scholarly journals Traits of antisocial personality of juvenile offenders

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 79-91
Author(s):  
V.O. Starikova ◽  
M.G. Debolskiy ◽  
D.S. Oshevsky
Keyword(s):  
Juvenile Offenders ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
Antisocial Personality ◽  
Adolescent Offenders ◽  
Psychological Techniques ◽  
Dsm 5 ◽  
Icd 10 ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Individual Specificity

The article presents the results of an empirical study of the so-called traits of an «antisocial personality» in juvenile offenders. In the educational colony of the PKU, the Aleksinsky VK of the UFSIN of Russia in the Tula region and the GSPU "Financial College No. 35" in Moscow, 28 convicts and 17 teenagers with conditional-normative behavior were examined. To describe the individual characteristics that characterize the traits of «antisocial personality», a set of psychological techniques (tests and questionnaires) is selected. A survey map is drawn up, which includes parameters relating to the history of the life of adolescent offenders. It is shown that juvenile convicts are marked by a number of traits that can be considered as predictors of unlawful behavior. In accordance with the foreign medical classifiers (ICD-10, DSM-5) and structured evaluation methods (PCL-R), they are designated as traitsof an «antisocial personality». The individual specificity of the traitsof the «asocial personality» has been determined.

scholarly journals PAVLO HOLUBEV’S VOCAL PEDAGOGY IN MODERN ART EDUCATION

2020 ◽  
pp. 167-171
Author(s):  
Anatolii MARTYNIUK ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Vocal Pedagogy ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
Educational Process ◽  
Scientific Study ◽  
History Of ◽  
Musical Traditions ◽  
Vocal Art ◽  
Methodological Principles ◽  
Creative Talent ◽  
The Individual

Introduction. The modern vocal pedagogy is based on the methodological principles of domestic and foreign vocal pedagogy, thorough study of the musical traditions of the Ukrainian people. The issue of preserving the traditions of Ukrainian vocal art and the use of innovative ideas in further development is extremely important. The comprehensive analysis of P.V.Holubev’s artistic and pedagogical activities allows to significantly expand the idea of the the artist' work an at the same time realize its importance for the Ukrainian musical art. The artist left great achievements in the history of the national vocal school, contributing to the process of its formation and development. The purpose of the article is highlighting of vocal pedagogy of the outstanding Ukrainian artist, Professor P.V. Holubev. The methods of analysis of musical and pedagogical activity of Kharkiv singer, teacher, Professor P. Holubev. Results. Pavlo Holubev’s vocal pedagogy has distinctive features. Under his guidance, students learned not only solo, but also ensemble and choral singing. The individual lessons with students had as their main goal the achievement of equality of voice sound and the detection of unique timbre color of the sound and the gradual expansion of the range of voice in the descending and ascending directions starting from the development of the middle register; formation of a diverse palette of sound filled with overtones; performing interpretation of vocal music. It is revealed that in P. Holubev’s vocal pedagogy the following main content lines are traced: development of vocal skills, abilities; the need to introduce them into the system of teaching vocal methodology, which is based on the scientific study of national and world experience of vocal pedagogy; synthesis and constant updating of vocal methods, which takes into account the student’s individual characteristics of the voice and creative talent. Originality. After analyzing the artistic and pedagogical activity of Professor P. Holubev we can define certain scientific approaches to educational process, namely: 1) axiological approach; 2) personality-oriented approach; 3) creative and activity approach. Conclusions. Thus, analyzing the musical and pedagogical activities of the outstanding singer, teacher, Professor P.V. Holubev, we can conclude that the features of his vocal pedagogy played an important role in the Kharkiv vocal school. Scientific study of the musical and pedagogical experience of P.V. Holubev became the basis of national and world vocal pedagogy.

scholarly journals First-Year Antibiotics Exposure in Relation to Childhood Asthma, Allergies, and Airway Illnesses

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (16) ◽  
pp. 5700
Author(s):  
Zhijun Zou ◽  
Wei Liu ◽  
Chen Huang ◽  
Chanjuan Sun ◽  
Jialing Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Childhood Asthma ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
First Year ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Childhood Health ◽  
History Of ◽  
Household Environment ◽  
One Year ◽  
The Individual

