scholarly journals THE CHANGES OF PHOSPHORUS AND POTASSIUM IN SOIL UNDER DIFFERENT LIME RATES

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 301
Author(s):  
Jānis Vigovskis ◽  
Agrita Svarta ◽  
Aivars Jermuss ◽  
Daina Sarkanbarde
Keyword(s):  
Oil Shale ◽  
Phosphorus Content ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Soil Parameters ◽  
Potassium Accumulation ◽  
Phosphorus And Potassium ◽  
Different Content ◽  
Drainage Field ◽  
Similar Soil

The paper describes the influence of liming to phosphorus and potassium accumulation in soil. The research has been carried out at the Institute of Agronomy of Latvia University of Agriculture in the long-term subsurface drainage field established in Skrīveri in 1981. The experimental field was established with four rates of mineral fertilizers: without fertilizers (F0), N45P30K45 (F1); N90P60K90 (F2), N135P90K135 (F3) and four rates of lime: without liming (L0), 2.58 (L1), 5.70 (L2), 11.40 (L3) t ha-1 CaCO3. Primary liming was done in 1981 (Estonian oil shale ashes), the maintenance liming was performed in 1994 (dolomitic limestone) and 2014 (BALTKALK). After 35 years of trial similar soil parameters showed significantly different content of phosphorus and potassium related to the different rates of liming in all fertilizing levels. Without fertilizers, the liming provided the increase of phosphorus content in soil from 14 to 36 mg kg-1, but the increase of potassium – from 55 to 72 mg kg-1. On a low background of fertilizers (N45P30K45) the content of phosphorus and potassium under liming increased respectively from 20 to 32 mg kg-1 for phosphorus and 75 to 96 mg kg-1 for potassium. At the fertilizers level N90P60K90 the content of phosphorus and potassium increased respectively from 94 to 81 mg kg-1 for phosphorus and 115 to 165 mg kg-1 for potassium. At the fertilizers level N135P90K135 the content of phosphorus and potassium increased respectively from 174 to 203 mg kg-1 for phosphorus and 166 to 214 mg kg-1 for potassium.

scholarly journals The Changes of Nutrient Content in Soil in Long-term Fertilizer Experiments

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 329
Author(s):  
Janis Vigovskis ◽  
Aivars Jermuss ◽  
Agrita Svarta ◽  
Daina Sarkanbarde
Keyword(s):  
Spring Barley ◽  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
Perennial Grasses ◽  
Calcium Lactate ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Soil Parameters ◽  
Available Phosphorus ◽  
Calcium And Magnesium ◽  
Drainage Field

<p>The paper describes the influence of long term (more than 30 years) fertilizer application to the changes of soil properties and identifies the influence of different fertilization rates to phosphorus, potassium, calcium and magnesium accumulation in soil.</p><p>The research has been carried out at the Research Institute of Agriculture of Latvian University of Agriculture in the long-term subsurface drainage field established in Skrīveri in 1981 under the guidance of professor J. Štikāns.  The long-term drainage field was established in the uncultivated gleyic sod-podzolic <em>Hypostagnic</em> <em>Endogleyic Albeluvisol (Hypereutric), stw-ng-AB(he) </em>loam that had not been used in agriculture for 20 years before. The experimental field was established with four rates of mineral fertilizers: without fertilizers, N45P30K45; N90P60K90 N135P90K135 calculated in form of P<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub> and K<sub>2</sub>O. Since 1994 a seven-year crop rotation has been organized: 1) winter triticale, 2) potatoes, 3) spring wheat, 4) spring oilseed rape, 5) spring barley + perennial grasses (red clover, timothy), 6) perennial grasses, 1st year of using, and 7) perennial grasses 2nd year of using. Mineral fertilizers were applied according to the anticipated rates of plant nutrient elements annually during the cultivation of soil before sowing. For winter cultivars the phosphorus as superphosphate and potassium as potassium chloride fertilizers were cultivated before the sowing in autumn and nitrogen in form of ammonium nitrate was applied the next spring at the beginning of vegetation and at the stage of tillering. During the vegetation period all the required common agro-technical measures were taken – treatment with herbicides, fungicides and insecticides.</p><p>After 32 years of trial similar soil parameters showed significantly different content of nutrients related to the different level of fertilizer application. On a low background of fertilizers (N45P30K45) a small increase of mobile phosphorus in soil has only been observed in recent years. At the fertilizer rate N90P60K90 the content of available phosphorus and potassium in soil gradually begins to grow. Fertilization norm N135P90K135 caused a constant accumulation of nutrients in soil. In 30 years’ time the content of exchangeable phosphorus (calcium lactate – extractable) has increased more than 20 times (from 9 till 184 mg P<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub> kg<sup>-1</sup>) and exchangeable potassium (calcium lactate – extractable) has increased more than 4 times (from 64 till 223 mg K<sub>2</sub>O kg<sup>-1</sup>). There were no relation between different fertilizing rates and calcium and magnesium content in soil observed.</p><p> </p>

