Characterization of Periodontal Biofilm in Down Syndrome Patients: A Comparative Study

The aim of this study was to characterize the main periodontal bacterial species in Down syndrome (DS) pa-tients with and without periodontitis. Method: This cross-sectional study involved 75 DS patients, 45 with and 30 without periodontitis. Informed consent, health and dental questionnaires and periodontitis diagnosis were performed. PCR and LAMP assays were performed on subgingival dental plaque sample. Results: Tannerella forsythia was the most frequent bacteria detected in the group with and without periodontitis (95.5 and 63.3%) followed by Treponema denticola (88.8 and 50%) and Porphyromonas gingivalis (53.3 and 25% respectively). There were statistical differences between groups (p<0.05). Pg fimA type I was the most frequent Porphyromonas gingivalis genotype. Two different sets o primers (Aa-F/Aa-R and ltx3/ltx4) were used to detect Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans and different frequencies were obtained, (68% and 14.6% respectively), they had a weak correlation (Cohen Kappa=0.16). After sequencing of PCR products, ltx3/ltx4 showed more specificity. JP2 clone of A. actinomycetemcomitans was not detected in any sample. Conclusions: The composition of oral biofilm is fundamental for the development of periodontal disease independently of immunological alterations associated with DS. The frequency of detection of A. actinomycetemcomitans reported in the literature has a wide range, because the primers and probes applied.

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Characterization of the Subgingival Cultivable Microbiota in Patients with Different Stages of Periodontitis in Spain and Colombia. A Cross-Sectional Study

Microorganisms ◽

10.3390/microorganisms9091940 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (9) ◽

pp. 1940

Author(s):

Roquelina Pianeta ◽

Margarita Iniesta ◽

Diana Marcela Castillo ◽

Gloria I. Lafaurie ◽

Mariano Sanz ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Bacterial Species ◽

Fusobacterium Nucleatum ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Chi Square ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Campylobacter Rectus ◽

Parvimonas Micra ◽

Final Sample

The objective was to characterize and compare the subgingival microbiota in patients diagnosed according to the World Workshop on the Classification of Periodontal and Peri-Implant Diseases and Conditions 2018. For this cross-sectional study, Spanish and Colombian subjects (characterized as health/gingivitis, periodontitis in stages I-II or stages III-IV) were clinically assessed, and subgingival samples were taken and processed by culture. The comparisons among patients with periodontal status (and between countries) was made using Mann–Whitney, Kruskal–Wallis, ANOVA and chi-square tests. The final sample consisted of 167 subjects. Eikenella corrodens and Parvimonas micra were more frequently detected in health/gingivitis and Porphyromonas gingivalis in periodontitis (p < 0.05). Higher total counts were observed in Colombia (p = 0.036). In Spain, significantly higher levels of P. gingivalis and Campylobacter rectus were observed, and of Tannerella forsythia, P. micra, Prevotella intermedia, Fusobacterium nucleatum, Actinomyces odontolyticus and Capnocytophaga spp. in Colombia (p < 0.001). P. micra was more prevalent in health/gingivitis and stage I-II periodontitis in Colombia, and P. gingivalis in all periodontitis groups in Spain (p < 0.05). As conclusions, significant differences were detected in the microbiota between health/gingivitis and periodontitis, with minor differences between stages of periodontitis. Differences were also relevant between countries, with Colombia showing larger counts and variability of bacterial species.

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A Cross-Sectional Study ofStaphylococcus AureusColonization and the Nasal and Oropharyngeal Microbiomes

10.1101/145540 ◽

2017 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Ashley E. Kates ◽

Mark Dalman ◽

James C. Torner ◽

Tara C. Smith

Keyword(s):

Bacterial Species ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Upper Respiratory Tract ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Wide Range ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Colonization Status ◽

V3 Region

AbstractBackgroundStaphylococcus aureusis a frequent cause of both infections globally. Colonization with the organism is known to increase the risk of developing infections and occurs in roughly one third of the general population. While many factors influence colonization, it has been demonstrated other members of the microbiome influence colonization withS. aureus. Here, we assessed the nasal and oropharyngeal microbiomes of healthy participants in relation toS. aureuscolonization in a cross-sectional study using 16s rRNA sequencing of the v1-v3 region. As livestock workers have also been shown to be at an increased risk of carriage, we have also assessed microbiota differences in colonization status in a population of livestock workers.ResultsIn both the nares and oropharynx, there were no microbiota differentially abundant between colonized and non-colonized persons. However, there was a significant difference in the beta diversity (Bray-Curtis distances) between carriers and non-carriers (P=0.002). When considering carriage stratified by livestock exposure, there were a number of differences. Most notably, colonized livestock workers had significantly morePorphyomonas(2-fold change = -8.54,P= 0.03) than the non-colonized livestock workers.ConclusionsS. aureusis a frequent colonizer of the human upper respiratory tract, including the nares and oropharynx and causes a wide range of infections. Livestock workers are at increased risk for carriage. Interventions such as improving oral hygiene may lead to decreasedS. aureuscarriage by reducing other bacterial species such asPorphyomonas. Larger, longitudinal studies are needed to better explore what microorganisms may be associated withS. aureuscolonization.

