scholarly journals The Origins of Corrupt Behavior: Psychological Aspect

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 49-58
Author(s):  
E.A. Nurmuhametov ◽  
I.F. Nurmukhametova ◽  
O.I. Politika
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Analysis ◽  
Legal Aspects ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Personality Structure ◽  
Normative Behavior ◽  
Mental Functions ◽  
Psychological Analysis ◽  
Psychological Point ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Corrupt Behavior

The article presents data from a theoretical analysis of the phenomenon of corruption and corrupt practices. This phenomenon is perceived by scientists and practitioners more often in economic and legal aspects. Whereas from a psychological point of view, the authors analyze the definition of “corruption” only indirectly and somewhat distantly. Moreover, the psychological analysis of corruption issues mainly aline within the framework of moral, ethical and philosophical views. In this article, corruption and corruption practices are considered in the context of the activity approach of A.N. Leontiev. It is suggested that one of the reasons for the development of corrupt behavior of a person can be a shortage of personal and environmental resources of a person, which allow to reveal oneself in such a socio-psychological phenomenon as "deficiency of normative behavior" in the early stages of adulting. From the standpoint of the activity approach of A.N. Leont'ev suggested that deficiency discovers itself at three levels of life: physiological, mental, and personal. It is concluded that the deficiency of normative behavior contributes to the deformation of the personality structure, is in destructive mode and blocks the differentiation of mental functions reducing the dynamism of interpersonal interactions.

Telecommuting and the Legal Aspects

2001 ◽  
pp. 1-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ian T. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Health And Safety ◽  
Legal Aspects ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Employment Contracts ◽  
Employment Relationships ◽  
Legal Perspective ◽  
Health And Safety Implications ◽  
British Perspective ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Specific Country

This chapter discusses teleworking/telecommuting from a legal perspective, as applied to the management of teleworkers. The main issues covered are the definition of teleworking, employment relationships and employment contracts for telecommuting, health and safety implications of teleworking, and other legal-related considerations to be taken. Lastly, implications are discussed for both the management of organizations and the legal establishment. This chapter examines teleworking from a legal point of view. Although it was written from a European (in particular, British) perspective, we have tried to use material with relevance extending beyond the boundaries of one specific country, and the arguments are intended and expected to apply to a much wider audience and circumstances.

The Liability for Food Product in the Polish Legal System

2009 ◽  
pp. 107-119
Author(s):  
Marek Stanko
Keyword(s):  
Food Safety ◽  
Subject Matter ◽  
Product Liability ◽  
Food Product ◽  
Legal Aspects ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Legal Analysis ◽  
Community Law ◽  
Agricultural Produce ◽  
Definition Of

- A precise definition of the principles and basis of the food product liability is included in an unusually broad scope of the food safety subject matter. Having regard to the whole set of Polish legal tools for food safety, the reader's attention was focused on civil-legal aspects of producer's liability for harm caused by food product's defect. The idea of the article, however, was not exclusively a detailed legal analysis of Polish legal solutions within this subject matter, but mainly an attempt to interpret these regulations which arouse most doubts in the Polish practice, especially from the point of view of their compliance with the Community regulations. The legal harmonization is undoubtedly of crucial importance in this sphere. It needs emphasizing that the majority of essential legal issues related to the subject matter of food safety as formulated in the Community law has been reflect119 ed in the Polish legislation. Currently this subject matter is regulated on the Polish legal area by the act of 25 August 2006 about the safety of food and feeding. It can be claimed, however, that the regulation of the liability for harm caused by unsafe product (comprising also the notions of agricultural produce and food product) in the Polish legislation complies with the requirements of the Community law. The shortcomings pointed out in the course of considerations absolutely do not allow to conclude that the objective of harmonization has not been achieved. This does not eliminate, however, the necessity to bring about changes postulated in the course of legislative considerations. In the Polish doctrine it is stressed that from theoretical, dogmatic point of view especially the new regime of liability for unsafe product (comprising agricultural produce and food product) should constitute a facilitation for claims to be made by the harmed person. It will, however, be the judicial practice which will decide about its legal efficiency.Parole chiave: responsabilitĂ  civile, prodotto alimentare, rischio di sviluppo e progresso.Key words: Liability, Food Product, Risk of Development and Progress.