TRANSFORMATION FEATURES OF THE DRAINED PEAT-PODZOL GLEY SOILS UNDER LONG-TERM AGRICULTURAL USE

1970 ◽  
pp. 25-28
Author(s):  
V. А. Shevchenko ◽  
A. V. Nefedov ◽  
A. V. Ilinskiy ◽  
А. Е. Morozov
Keyword(s):  
Humus Horizon ◽  
Total Carbon ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Peat Layer ◽  
Organic And Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Mineralization Processes ◽  
Agricultural Use ◽  
Phosphorus And Potassium ◽  
Plough Layer

Long-term observations of the drained soil of peat-podzolic-gley light loam on ancient alluvial sands state on the example of the meliorative object "Tinky-2" showed that under the influence of agricultural use in the soil, the organic matter mineralization processes are accelerated. During the drainage process, the soil evolutionarily suffered the following changes: the peat layer was compacted, humified and mineralized, which was a reason of the transformation them into the humus horizon. Based on the monitoring studies results it was established that during 21 intensive use years the peat layer thickness was decreased by 74.5% and amounted to 5.51 inch, which in the following 20 years was decreased to a layer of 1.18 inch, and for another 14 years it became a homogeneous humus horizon containing difficulty identifiable plant remains. For half a century, the bulk density increased by 6 times and the total moisture capacity of the soil decreased by 3.6 times. Other indicators were changed significantly. So, the ash content by 2016 increased from 11.2% to 52.7%. It was a reason of the plough-layer decreasing and it mixes with the mineral sand horizon during plowing. It should also be noted that the total nitrogen content in the soil decreased by 1.13%, and total carbon by 15.3% from 1982 to 2016. The dynamics of changes in the soil acidity, phosphorus and potassium content is associated with the introduction of calcareous, organic and mineral fertilizers in the 1980s. The unsystematic exploitation of such soils leads to decrease in the agricultural products productivity and increase in energy costs. When planning these soils usage in agricultural production, it is necessary to develop and implement modern melioration technologies and techniques aimed to increase soil fertility.

scholarly journals YIELD OF PERENNIAL GRASSES AND SOIL FERTILITY OF SOD-PODZOLIC SOIL IN CASE OF LONG-TERM APPLICATION OF MINERAL FERTILIZERS

2021 ◽  
Vol 250 ◽  
pp. 71-77
Author(s):  
A. Yu. Gavrilova ◽  
◽  
A. M. Konova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Perennial Grasses ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Mobile Forms ◽  
Unit Dose ◽  
Phosphorus And Potassium ◽  
Higher Doses ◽  
Positive Effect

The article considers the effect of increasing doses and various combinations of mineral fertilizers applied to the cover crop on the yield and quality of a mixture of perennial grasses of two - years use, as well as the effect of fertilizers on the agrochemical parameters of sod-podzolic light loamy soil. The objects of the study were Stodolich meadow clover and Leningradskaya 204 meadow timothy grass. The studies were carried out in two crop rotations - with standard and reduced single doses of mineral fertilizers. The research results showed that in the years (VIII rotation) when the unit dose of fertilizers was increased to N20P20K25, the yield of perennial grasses was higher compared to the harvest in the VII rotation. The most appropriate dose in the VII rotation on perennial grasses of the 1st year was N30P30K45, on grasses of the 2nd year - doses of N30P30K45 and N40P40K60. In the VIII rotation, the highest yield of perennial grasses of the 1st year of use was obtained at a dose of N160P160K200 (8.4 t / ha), of grasses of the 2nd year of use at doses of N80P80K100 and N100P100K125 (6.5 t / ha). Positive effect of increasing doses of mineral fertilizers on the content of soil organic matter has been noted. On the contrary, the soil acidity increased from 4.7 to 4.3 units with an increase of mineral doses. Higher doses of fertilizers increased the content of mobile forms of phosphorus and potassium in the soil.