Background: Associations of early antibiotics exposures with childhood asthma, allergies, and airway illnesses are debated. Objectives: We aimed to investigate associations of first-year antibiotics exposure with childhood asthma, allergies, and airway illnesses. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among preschoolers in Shanghai, China during 2011–2012. A questionnaire regarding household environment and lifestyles and childhood health outcomes was reported by the child’s parents. Results: In total, 13,335 questionnaires (response rate: 85.3%) were analyzed and 3049 (24.1%) children had first-year antibiotics exposure. In the multivariate logistic regression analyses, first-year antibiotics exposure had significant associations with the higher odds of lifetime-ever pneumonia (adjusted OR, 95% CI: 2.15, 1.95–2.37), croup (1.46, 1.24–1.73), wheeze (1.44, 1.30–1.60), asthma (1.38, 1.19–1.61), food allergy (1.29, 1.13–1.46), and allergic rhinitis (1.23, 1.07–1.41), and as well as current (one year before the survey) common cold (≥3 times) (1.38, 1.25–1.52), dry cough (1.27, 1.13–1.42), atopic dermatitis (1.25, 1.09–1.43), wheeze (1.23, 1.10–1.38), and rhinitis symptoms (1.15, 1.04–1.26). These associations were different in children with different individual characteristics (age, sex, family history of atopy, and district) and other early exposures (breastfeeding, home decoration, pet-keeping, and environmental tobacco smoke). Conclusions: Our results indicate that first-year antibiotics exposure could be a strong risk factor for childhood pneumonia, asthma, allergies, and their related symptoms. The individual characteristics and other early exposures may modify effects of early antibiotic exposure on childhood allergies and airway illnesses.

scholarly journals Individual vulnerabilities to psychosis after antiepileptic drug administration

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. e000036
Author(s):  
Nozomi Akanuma ◽  
Naoto Adachi ◽  
Peter Fenwick ◽  
Masumi Ito ◽  
Mitsutoshi Okazaki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Family History ◽  
Focal Epilepsy ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
New Drugs ◽  
Individual Vulnerability ◽  
Intellectual Function ◽  
State Dependent ◽  
History Of ◽  
History Of Epilepsy ◽  
The Individual

BackgroundPsychosis often develops after the administration of antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) in patients with epilepsy. However, the individual vulnerability and clinical condition of such patients have been rarely scrutinised. We investigated the effect of individually consistent (trait-dependent) and inconsistent (state-dependent) characteristics.MethodsThe individual characteristics, clinical states and psychotic outcome of patients from eight adult epilepsy clinics were retrospectively reviewed over 6-month periods after a new drug (AED or non-AED) administration between 1981 and 2015.ResultsA total of 5018 new drugs (4402 AEDs and 616 non-AEDs) were used in 2015 patients with focal epilepsy. Subsequently, 105 psychotic episodes (81 interictal and 24 postictal) occurred in 89 patients. Twelve patients exhibited multiple episodes after different AED administrations. Trait-dependent characteristics (early onset of epilepsy, known presumed causes of epilepsy, lower intellectual function and a family history of psychosis) were significantly associated with the patients who exhibited psychosis. Absence of family history of epilepsy was also associated with psychosis but not significantly. Subsequent logistic regression analysis with a model incorporating family history of psychosis and epilepsy, and intellectual function was the most appropriate (p=0.000). State-dependent characteristics, including previous psychotic history and epilepsy-related variables (longer duration of epilepsy, AED administration, higher seizure frequency and concomitant use of AEDs) were significantly associated with psychotic episodes. Subsequent analysis found that a model including AED administration and previous psychotic history was the most appropriate (p=0.000).ConclusionPsychosis occurring after new AED administration was related to the individual vulnerability to psychosis and intractability of epilepsy.

Job Loss: Outplacement Programs

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
William A. Borgen ◽  
Lee D. Butterfield
Keyword(s):  
Career Counseling ◽  
Job Search ◽  
Job Loss ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
Displaced Workers ◽  
Vulnerable Population ◽  
Best Interests ◽  
Outplacement Counseling ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Individual

Outplacement counseling (OPC) is a form of career counseling that organizations offer to displaced workers to help them deal with job loss, develop job search skills, and successfully transition back into employment. Despite the fact this is a multimillion-dollar business, little is known about its effectiveness, whose best interests are being served (the organization’s or the individual recipient’s), and the measures of success being used. This chapter reviews the history of outplacement; typical services offered by OPC firms; measures of success; individual characteristics that increase participation in and success with OPC; what helps, hinders, or would have helped individual recipients; challenges related to OPC; directions for future outplacement counseling research; where OPC stands today; and what is needed for OPC to help the vulnerable population it is intended to serve.