scholarly journals Theoretical Analysis of the Concepts of «Motivation» and «Stimulation» from the Point of View of Their Interaction

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Usov ◽  
Alexander Silantyev
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Theoretical Analysis ◽  
Personnel Management ◽  
Research Method ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Clear Definition ◽  
Definition Of

This article analyzed the concepts of «stimulation» and «motivation», which are necessary for effective personnel management in the organization, as they help to understand the behavior of employees in different situations. Literature review showed that today there is no clear definition of the terms «motivation» and «stimulation» among various authors. Moreover, many experts do not distinguish between them. Therefore, the purpose of the study is to examine different interpretation of the terms «motivation» and «stimulation» and to study the area of their interaction, because they are certainly interrelated. The research method is the analysis of existing definitions of the concepts «motivation» and «stimulation» by various specialists. According to the results of the analysis, the authors determined that stimulation and motivation are mutually dependent and complementary concepts that interact with each other, but remain different in terms of their meaning in their definitions.

scholarly journals Definitions and evolutions of the terms “flowing and stagnant waters” in the context of the proprietorship of the lakes in Poland

2012 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 191-197
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Kubiak-Wójcicka ◽  
Michał Marszelewski
Keyword(s):  
Legal Aspects ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Water Law ◽  
Flowing Water ◽  
Legal Definition ◽  
Definition Of

AbstractThis article discusses the problem of property and use of waters and the legal aspects of the definitions of lakes in particular. To achieve this, the authors reviewed the acts on Water Law from 1922 up to the present day. They proved consistency in the application of the water law. From the hydrological point of view the lake belongs to stagnant waters. The definition included in the Water Law act is contrary to this depiction of the lake. The act reads that the lake may be classified as stagnant or flowing water depending upon the existence of the natural, permanent or seasonal, inflow (or outflow) of the lake. This obviously constitutes a discrepancy between the scientific and legal definition of the lake.

scholarly journals Study of the Effect of Sustainable Architecture on the Design of Residential Buildings (Case Study: Qazvin Pardis Complex)

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 91-98
Author(s):  
Zeynab Mohammadian ◽  
Majid Shahbazi
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Design ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Main Question ◽  
Traditional Architecture ◽  
Human Habitat ◽  
Psychological Point ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Contemporary Architecture

AbstractHousing is a widespread and complex issue with a variety of dimensions. First, housing was considered as a physical location and as a shelter and basic necessity of the households, but today the concept of dwelling as the place that provides all the services and facilities necessary for a better life of the family has been created. One of the issues discussed at many conferences and in general in the scientific community is the definition of sustainability in the psychological point of view, along with the ways to introduce this concept into the architecture and human habitat environments. This research first begins with the main question about how the concept of sustainability can be found within the scope of housing. Then existing resources search is done and accessible projects are analyzed and the weaknesses and strengths of traditional architecture and contemporary architecture are compared. Finally, the relationship between the definitions of three concepts: dwelling, sustainable design and traditional Iranian architecture was discussed. At the end, the sustainable design that is also appropriate to the Iranian culture was presented.

scholarly journals Young people’s ideas on a corrupt official’s human qualities

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 43-62
Author(s):  
Anatoly L. Zhuravlev ◽  
Dzhuletta A. Kitova
Keyword(s):  
Point Of View ◽  
Upper Echelon ◽  
The Everyday ◽  
Psychological Point ◽  
Intellectual Capacity ◽  
Moral Qualities ◽  
Personal Qualities ◽  
Corrupt Behavior ◽  
To Receive ◽  
Legal Expertise