EFFECT OF MINERAL FERTILIZERS AND MANURES ON THE PHOSPHORUS CONTENT OF A CLAY SOIL AND ON CROP YIELDS AND QUALITY IN A LONG-TERM CROP ROTATION

1962 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 137-149 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. O. Ridley ◽  
R. A. Hedlin
Keyword(s):  
Protein Content ◽  
Green Manure ◽  
Phosphorus Content ◽  
Nitrogen Deficiency ◽  
Residual Effect ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
First Year ◽  
The Third ◽  
Extractable Phosphorus

Investigations of a long-term rotation experiment, to which mineral fertilizers and manures have been added for 38 years, show that the total inorganic and extractable phosphorus content of the soil has been increased by phosphate fertilizers. The organic phosphorus fraction was not affected. The extractable phosphorus content of the phosphate treated plots was found to be inversely related to the soil inorganic carbon content.Moving 12-year average yields of wheat first crop, and barley third crop in the rotation, showed the response to phosphorus is apparent only in the first year, with no residual effect on crops due to the increased soil phosphorus content. Mineral fertilizer nitrogen had no effect on the yield of the first crop, but a residual effect was apparent on the third crop. Barn manure increased yields of both crops, presumably due to the effect of phosphorus in barn manure on the first crop and the nitrogen on the third crop. Red clover as a green manure slightly decreased yields of wheat in the first year but increased yields of barley in the third year. A depressing effect on the first crop, presumably due to a nitrogen deficiency, was caused by grass plowed down as green manure but a slight increase in yields of the third crop was noted.Application of 47 pounds of nitrogen for wheat on summerfallow significantly increased the protein content of six wheat crops sampled. Variations in the protein content of wheat between years is presumably related to climatic conditions.

scholarly journals Soil Fertility, N2 Fixation and Yield of Chickpea as Influenced by Long-Term Biochar Application under Mung–Chickpea Cropping System

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (21) ◽  
pp. 9008
Author(s):  
Shadman Khan ◽  
Zahir Shah ◽  
Ishaq Ahmad Mian ◽  
Khadim Dawar ◽  
Muhammad Tariq ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Mineral Fertilizer ◽  
Mineral Nitrogen ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Soil Parameters ◽  
Mineral N ◽  
Total N

A research study was established at the research farm of the University of Agriculture, Peshawar during winter 2018–2019. Commercial biochars were given to the experimental site from 2014 to summer 2018 and received 0.95, 130 and 60 tons ha−1 of biochar by various treatments viz., (Biochar1) BC1, (Biochar2) BC2, (Biochar3) BC3 and (Biochar4) BC4, respectively. This piece of work was conducted within the same study to find the long-term influence of biochar on the fertility of the soil, fixation of N2, as well as the yie1d of chickpea under a mung–chickpea cropping system. A split plot arrangement was carried out by RCBD (Randomized Complete Block Design) to evaluate the study. Twenty-five kilograms of N ha−1 were given as a starter dosage to every plot. Phosphorous and potassium were applied at two levels (half (45:30 kg ha−1) and full (90:60 kg ha−1) recommended doses) to each of the four biochar treatments. The chickpea crop parameters measured were the numbers and masses of the nodules, N2 fixation and grain yield. Soil parameters recorded were Soil Organic Matter (SOM), total N and mineral N. The aforementioned soil parameters were recorded after harvesting. The results showed that nodulation in chickpea, grain yield and nutrient uptake were significantly enhanced by phosphorous and potassium mineral fertilizers. The application of biochar 95 tons ha−1 significantly enhanced number of nodules i-e (122), however statistically similar response in terms of nodules number was also noted with treatment of 130 tons ha−1. The results further revealed a significant difference in terms of organic matter (OM) (%) between the half and full mineral fertilizer treatments. With the application of 130 tons ha−1 of biochar, the OM enhanced from 1.67% in the control treatment, to 2.59%. However, total and mineral nitrogen were not statistically enhanced by the mineral fertilizer treatment. With regard to biochar treatments, total and mineral N enhanced when compared with the control treatment. The highest total N of 0.082% and mineral nitrogen of 73 mg kg−1 in the soil were recorded at 130 tons ha−1 of biochar, while the lowest total N (0.049%) and mineral nitrogen (54 mg kg−1) in the soil were recorded in the control treatment. The collaborative influence of mineral fertilizers and biochars was found to be generally non-significant for most of the soil and plant parameters. It could be concluded that the aforementioned parameters were greater for treatments receiving biochar at 95 tons or more per hectare over the last several years, and that the combination of lower doses of mineral fertilizers further improved the performance of biochar.

