scholarly journals Substantiation and development of the economic-mathematical model of rational drug provision for certain categories of citizens attached to military medical organizations

2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 187-194
Author(s):  
Yu V Miroshnichenko ◽  
M P Shcherba ◽  
O I Bychkova ◽  
N M Pilnik
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Petri Nets ◽  
Maximum Efficiency ◽  
Drug Supply ◽  
Material Resources ◽  
Information Interaction ◽  
Rational Drug ◽  
Legal Space ◽  
Drug Provision ◽  
Different Levels

In modern socio-economic conditions, the maximum efficiency of the use of funds allocated from budgets of different levels to finance federal, regional and departmental programs for providing medicines is required. In connection with it, there is a need to justify and develop a model of rational drug supply for certain categories of citizens attached to military medical organizations that will visually reflect the functioning of military and civilian health in a single organizational and legal space, with the elimination of duplication of functions and powers of government. Approaches to the development of a model of rational drug provision are substantiated, while modeling the mathematical apparatus of Petri nets. A characteristic of the existing model of drug supply based on Petri nets for certain categories of citizens attached to military medical organizations is presented. The irrationality of the existing order of drug provision is proved, which results in an increase in the resource burden on public health in general. The model of rational drug supply of patients attached to military medical organizations that excludes duplication of provision of medicines by citizens within the framework of military and civil health is substantiated and developed; optimizes the distribution of rights, powers and responsibilities between military and civil health; ensures the coherence of military and civil health activities in the provision of medicines on the basis of information interaction; contributes to the preservation of financial, information and material resources in public health, as well as their balanced and rational use.

scholarly journals Overuse of Health Care in the Emergency Services in Chile

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (6) ◽  
pp. 3082
Author(s):  
Ximena Alvial ◽  
Alejandra Rojas ◽  
Raúl Carrasco ◽  
Claudia Durán ◽  
Christian Fernández-Campusano
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Emergency Services ◽  
Clinical Care ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Public Health Policies ◽  
The Public ◽  
Healthcare Network ◽  
Use Of Emergency Services ◽  
Low Coverage ◽  
Different Levels

The Public Health Service in Chile consists of different levels of complexity and coverage depending on the severity and degree of specialization of the pathology to be treated. From primary to tertiary care, tertiary care is highly complex and has low coverage. This work focuses on an analysis of the public health system with emphasis on the healthcare network and tertiary care, whose objectives are designed to respond to the needs of each patient. A review of the literature and a field study of the problem of studying the perception of internal and external users is presented. This study intends to be a contribution in the detection of opportunities for the relevant actors and the processes involved through the performance of Triage. The main causes and limitations of the excessive use of emergency services in Chile are analyzed and concrete proposals are generated aiming to benefit clinical care in emergency services. Finally, improvements related to management are proposed and the main aspects are determined to improve decision-making in hospitals, which could be a contribution to public health policies.

scholarly journals Increasing presence of xylazine in heroin and/or fentanyl deaths, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 2010–2019

2021 ◽  
pp. injuryprev-2020-043968
Author(s):  
Jewell Johnson ◽  
Lia Pizzicato ◽  
Caroline Johnson ◽  
Kendra Viner
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
United States ◽  
Drug Users ◽  
Active Drug ◽  
Illicit Drug ◽  
Adverse Outcomes ◽  
Drug Supply ◽  
Health Consequences ◽  
Potential Health ◽  
The Usa

Reports from active drug users state that xylazine, the veterinary tranquilliser, has been increasing in the illicit drug supply in Philadelphia. To describe trends and characteristics of unintentional deaths from heroin and/or fentanyl overdose with xylazine detections occurring in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, the Philadelphia Department of Public Health analysed data on deaths from unintentional heroin and/or fentanyl overdose from the Philadelphia Medical Examiner’s Office over a 10-year period (2010–2019). Xylazine went from being detected in less than 2% cases of fatal heroin and/or fentanyl overdose between 2010 and 2015 to 262 (31%) of the 858 fatal heroin and/or fentanyl overdose cases in 2019. Currently, information is limited on the presence of xylazine in continental United States. Xylazine’s association with adverse outcomes in other locations indicates that potential health consequences should also be monitored in the USA. Whenever possible, jurisdictions should consistently test for xylazine.