The misuse of alcohol and drugs

2017 ◽  
pp. 563-608
Author(s):  
Paul Harrison ◽  
Philip Cowen ◽  
Tom Burns ◽  
Mina Fazel
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Substance Use ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Dsm 5 ◽  
Alcohol And Drugs ◽  
Substance Use Problems ◽  
Icd 10 ◽  
Problem Drug Use ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Problem Drug

‘Misuse of alcohol and drugs’ covers the clinical and scientific aspects of substance misuse and dependence, including definitions and classifications in ICD-10 and DSM-5, as well as the important issue of comorbidity with other psychiatric disorders (‘dual diagnosis’). The first section covers alcohol use problems, ranging from epidemiology, aetiology, and public health to the identification and evidence-based management of individual patients. There follows a description of substance use problems associated with a range of other drugs, including those medically prescribed, such as opiates, benzodiazepines, and gabapentin, as well as recreational substances such as stimulants, MDMA, psychedelics, and ‘legal highs’. The clinical features of problem drug use are linked to the pharmacology and neural effects of particular substances together with descriptions of current strategies designed to lessen the harms of substance use for both the individual and society.

scholarly journals Experience Rating Schemes for Fleets of Vehicles

2001 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-105 ◽  
Author(s):  
Denise Desjardins ◽  
Georges Dionne ◽  
Jean Pinquet
Keyword(s):  
Road Safety ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Experience Rating ◽  
The Public ◽  
Empirical Results ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Individual

AbstractThis paper proposes bonus-malus systems for fleets of vehicles, by using the individual characteristics of both the vehicles and the carriers. Bonus-malus coefficients are computed from the history of claims or from the history of safety offences of the carriers and the drivers. The empirical results are derived from a data set obtained from the Société de l'Assurance Automobile du Québec, the public insurer for bodily injuries and the regulator of road safety.

Individualized guidelines for the management of aggression in dementia – Part 2: appraisal of current guidelines

2012 ◽  
Vol 24 (7) ◽  
pp. 1125-1132 ◽  
Author(s):  
Victor Vickland ◽  
Natalie Chilko ◽  
Brian Draper ◽  
Lee-Fay Low ◽  
Daniel O'Connor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
Personal History ◽  
Point Scale ◽  
Pharmacological Interventions ◽  
Restraint Use ◽  
Key Concepts ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Current Guidelines ◽  
Improve Health

ABSTRACTBackground: Individualized guidelines have the potential to offer clinicians assistance in decision-making at the point of consultation to improve health outcomes for patients. This project aims to develop individualized guidelines for the management of aggression in dementia. At an earlier stage, we developed a map of concepts to consider when managing aggression. The purpose of the current study is to appraise paper-based guidelines for their representation of these concepts.Methods: Two reviewers used a four-point scale (absent, weak, moderate, strong) to rate the guidelines on their representation of concepts relating to the patient, the aggression and dementia disorder, the treatment, and the guidelines themselves. Consensus was reached on inconsistent scores.Results: Sixteen guidelines published since 2005 were evaluated for their representation of 13 key concepts. Pharmacological and non-pharmacological interventions were strongly represented overall in the guidelines, in conjunction with a consideration of the individual characteristics of the patients and their environment. Recommendations based on the presentation of the aggressive symptoms, goals of treatment, and theory of the cause of the aggression were moderately represented in the guidelines. Recommendations for the principles of restraint use and emergency treatment, as well as a consideration of the personal history of the patient, were poorly represented. Only 6 of 16 guidelines gave details of the expected review.Conclusion: Concepts important to the management of aggression in dementia are missing in the majority of published guidelines on dementia. This limits the ability of these tools to guide clinical practice effectively.

scholarly journals INTERACTION OF PSYCHOLOGIST AND COACH IN THE PROCESS OF PROFESSIONAL ACTIVITY