scholarly journals Indicators of the Relationship Between the Chemical Composition of Plant and Harvest Potatoes

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Serik Abeuov ◽  
Olzhas Shoykin ◽  
Viktor Kamkin ◽  
Yuri Ermokhin
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Potato Plant ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Biochemical Processes ◽  
Phosphorus And Potassium ◽  
The Relationship

The authors carried out long-term research on the effect of mineral fertilizers on the “Gala” potato variety in the Pavlodar region. The relationship was established between the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium chemical composition of the potato plant in certain phases of growth and development. Various chemical and biochemical processes occur in soil and plants every second. The productivity of plants (y) depends on how the processes take place and proceed, since it is a function of the chemical composition (x) of the leaves: y = f x. The theoretical foundations of plant diagnostics are based on the role of nutrients in the formation of the crop, starting from the early stages of development. According to Yu. I. Ermokhin, the theory of this research provides information on the needs of plants, and in practice these needs must be satisfied. The authors carried out field experiments with fertilizers to obtain the sought-for connections from the low to the optimal content between the ratio of nutrients in the potato plant, which is confirmed by high correlation coefficients (r = 0.79-0.97). If the nitrogen content is higher than the optimal 4.64% in the 7-leaf phase and 4.16% in the flowering phase, then the nature of the ovary takes on a different meaning and the equation is described in a quadratic parabola form. Keywords: potato, harvest, nutrition, fertilizers, plant growth

scholarly journals INFLUENCE OF FERTILIZERS AND LIMING ON THE AGROCHEMICAL PARAMETERS OF SOIL AND LOSSES OF PLANT NUTRIENTS THROUGH DRAIN WATER

2007 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 150
Author(s):  
Jānis Vigovskis ◽  
Aivars Jermušs ◽  
Agrita Švarta
Keyword(s):  
Phosphorus Content ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Plant Nutrients ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Drain Water ◽  
Field Crops ◽  
Limed Soil ◽  
Crop Succession ◽  
Term Field

The aim of the research was to study the influence of mineral fertilizers and liming on yields of field crops and agrochemical parameters of soil and loss of plant nutrients through drain water. Since 1982, long-term field trials were carried out under crop succession with long-term grass, grain (rye, triticale, spring wheat, barley, oat), potatoes and rape. Annually from soil thought drains were leached about 3.0 - 21.9 kg ha-1 nitrogen, 0.1 - 0.5 kg ha'1 and 0.6 -1.7 kg ha-1 potassium. Application of P0 and P30 led to the further decrease of phosphorus content as fa r as 0-6 mg kg especially in limed soil. Significant increase of phosphorus content was observed only using phosphorus rate P90. Positive NPK balance in limed trial plots was achieved with annual inputs of 90 kg ha-1 N, 100 kg ha-1 P20 s and 90 Kg ha-1 K20.

scholarly journals Changes in Soil Characteristics in a Mono- and Triculture Long-term Field Experiment