Pharmacoeconomical approaches for assessing the rational use of ophthalmic drugs in polyclinic settings

2021 ◽  
pp. 143-145
Author(s):  
N.A. Nefedov ◽  
◽  
D.S. Ramonas ◽  
B.G. Khasanov ◽  
A.S. Alexandrov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fold Increase ◽  
Eye Drops ◽  
Ophthalmic Drugs ◽  
Rational Use ◽  
Rational Drug ◽  
Acquisition Costs ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Drug Provision ◽  
Combined Drugs

Purpose. To evaluate the results of the rational use of ophthalmic medicines with the use of pharmacoeconomical analysis. Material and methods. With the help of ABC-VEN analysis, a comparative study of the quality of pharmacotherapy and drug provision of patients who were monitored and treated by an ophthalmologist of the polyclinic in 2015 and 2019 was conducted. Results. As a result, it was found that the share of costs for vital drugs increased by 10.1% and amounted to 71.1% in 2019, which corresponds to the standardized criterion (70-80%). There was a reduction in the cost of purchasing secondary drugs by 7.6%, which indicates a rational drug supply of ophthalmic drugs. The most commonly used drugs for the treatment of glaucoma were 27.8% in 2015 and 35.1% in 2019. The share of their acquisition costs was 54.9% and 67.9%, respectively. There was a significant increase in the range and number of drugs for the treatment of patients with glaucoma: a 2.8-fold increase in the number of purchased eye drops for monotherapy and a 12% increase in the number of combined drugs. Conclusion. Pharmacoeconomical analysis showed an optimization of spending money on the purchase of drugs used in ophthalmology: an increase of 10.1% in the share of vital drugs and a decrease of 7.6% in the cost of purchasing secondary drugs. There was an increase in the range and quantity of drugs for the treatment of patients with glaucoma. Key words: ABC-VEN-analysis, drugs, ophthalmology, pharmacoeconomics.

scholarly journals The 4-Level Approach: Prevention of Suicidal Behaviour Through Community-Based Intervention

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ulrich Hegerl ◽  
Ines Heinz ◽  
Ainslie O'Connor ◽  
Hannah Reich
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Primary Care ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Suicidal Behaviour ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Community Based Interventions ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Four Levels ◽  
The Many ◽  
Different Levels

Due to the many different factors contributing to diagnostic and therapeutic deficits concerning depression and the risk of suicidal behaviour, community-based interventions combining different measures are considered the most efficient way to address these important areas of public health. The network of the European Alliance Against Depression has implemented in more than 120 regions within and outside of Europe community-based 4-level-interventions that combine activities at four levels: (i) primary care, (ii) general public, (iii) community facilitators and gatekeepers (e.g., police, journalists, caregivers, pharmacists, and teachers), and (iv) patients, individuals at high risk and their relatives. This review will discuss lessons learned from these broad implementation activities. These include targeting depression and suicidal behaviour within one approach; being simultaneously active on the four different levels; promoting bottom-up initiatives; and avoiding any cooperation with the pharmaceutical industry for reasons of credibility.

Vaccines for Pandemic and Epidemic Diseases: Towards Defining the Space of EU Public Health between Security Policy and a Transnational Market

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 686-699
Author(s):  
Marco RIZZI
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Public Health Policy ◽  
Security Policy ◽  
Policy Debate ◽  
Key Players ◽  
Past Experiences ◽  
Market Pressures ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
Epidemic Diseases ◽  
The Eu

AbstractThe EU is continuously developing strategies, policies and regulations to confront pandemic and epidemic diseases. The actions of the EU in this field do not happen in a vacuum but are instead embedded in a complex international and transnational network. This article suggests the existence of a tension between public health policy and a twofold set of competing considerations: growing security concerns and market pressures. To structure the argument the article examines three distinct but related aspects: first, it clarifies the different levels of decision-making impacting on the EU’s policy and regulation of vaccines for PEDs: these levels are described as international, transnational and domestic, and the key players involved at each level are also identified; second, it analyses levels of responsiveness to and preparedness for outbreaks and analyses how past experiences have oriented the policy debate; third, it discusses issues of accountability of vaccine developers, authorising authorities and rule-makers involved in preparedness and response to emerging PEDs.