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First Molecular Characterization of Cryptosporidium spp. in Patients Living with HIV in Honduras

Pathogens ◽

10.3390/pathogens10030336 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (3) ◽

pp. 336

Author(s):

Sergio Betancourth ◽

Osman Archaga ◽

Wendy Moncada ◽

Vilma Rodríguez ◽

Gustavo Fontecha

Keyword(s):

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Middle Income ◽

Middle Income Countries ◽

Cryptosporidium Spp ◽

Pcr Products ◽

Life Threatening ◽

Stool Samples ◽

Living With Hiv

Cryptosporidiosis is one of the most important causes of gastroenteritis in the world, especially in low- and middle-income countries. It is caused by the Apicomplexan parasite Cryptosporidium spp., and mainly affects children and immunocompromised people, in whom it can pose a serious threat to their health, or even be life threatening. In Honduras, there are no data on parasite species or on molecular diversity or Cryptosporidium subtypes. Therefore, a cross-sectional study was conducted between September 2019 and March 2020 for the molecular identification of Cryptosporidium spp. in 102 patients living with HIV who attended a national hospital in Tegucigalpa. Stool samples were analyzed by direct microscopy, acid-fast stained smears, and a rapid lateral flow immunochromatographic test. All samples that tested positive were molecularly analyzed to identify the species and subtype of the parasite using three different markers: gp60, cowp, and 18Sr. PCR products were also sequenced. Four out of 102 samples (3.92%) were positive for Cryptosporidiumparvum, and all were assigned to subtype IIa. These findings suggest a possible zoonotic transmission in this population.

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Assessment of the complications after percutaneous fixation with cannulated cancecellous screws among the cases of tibial plateau fractures in a tertiary healthcare institute: a cross sectional study

International Journal of Research in Orthopaedics ◽

10.18203/issn.2455-4510.intjresorthop20200734 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 6 (2) ◽

pp. 327

Author(s):

Joti P. Bagul ◽

Pankaj P. Dole

Keyword(s):

Tibial Plateau ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Tibial Plateau Fractures ◽

Invasive Technique ◽

Type I ◽

Percutaneous Fixation ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Wide Range ◽

Tertiary Healthcare

Background: Fractures in the tibial plateau were first defined as car bumper fractures. Tibial plateau fractures are a diverse group of fractures that reflect a wide range of intensity, ranging from simple accidents to intricate fracture trends that test even the most qualified surgeons. The present study was conducted to study the result of minimally invasive technique for tibial plateau fractures by percutaneous fixation with cannulated cancellous screws and to study complications associated with it in a tertiary care center.Methods: It was a cross sectional study conducted among 13 patients with tibial plateau fractures during January 2016 to December 2016 admitted under department of orthopedics in a tertiary healthcare institute in northern Maharashtra. The criteria for selection of a case were a fracture of tibial plateau (Shatzker’s type I to type IV) with displacement or depression more than 8mm.Results: One patient (7%) had compartment syndrome at the time of presentation. No patient in our series had early postoperative complication. One patient developed knee joint pain 16 months after operation due to early osteo-artgritic changes.Conclusions: There was no early complication related to surgery like superficial or deep infection, damage to neurovascular structures, etc. Ten patients (76%) achieved full range of knee motion within 3 months after operation. All the fractures were united within 14 weeks duration.

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Genomic, Metagenomic and Transcriptomic Characterization of the Clinical Forms of COVID-19: A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study

SSRN Electronic Journal ◽

10.2139/ssrn.3627306 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Christophe Rodriguez ◽

Nicolas de Prost ◽

Slim Fourati ◽

Claudie Lamoureux ◽

Guillaume Gricourt ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Clinical Forms

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Kinematic Analysis of Lower Limb Joint Asymmetry during Gait in People with Multiple Sclerosis

Symmetry ◽

10.3390/sym13040598 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (4) ◽

pp. 598

Author(s):

Massimiliano Pau ◽

Bruno Leban ◽

Michela Deidda ◽

Federica Putzolu ◽

Micaela Porta ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Multiple Sclerosis ◽

Lower Limb ◽

Sagittal Plane ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Camera Motion ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Temporal Parameters ◽