2006 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
pp. 183-192 ◽  
Author(s):  
János Kátai
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Nitrifying Bacteria ◽  
Microbial Biomass C ◽  
Soil Parameters ◽  
Soil Microbial ◽  
Decreasing Ph ◽  
Phosphorus And Potassium ◽  
Experimental Soil

The effects of fertilization, irrigation and crop rotation on the major soil parameters and microbiological soil properties were studied at Debrecen-Látókép in the 16 th and 17 th years of the fertilization experiment on calcareous chernozem soil. The results can be summarized as follows:  In the examination period the moisture content of the experimental soil increased by 2-3% due to irrigation.   With increasing fertilizer doses, the pH value of soils reduced both in aqueous and M KCl suspension, but it did not change considerably at medium and high fertilizer doses. The hydrolytic acidity increased with decreasing pH values. The   nitrate-N, AL-soluble phosphorus and potassium contents increased gradually with increasing fertilizer doses.  Among the soil microbial parameters, the total number of germs increased slightly, while the amount of nitrifying bacteria was significantly higher due to fertilization. As a result of fertilization , a significant increase was detected in the phosphatase and urease activityin both crop rotations and irrigation treatments. The activity of saccharase and catalase was reduced at medium and high fertilizer doses. In addition to changing the moisture content of soils irrigationincreased the total number of germs and the amount of nitrifying and cellulose decomposing bacteria. Irrigation provided more favourable conditions for CO 2 production, increasing the microbial biomass C content and for the functioning of phosphatase and urease enzymes. In triculture the number of nitrogen-fixing and cellulose decomposing bacteria was higher than in monoculture, especially in the case of medium and high fertilizer doses. The activity of phosphatase, saccharase and urease enzymes was significantly higher in triculture than in monoculture. 

scholarly journals The influence of crops on the agrochemical properties of alluvial soils of the central floodplain of the Moksha River

2019 ◽  
pp. 17-23
Author(s):  
Natalia Nikolaevna Ivanova ◽  
Vasily Ivanovich Kargin ◽  
Mikhail Nikolaevich Panasov ◽  
Nadezhda Petrovna Molchanova
Keyword(s):  
Water Extract ◽  
Perennial Grasses ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Alluvial Soils ◽  
Solution Ph ◽  
Agrochemical Properties ◽  
Perennial Herbs ◽  
Phosphorus And Potassium ◽  
Salt Extract

Studies have shown that long-term cultivation of agricultural crops is influenced the agrochemical properties of alluvial soils. The perennial herbs affect the content of humus in the soil. In the sod layer under them is being 6,4–6,8 % of organic matter, in the subsurface – 5,3–5,9 %. Down the profile is reduced to 2.2–3.8 %. With long-term cultivation of potatoes, which after itself contains a little amount of root residues, the processes of decomposition of organic substances in the soil prevail over the processes of their synthesis. depends on Accordingly the content of humus is much lower (0.5–4.6 %). Alluvial soils under crops of the perennial herbs were characterized by neutral and slightly acidic active reaction of soil solution (pH of water extract is 6.5–7.5, pH of salt extract is 5.5–6.8). Under potatoes, the pH of the aqueous extract is reduced to 5,9–6,9, salt to 5,4–6,7, which is probably due to an increase in the pH of the upper horizons as a result of mineral fertilizers. Hydrolytic acidity of floodplain soils is rather low in all variants (1,1–2,7 mg/100 g of soil), it is characterized as neutral. The index of the sum of the exchange bases to a greater extent depends on the particle size distribution. Accordingly, it is high both under the perennial herbs and under potatoes. The studied alluvial soils are almost completely filled with bases. The value of this indicator is quite high: 91-97 %. Moreover, under the perennial herbs the index is 1-3 % in arable and 1-4 % in sub-arable horizons higher than under potatoes. The soils of the floodplain of The Moksha river are low in phosphorus and potassium in all variants of the experiment. Just above these figures were under the potatoes due to greater cultivation. With an increase in the level of agricultural technology, saturation of crop turnover with perennial grasses, a justified system of fertilization, the agrochemical properties of alluvial soils of the Central floodplain of The Moksha river are favorable for the stable harvest yields of vegetable and field crops.

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