New Models for Motor Control

1989 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 173-183 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer S. Altman ◽  
Jenny Kien
Keyword(s):  
Distributed Control ◽  
Hierarchical Control ◽  
Sensory Information ◽  
Striking Similarity ◽  
Maximum Efficiency ◽  
Behavioral Choice ◽  
Modular Control ◽  
Superficial Resemblance ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
Command Center

What do a prototype robot (Brooks 1989) and a model for the control of behavioral choice in insects (Altman and Kien 1987a) have in common? And what do they share with a scratching cat (Shadmehr 1989)? The answer is distributed control systems that do not depend on a central command center for the execution of behavioral outputs. The first two in particular are examples of a growing trend to replace the long-held concept of linear hierarchical control of motor output with one of decentralized, distributed control, with inputs at many levels and the output a consensus of the activity in several centers. Brooks (1989) describes a six-legged machine that, in its most advanced form, can walk over rough terrain and prowl around following a source of warmth, such as a person. The six legs, chosen as a compromise between stability and ease of coordination, give the robot a superficial resemblance to an insect — but the similarity goes deeper. The modular control system, designed strictly on engineering principles for maximum efficiency and economy, bears a striking similarity to the model we have proposed elsewhere (Altman and Kien 1987a) to describe the organization of the motor system in insects such as the locust. In both systems, the same set of components can generate different behaviors, depending on the context, and similar principles govern the generation of different levels of behavior, from movements of a single leg to coordinated responses of the whole beast. Neither requires a single center for integrating all sensory information and conflicts tend to be resolved by consensus at the motor level.

THE METHOD OF FORECASTING AS AN IMPORTANT STAGE IN SOLVING THE PROBLEMS FACING HEALTH IN THE FIELD OF MEDICAL CARE OF THE POPULATION

2020 ◽  
Vol 73 (11) ◽  
pp. 2507-2511
Author(s):  
Ivanna V. Sakhanda ◽  
Rimma L. Skrypnyk ◽  
Kostyantyn L. Kosyachenko ◽  
Lena L. Davtian ◽  
Olena V. Welchinska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Economic Factors ◽  
Plant Origin ◽  
Medicinal Products ◽  
Government Programs ◽  
Important Stage ◽  
Forecasting Methods ◽  
Statistical Studies ◽  
Socio Demographic Factors ◽  
Drug Provision

The aim: Of the work is to investigate and prove the effectiveness of medicinal products of plant origin for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. Materials and methods: Pharmacoeconomic, social, medical demographic and statistical studies were studied. The study involved cardiologists, pharmacists, consumers of pharmacies and patients of cardiology departments. Results: Forecasting the need for cardiac medicines in general, and in medicinal products of plant origin (MP PO), in particular, is increasing as the population, life expectancy, under the influence of socio-demographic factors, and, most importantly, the increase in the number of elderly people. When solving problems facing public health in the field of drug provision of the population, a regular analysis of the pharmaceutical market and a forecast of the need for medicines in the context of the pharmacotherapeutic group that is being studied are necessary. An important stage in the choice of forecasting methods is the possibility of attracting the required number of indicators, which is a characteristic of the normative method, whose accessibility and simplicity make it possible to use it by specialists who do not have special mathematical training at the level of medical and pharmaceutical organizations. Conclusions: Prevention of diseases should be based on the implementation of government programs for prevention and promotion of health. This will improve and actively use methods of early detection of social and economic factors, which is a threat of development of diseases of the cardiovascular system.

scholarly journals In/Visible Physical Education and the Public Health Agenda of Physical Literacy Development in Hong Kong