This article argues that corruption in Russia is a systemic issue, which continues to broaden its boundaries, presenting a threat to national security. The problem requires careful attention from modern scientific circles. From a psychological point of view, corruption suppresses one’s subjective wellbeing, twists young people’s legal awareness, and breeds such a worldview that might negatively influence the behavior of youth in the future. All of the above is quite important to sociology, for in many ways it determines an entire range of social processes, including processes associated with the country’s socio-economic development. The pilot section of the study examines young people’s ideas on corruption and its social manifestations. The authors discovered that college students consider corruption to be a serious socio-economic issue, while being able to describe many forms in which it manifests, the reasons for why it’s spreading, as well as counteraction methods (economic, administrative, criminal law-based), though their understanding of its social ramifications is somewhat lacking. Students also separate social (exterior) and personal (interior) factors of corrupt behavior. It was determined that their perception of corrupt behavior bears a range of contradictions, associated with the respondents’ low level of legal expertise, which becomes evident while identifying crimes of corruption, with it in turn leading to mistaken assessments of the specifics of corrupt interactions between citizens. Also, students’ ideas on corruption mostly reflect the everyday aspect, since young people don’t usually have a comprehensive understanding of administrative, or “upper echelon” corruption. The results show that the evaluations of a corrupt individual’s main personal qualities tend to bear a negative connotation. Meanwhile the most pronounced values are linked to a low evaluation of a corrupt person’s moral qualities. The organizational and professional capabilities of corrupt officials are viewed by respondents as weakly or moderately pronounced, however a corrupt individual’s intellectual capacity tends to receive the highest score possible. The scores attributed to their communicative competence also seem to be contradictory: students in equal measure highlight both positive-to-neutral and negative traits of corrupt persons. The study also revealed marked regional discrepancies in ideas on corruption when comparing the responses given by students from various Russian cities. According to the authors, the ideas on the human qualities of corrupt officials expressed by students from different regions require separate examination.

scholarly journals Legal aspects of activity and development of personal peasant farms in Ukraine: problems and prospects of development

2020 ◽  
pp. 53-58
Author(s):  
M.Yu. Pokalchuk ◽  
V.S. Suslova
Keyword(s):  
Maximum Size ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
Legal Aspects ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Theoretical Point ◽  
Legal Form ◽  
The Moment ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Right ◽  
Peasant Economy

The article is devoted to the analysis of legal aspects and basic principles of activity of personal peasant economy in Ukraine. The efficiency of creating such a form of management is also analyzed and attention is paid to the shortcomings in its legal regulation. Based on the legislative definition of personal economic, the article formulated proposals for the legal regulation of their activities. Peculiarities of the right to use land plots as a basis for personal farming are given. The maximum allowable area of land used by personal farms has been identified. Emphasis is placed on cases of increasing this size from a practical and theoretical point of view. The purpose of this article is to analyze the activities of personal farming. Analyze aspects of land lease, eliminate shortcomings in legislation and make proposals to address issues. The authors concluded why the owners of private farms violate the law and illegally exceed the maximum size of land for farms of this organizational and legal form. Given that members of the personal peasant economy abuse the advantages provided by the state to carry out such activities, attention is paid to the moment of transition of the personal peasant economy to the farm. Aspects of taxation of the personality of peasant farms are analyzed and the possibility of reduction to privileged categories at transformation in a farm is offered. The legal aspects of renting private farms are also studied. Based on the analysis of indicators of lease of farms of this organizational and legal form, we provide proposals for the regulation of regulations on issues related to aspects of the activities and development of personal farms and the institution of lease.

Intencia uskutočniť dovolenkový pobyt v čase pandémie – teoretická štúdia

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-18
Author(s):  
Darina Nakatova
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
Theoretical Analysis ◽  
Perceived Risk ◽  
Scientific Work ◽  
Travel Behaviour ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Hygiene Measures ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Travel Abroad