Wide Range ◽

Edss Score ◽

Spatio Temporal

The majority of people with Multiple Sclerosis (pwMS), report lower limb motor dysfunctions, which may relevantly affect postural control, gait and a wide range of activities of daily living. While it is quite common to observe a different impact of the disease on the two limbs (i.e., one of them is more affected), less clear are the effects of such asymmetry on gait performance. The present retrospective cross-sectional study aimed to characterize the magnitude of interlimb asymmetry in pwMS, particularly as regards the joint kinematics, using parameters derived from angle-angle diagrams. To this end, we analyzed gait patterns of 101 pwMS (55 women, 46 men, mean age 46.3, average Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) score 3.5, range 1–6.5) and 81 unaffected individuals age- and sex-matched who underwent 3D computerized gait analysis carried out using an eight-camera motion capture system. Spatio-temporal parameters and kinematics in the sagittal plane at hip, knee and ankle joints were considered for the analysis. The angular trends of left and right sides were processed to build synchronized angle–angle diagrams (cyclograms) for each joint, and symmetry was assessed by computing several geometrical features such as area, orientation and Trend Symmetry. Based on cyclogram orientation and Trend Symmetry, the results show that pwMS exhibit significantly greater asymmetry in all three joints with respect to unaffected individuals. In particular, orientation values were as follows: 5.1 of pwMS vs. 1.6 of unaffected individuals at hip joint, 7.0 vs. 1.5 at knee and 6.4 vs. 3.0 at ankle (p < 0.001 in all cases), while for Trend Symmetry we obtained at hip 1.7 of pwMS vs. 0.3 of unaffected individuals, 4.2 vs. 0.5 at knee and 8.5 vs. 1.5 at ankle (p < 0.001 in all cases). Moreover, the same parameters were sensitive enough to discriminate individuals of different disability levels. With few exceptions, all the calculated symmetry parameters were found significantly correlated with the main spatio-temporal parameters of gait and the EDSS score. In particular, large correlations were detected between Trend Symmetry and gait speed (with rho values in the range of –0.58 to –0.63 depending on the considered joint, p < 0.001) and between Trend Symmetry and EDSS score (rho = 0.62 to 0.69, p < 0.001). Such results suggest not only that MS is associated with significantly marked interlimb asymmetry during gait but also that such asymmetry worsens as the disease progresses and that it has a relevant impact on gait performances.

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Minimum acceptable diet among children aged 6–23 months in South Kivu, Democratic Republic of Congo: a community-based cross-sectional study

BMC Pediatrics ◽

10.1186/s12887-021-02713-0 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Richard Mbusa Kambale ◽

Gaylord Amani Ngaboyeka ◽

Joe Bwija Kasengi ◽

Sarah Niyitegeka ◽

Boss Rutakaza Cinkenye ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Democratic Republic ◽

Democratic Republic Of Congo ◽

Feeding Practices ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Community Based ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Republic Of Congo ◽

Wide Range ◽

South Kivu

Abstract Background Suboptimal child nutrition remains the main factor underlying child undernutrition in Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC). This study aimed to assess the prevalence of minimum acceptable diet and associated factors among children aged 6–23 months old. Methods Community-based cross-sectional study including 742 mothers with children aged 6–23 months old was conducted in 2 Health Zones of South Kivu, Eastern DRC. WHO indicators of Infant and Young Child Feeding (IYCF) regarding complementary feeding practices were used. Logistic regression analysis was used to quantify the association between sociodemographic indicators and adequate minimum acceptable diet for both univariate and multivariate analysis. Results Overall, 33% of infants had minimum acceptable diet. After controlling for a wide range of covariates, residence urban area (AOR 2.39; 95% CI 1.43, 3.85), attendance postnatal care (AOR 1.68; 95% CI 1.12, 2.97), education status of mother (AOR 1.83; 95% CI 1.20, 2.77) and household socioeconomic status (AOR 1.72; 95% CI 1.14, 2.59) were factors positively associated with minimum acceptable diet. Conclusion Actions targeting these factors are expected to improve infant feeding practices in South Kivu.

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Allergic rhinitis, asthma and laryngopharyngeal reflux disease: a cross-sectional study on their reciprocal relations

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-020-80793-1 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Ameer Kakaje ◽

Mohammad Marwan Alhalabi ◽

Ayham Alyousbashi ◽

Ayham Ghareeb

Keyword(s):

Allergic Rhinitis ◽

Reflux Disease ◽

Medical Condition ◽

Laryngopharyngeal Reflux ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Reflux Symptom Index ◽