2021 ◽  
pp. 54-61
Author(s):  
Ya. Demus
Keyword(s):  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
Professional Activity ◽  
Mutual Understanding ◽  
Competitive Behavior ◽  
Training Process ◽  
Personal Problems ◽  
Professional Career ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Difficult Situations

To achieve success, each sport requires an excellent state of formation of physical and mental qualities. In the case when the sports training of athletes is at the same level, the main and decisive moment for winning the competition is psychological readiness. Athletes are trained in different areas, but very often the inability to cope with their emotions can lead to defeat, despite years of training. With the active participation of a psychologist in the training process, it becomes possible to characterize the individual characteristics of the athlete, the formation and development of mental qualities necessary for victory. One of the activities of a sports psychologist is the timeliness of determining the features of the psyche, the development of an individual plan for the development of abilities, strategies for pre-competitive and competitive behavior. Psychodiagnostics plays an important role in the development of the athlete's personality and further activities of the coach. Thanks to psychodiagnostics there is a formation of psychological and pedagogical and psychohygienic recommendations, planning of system of actions on athletes. Psychodiagnostics aims to study the athlete. In this process, the coach helps to objectively assess the personality of the athlete. Psychohygienic recommendations of a psychologist and a coach are closely related. After all, in the system "coach-athlete-psychologist" they directly affect the mental state of the athlete. There are many examples in the history of sports when a timely word, pause, gesture, support decided the fate of persistent confrontation. Every athlete in his professional career goes through crisis periods, which are caused by various reasons: defeat in the competition, transition to another team, change of coach, problems in personal life. Diversity in the work of the coach, the importance of a number of auxiliary functions in the work of the latter (administration, regulation, management) does not allow to adequately assess the problems and troubles of the athlete as a person. This is the task of a sports psychologist - to create an atmosphere of complete trust and mutual understanding, to establish contact with the athlete to reveal personal problems, which will effectively affect his condition, help the athlete understand their problems, find a way out of difficult situations sports achievements.

History of the concept of adjustment disorders (DRAFT)

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia Casey
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Adjustment Disorder ◽  
Adjustment Disorders ◽  
Mild Conditions ◽  
Dsm 5 ◽  
Icd 10 ◽  
History Of ◽  
Criteria For Diagnosis

Adjustment disorder (AD) was introduced by ICD-9 in 1978 and by DSM-III in 1980. Until recently it was neglected in research and in clinical practice. It has withstood the early controversies suggesting that it was a manufactured condition to facilitate the reimbursement of clinicians for treating mild conditions which otherwise would not be covered by insurance. Others argue that it medicalized problems of living. More recent controversies concern its status as a subthreshold disorder, disbarring it from being diagnosed when the threshold for other disorders is reached. Its status has been enhanced by its new positioning in DSM-5 in the Trauma and Stressor-Related Disorders category, similar to ICD-10. However, ICD-11 is proposing making AD a full-threshold disorder with specific criteria for diagnosis, unlike DSM-5. This radical proposal will put ICD-11 and DSM-5 at variance with each other and will require a reappraisal of the research, to date, on AD.

Attitudes toward Rehabilitation and Punishment Orientations among Juvenile Detention and Probation Officers

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-21
Author(s):  
Kristin Mack ◽  
Gayle Rhineberger-Dunn
Keyword(s):  
Juvenile Offenders ◽  
Organizational Factors ◽  
Juvenile Detention ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
Probation Officers ◽  
Staff Members ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Detention Officers ◽  
Job Perceptions ◽  
Job Ambiguity

The purpose of this paper was to explore the individual factors, job perceptions, and organizational characteristics that predict rehabilitation and punishment orientations among juvenile detention and probation staff members. Our results indicated juvenile officers who reported more education, less job ambiguity, and more adequate safety training were more likely to indicate preference for a rehabilitation orientation. However, those who reported less education, worked in detention rather than probation, and had higher job ambiguity were more likely to hold a punishment orientation. Finally, individual characteristics had a greater impact on both rehabilitation and punishment than either job perceptions or organizational factors. These results provide useful information for agencies about staff perceptions, which may in turn impact their interactions with and decision-making related to juvenile offenders under their supervision. Keywords: juvenile detention officers, juvenile probation officers, community corrections, punishment orientation, rehabilitation orientation, professional orientation.

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