The aim of the paper is a theoretical analysis and definition of the term intention to travel, as well as systematization of knowledge in current scientific work concerning the intention to travel for a holiday stay during a pandemic. Factors and variables that are related to decision-making and the intention to travel are summarized. The influence of the perceived risk on the intention to travel abroad amid a pandemic is described. Analysis of studies on holiday travel during a pandemic shows that the intention to carry out a holiday stay is influenced by the geographical aspect of the stay, the time aspect of its realization, hygiene measures and health care at the place of stay. As for the factors of intention not to travel, the article draws attention to the need to know them and presents a proposal for a solution from the point of view of consumers and tourism businesses. In the current situation amid the pandemic, understanding and knowing the clients' intentions to travel and their actual travel behaviour is very important for any tourism business and destination. Intention (tendency, notion) as a direction of action and behaviour of a person is an important factor for his actual activity. At the same time, travel intention may not always become real travel behaviour. Based on the analysis of the intention to travel on holiday during the pandemic, several studies show that the intention to carry out a holiday stay is influenced by the geographical aspect of the stay, the time aspect of its implementation, hygiene measures and health care at the place of stay. And it is also necessary to take into account the factors of the intention not to travel and to adapt to this fact the knowledge of the situation on the part of consumers and tourism companies. On the part of consumers, a change in income may result in a consumption restructuring and the search for new alternatives in the field of leisure and travel, on the part of tourism companies it will be necessary to find solutions in terms of changing the portfolio of services and their prices. However, it is very likely that the passion to travel and its impact on the intention to travel will outweigh the worries about traveling and the intention not to travel.

scholarly journals UNMISSED FEMALE BABY IN THE QUR’AN:

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-93
Author(s):  
Fathurrosyid Fathurrosyid
Keyword(s):  
Life Events ◽  
Emotional Eating ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Personality Structure ◽  
Grammatical Structure ◽  
Psychological Point ◽  
Personality Typology ◽  
Female Baby

This research raises two main issues; First, what is a literary psychology? Second, how is the psychological construction of Maryam in the Qur’an from the perspective of literary psychology? The method used is descriptive-analytical based on the theory of literary psychology. In the context of the story of Maryam, the study of psychology that is intended is the theory of psychoanalysis and complex psychology, especially extrovert and introvert types. This study concludes; First, literary psychology is a form of study and analysis based on the psychological point of view dealing with life events. Second, psychological construction of Maryam in the Qur’an includes; (a) The psychology of convergence between empiricism and nativism. (b) Maryam’s personality structure includes the id, ego and super ego narrated in Maryam [19]: 18, 20 and 22. (c) The personality typology of Maryam is an introvert figure. The indicator is in Maryam [19]: 26 who prefers the “eat and drink” commandment to the “be happy” commandment. The grammatical structure is to consider introvert typology oriented to emotional eating.

scholarly journals National identity and populism: state aspect

2020 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 6-11
Author(s):  
Iryna Kiyanka ◽  
Аndriі Sharaskin
Keyword(s):  
National Identity ◽  
Political Development ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Democratic Movement ◽  
System Protection ◽  
The Social ◽  
Self Development ◽  
Psychological Point ◽  
The One ◽  
Definition Of

This article analyzes the problem of national identity and populism in the context of modern public administration. The study of populism is important due to the social procurement from interested subjects of the political environment who use populism for the realization of their programmes and power contest. At the same time, the populist category of «people» – the keepers of all merits, top priorities, the standard of good and evil – that is quite popular today in Ukraine originates from the Ukrainian national democratic movement of the 19th cent. characterized by distinctive populism elements. New Ukrainian national movement took it over as the part of the intellectual legacy from its historical predecessors, all the more so, because it was, as mentioned before, necessary in the period of the final attack on communism. The problem of national identity is quite popular in Ukrainian scientific society. This is due to the fact that on the one hand, the definition of Ukrainian identity can be a theoretic way to create a nation state, another ideological cliche that some politicians use to invent new arguments in their power games. The populism strategy is a constant reflection on particular things going on in society. It is some sort of system protection and unification of certain symbols useful for the populists. Moreover, it is a characteristic feature of working on human consciousness in the process and historical self-development in the context of ideological norms. There is always a «combination instinct» in populism. From a psychological point of view, it is the instinct responsible for the ability of people to analyze their relations and bonds with the world and give certain associations, that is to connect one things with others. Ukrainian society has to find effective ways of political development once again.

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