Symptom Index ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Wide Range

AbstractAllergic rhinitis (AR) is a common medical condition worldwide. It is an inflammation in the nasal mucosa due to allergen exposure throughout the year. Laryngopharyngeal reflux (LPR) is another medical condition that can overlap with AR. LPR can be considered an extra oesophageal manifestation of gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (GORD) or a different entity. Its diagnosis imposes a real challenge as it has a wide range of unspecific symptoms. Although AR and LPR are not life-threatening, they can severely affect the quality of life for years and cause substantial distress. Moreover, having AR is associated with having asthma which is also in turn associated with GORD. This is a cross-sectional study which used surveys distributed online on Social Media and targeted people across Syria. All participants who responded to the key questions were included. Reflux symptom index (RSI) was used for LPR, and score for allergic rhinitis (SFAR) was used for AR. Demographic questions and whether the participant had asthma were also included in the survey. We found that there was an association between the symptoms of LPR and AR p < 0.0001 (OR, 2.592; 95% CI 1.846–3.639), and their scores were significantly correlated (r = 0.334). Having asthma was associated with LPR symptoms p = 0.0002 (OR 3.096; 95% CI 1.665–5.759) and AR p < 0.0001 (OR 6.772; 95% CI 2.823–16.248). We concluded that there was a significant association between having LPR, AR, and asthma. We need more studies to distinguish between their common symptoms and aetiologies.

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Removable denture is a risk indicator for peri-implantitis and facilitates expansion of specific periodontopathogens: a cross-sectional study

BMC Oral Health ◽

10.1186/s12903-021-01529-9 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Jasmin Grischke ◽

Szymon P. Szafrański ◽

Uthayakumar Muthukumarasamy ◽

Susanne Haeussler ◽

Meike Stiesch

Keyword(s):

Bacterial Species ◽

Positive Association ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Risk Indicators ◽

Risk Indicator ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Significant Positive Association ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Linear Discriminant ◽

Removable Denture

Abstract Background The prevalence of peri-implantitis ranges between 7 and 38.4% depending on risk indicators such as smoking, diabetes mellitus, lack of periodontal maintenance program, and history or presence of periodontitis. Currently, the possible effect of the type of superstructure on peri-implant health is unclear. This cross-sectional study aims to investigate the influence of the superstructure on the prevalence of peri-implant mucositis, peri-implantitis and peri-implant dysbiosis. Methods During a 32-month recruitment period dental implants were assessed to diagnose healthy peri-implant tissues, mucositis or peri-implantitis. The study included 1097 implants in 196 patients. Out of all peri-implantitis cases 20 randomly chosen submucosal biofilms from implants with fixed denture (FD) originating from 13 patients and 11 biofilms from implants with removable dentures (RD) originating from 3 patients were studied for microbiome analysis. Composition of transcriptionally active biofilms was revealed by RNAseq. Metatranscriptomic profiles were created for thirty-one peri-implant biofilms suffering from peri-implantitis and microbiome changes associated with superstructure types were identified. Results 16.41% of the implants were diagnosed with peri-implantitis, 25.00% of implants with RD and 12.68% of implants with FD, respectively. Multivariate analysis showed a significant positive association on patient (p = < 0.001) and implant level (p = 0.03) between the prevalence of peri-implantitis and RD. Eight bacterial species were associated either with FD or RD by linear discriminant analysis effect size method. However, significant intergroup confounders (e.g. smoking) were present. Conclusions Within the limitations of the present work, RDs appear to be a risk indicator for peri-implantitis and seem to facilitate expansion of specific periodontopathogens. Potential ecological and pathological consequences of shift in microbiome from RDs towards higher activity of Fusobacterium nucleatum subspecies animalis and Prevotella intermedia require further investigation.

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Assessing the Preparedness of Healthcare Facilities for Disasters and Emergencies in Damghan, Iran

Disaster Medicine and Public Health Preparedness ◽

10.1017/dmp.2021.104 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-7

Author(s):

Behrad Pourmohammadi ◽

Ahad Heydari ◽

Farin Fatemi ◽

Ali Modarresi

Keyword(s):

Health Care ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Health Care Facilities ◽

Mitigation Measures ◽

Health Staff ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Healthcare Facilities ◽

Wide Range ◽

Care Facilities ◽

The Impact

Abstract Objectives: Iran is exposed to a wide range of natural and man-made hazards. Health-care facilities can play a significant role in providing life-saving measures in the minutes and hours immediately following the impact or exposure. The aim of this study was to determine the preparedness of health-care facilities in disasters and emergencies. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in Damghan, Semnan Province, in 2019. The samples consisted of all the 11 health-care facilities located in Damghan County. A developed checklist was used to collect the data, including 272 questions in 4 sections: understanding threatening hazards, functional, structural, and nonstructural vulnerability of health-care facilities. The data were analyzed using SPSS 21. Results: The results revealed that the health-care facilities were exposed to 22 different natural and man-made hazards throughout the county. The total level of preparedness of the health-care centers under assessment was 45.8%. The average functional, structural, and nonstructural vulnerability was assessed at 49.3%, 31.6%, and 56.4%, respectively. Conclusions: Conducting mitigation measures is necessary for promoting the functional and structural preparedness. Disaster educational programs and exercises are recommended among the health staff in health-care facilities.

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