its social community.The next problem is what the needed methods and instruments to achieve the ideal Islamic politicsare. In this case, the debate on the formalization and substance of Islamic teaching is related to therunning formal political institution.Each group claims itself to be the most representative to the ideal Islam that often leads to anescalating conflict. On the other hand thr arguments of both groups does not reach the wholeMuslims. As a result, the discourse of Islam and state seems to be elitist and political. As a result,Both groups suspect each other each other and try to utilize the controversy on the relationshipbetween Islam and state to get their own benefit which has no relation with the actualization ofIslamic teaching.

The ideal object of transmission

1991 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-101 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yifat Hachamovitch
Keyword(s):  
Ideal Object ◽  
The Ideal

The Activities of the Tube Feet of Asterias Rubens L

1947 ◽  
Vol s3-88 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
J. E. SMITH
Keyword(s):  
Forward Direction ◽  
The Other ◽  
Asterias Rubens ◽  
Ideal Form ◽  
First Time ◽  
Intrinsic Musculature ◽  
Tube Feet ◽  
Postural Muscles ◽  
The Ideal

1. An account is given of the muscular anatomy of the foot and ampulla of Asterias rubens. An intrinsic musculature of the sucker figured by Cuénot (1891) and Chadwick (1923) is shown not to be present; on the other hand, postural muscles responsible for orientating the podium, levator fibres which ‘cup’ the sucker, and radial fibres which flatten it are described and figured for the first time. 2. The role of the different muscle systems, the collagen connective tissue, and the fluid of the hydrocoel in protracting and retracting the foot, and in effecting the attachment and detachment of the sucker, is discussed. 3. Evidence is presented, to show that postural pointing of the foot is brought about by the contraction of a ring of muscles encircling the base of the podium. The orienting muscles are functionally, but not anatomically, distinct from the longitudinal fibres of the retractor sheath. 4. The ambulatory step is shown to comprise a series of linked phases of static posture and of movement. Each phase is characterized by the contraction of one member of each of the two opposing pairs of muscles engaged in the development of the step. The two pairs of muscles are (1) the anterior and posterior orienting fibres, and (2) the protractors and retractors of the foot. In its ideal form the step comprises four phases of static posture alternating with four movements. Each movement is ushered in by a reversal of the contraction-relaxation relationships of one of the two pairs of opposing muscle systems. Four such changes are possible and they occur in a sequence that ensures the orderly succession of the four movements of protraction, swing back, retraction, and swing forward, of which movements the idealized stepping cycle is composed. 5. The actual locomotory step departs from the ideal form in two respects: (1) it is liable to become disrupted by a delay in the initiation of the protraction or of the backswing movement, and (2) withdrawal of the podium occurs simultaneously with its re-orientation in the forward direction. It is pointed out that these variations are explicable on the assumption that, in the two series of opposing muscle pairs, the retractor fibres are more readily excited to contract than are their antagonists, and the anterior postural muscles than the posterior postural fibres.

PASSIVE IMMUNIZATION

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1963 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 599-609
Author(s):  
Geoffrey Edsall
Keyword(s):  
Diphtheria Toxin ◽  
Gamma Globulin ◽  
Passive Immunization ◽  
Gas Gangrene ◽  
High Antibody ◽  
Antibody Titers ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Guiding Principles ◽  
Routine Procedures ◽  
The Ideal

Passive immunization has existed for over 70 years, ever since Von Behring and Kitasato demonstrated its effectiveness in neutralizing diphtheria toxin. In fact, at first glance one might think that there was little new to say on this subject. However, the very fact that its concepts and practices have been so long accepted and–in the minds of many–have fallen into the pattern of purely routine procedures, is in itself sufficient justification to re-examine the subject. In addition, moreover, there have been a number of changes in the range of diseases for which passive immunization may be employed, the type of antiserum used, and the guiding principles for use of such preparations. Therefore, it may be timely to deal with some of the present considerations that apply to passive immunization, its prospects, its scope, and its limitations. At the risk of repeating old and familiar cliches it appears desirable to summarize, at first, the guiding principles which apply to the effectiveness (or ineffectiveness) of passive immunization. First of all, it is well established that some techniques of passive immunization are highly effective–e.g., diphtheria prophylaxis with antitoxin; some are very useful but fall short of the ideal of routine success with the purpose intended–e.g., the use of gamma-globulin for the modification of measles; whereas others are of relatively uncertain value so that their usefulness in medical practice still continues to be debated–e.g., gas gangrene antitoxin. The reasons for such great disparity in the efficacy of different antisera cannot easily be put into generalizations, but surely the varied pathogenesis of the diseases in question must be a major factor, as well as the fact that high antibody titers can readily be obtained for some such sera, whereas they are difficult or impossible to achieve with others.

scholarly journals Categorization and Conceptualization of Space in Descriptive Text

2020 ◽  
pp. 27-39
Author(s):  
Y. N. Varfolomeeva
Keyword(s):  
Frame Analysis ◽  
Sensory Systems ◽  
Spatial Relationships ◽  
Scientific Paradigm ◽  
Verb Classes ◽  
Lexical Semantic ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Psychological Knowledge ◽  
Spatial Semantics

The relevance of the article is due to the importance of studying spatial semantics in the new scientific paradigm. The possibility of studying genre varieties of description (description-landscape, description-interior, description-portrait, description of the subject) using frame analysis is indicated in the article. Considerable attention is paid to the classification of spatial verb description predicates. It is noted that the unflagging interest in verbal units in modern linguistics, with unsteady classification grounds, different numbers of distinguished verb classes and terminological differences in describing the object, indicates the need to compile a classification of verb predicates based on the principles of linguocognitology. The study of the semantics of verb predicates of descriptive text, the identification of integrating and differential seme, contributing to the isolation of various lexical-semantic groups of verb predicates and building the patterns implemented in the description of spatial relationships appears to be significant. The attention is focused on the need to integrate linguistic, physiological and psychological knowledge in the study of the predicative component of a descriptive text. Such integration is embodied in the idea of spatial discrimination through all sensory systems and the division of spatial predicates into units of visual, auditory, olfactory, tactile, taste and undifferentiated perception. It is established that in the case of using predicates of intermodal semantics, spatial significance is realized in terms of “proximity” / “remoteness” of the source objects of the corresponding sensations.

scholarly journals Radicalisation of Adolescents and Youth: In Search of Explanations

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 32-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.D. Tikhonova ◽  
N.V. Dvoryanchikov ◽  
A. Ernst-Vintila ◽  
I.B. Bovina
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Main Part ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
Integral Characteristic ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Social Psychological ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Psychological Knowledge ◽  
Different Levels

The main purpose of the presented article is to reveal the potential of social psychological knowledge for the analysis of radicalisation of young people. In the introduction, the features of socialisation in the modern world are discussed. Special attention is drawn to the role of the Internet in the socialisation of adolescents and young people. It is noted that the dominance of audiovisual information contributes to the reduction of reflexivity and promotes the so-called clip thinking, which has become an integral characteristic of adolescents and young people. It is emphasized that life in the modern society is associated with a number of changes taking place simultaneously at different levels, and uncertainty has become its important feature. Extremism and radicalisation are considered as a reaction to uncertainty, a way to overcome it. The main part of the article is devoted to the analysis of models of radicalization describes in various works. Finally, perspectives of further investigation into the subject are outlined.

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