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (9) ◽  
pp. 3304 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kim-Wai Raymond Sum ◽  
Ming-Hui Li ◽  
Siu-Ming Choi ◽  
Yan Huang ◽  
Rui-Si Ma
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Hong Kong ◽  
Physical Education ◽  
Chinese Culture ◽  
Tertiary Education ◽  
Physical Literacy ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
Health Agenda

In this article, we will explore the recent development of physical literacy in the Hong Kong context and how the concept and operation of physical literacy implicitly exist at different levels of the Hong Kong education system. The Physical Education profession will be introduced. The development of physical literacy in terms of research and operationalization in primary, secondary, and tertiary education will then be discussed. We will go on to explore the challenges of extending the impact of physical literacy to the field of public health in Hong Kong. The article will end with a closing remark adopting the Chinese philosophies of Confucianism and Taoism to justify the belief that physical literacy is both implicitly and invisibly rooted in the Hong Kong Chinese culture.

scholarly journals METHODOLOGIC ELEMENTS NECESSARY IN MAKING FORECASTS FOR REGIONAL

2008 ◽  
pp. 103
Author(s):  
Dumitru Timerman ◽  
Mihai Deju
Keyword(s):  
Public Investment ◽  
Maximum Efficiency ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Structural Funds ◽  
Potential Development ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Regional Economic Disparities ◽  
Regional Forecasts ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
Global Data

Regional picture appear two Romanians: a richer, which includes the Bucharest-Ilfov, West and Center and a poor, other regions. Among the most competitive districts are Ilfov (8. 553 euro per capita), Timiş (7. 931 euro per capita), Braşov (7. 108 euro per capita), Arad (6. 675 euro per capita), Cluj (6. 561 euro per capita), Constanta (6. 368 euro per capita), and among the poorest - Botosani (2. 745 euro per capita) and Vaslui (2. 930 euro per capita). According to a report by the National Prognosis Commission (CNP), while Bucharest-Ilfov region will have a GDP per capita of 11. 694 euros next year, the Northeast will remain poverty pole, 3. 826 euro per capita. Economists argue that, if not reduce disparities, mainly through public investment, we could assist in disruption of important social and economic environment. Lowering differences would include the maintenance of close growth rates of GDP / capita, and these important gaps. Economic analysts draw attention to the dangers which may arise due to different levels of development. Develop forecasts in territorial - at regional or county-is a necessary and useful approach in the perspective of Romania in the European Union. From this point of the assessment of regional economic disparities and the potential development of each area provides an important support kinesiology orientation and use with maximum efficiency of the structural funds and cohesion funds that Romania will benefit by integrating. Regional forecasts provide information on possible future development, with employment in the global data of the national economy as a whole.

scholarly journals Substantiation and development of rational economic and pharmaceutical mechanisms of drug supply of certain categories of citizens attached to military medical organizations

2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 185-192
Author(s):  
Yu V Miroshnichenko ◽  
M P Scherba
Keyword(s):  
Information Exchange ◽  
Financial Burden ◽  
Access To Medicines ◽  
Vulnerable Groups ◽  
Drug Supply ◽  
Financial Flows ◽  
Material Resources ◽  
Theoretical Approaches ◽  
Military Healthcare ◽  
Socially Vulnerable Groups

Despite the positive changes in the regulation of the accordance of benefits at the federal and regional levels, this problem has not been sufficiently studied so far in the area of organizational and legal interaction between civil and military healthcare. The current order of drug supply to certain categories of citizens attached to military medical organizations results in an unjustified expenditure of resources and an increase in the burden on healthcare, which indicates the irrationality of the existing mechanisms of drug supply. In this regard, it is necessary to develop rational economic and pharmaceutical mechanisms, as a set of methods for managing and interacting the entities that determine the order of drug supply for certain categories of citizens, while optimizing the financial, information and material resources of military and civilian healthcare. Theoretical approaches to the formation of rational economic and pharmaceutical mechanisms of drug supply are presented. Rational economic and pharmaceutical mechanisms of drug supply of certain categories of citizens attached to military medical organizations have been substantiated and developed. The characteristic of integration and coordination mechanisms of interaction of military and civil health on drug supply of certain categories of citizens in a single legal space is given. As the basic mechanisms of coordination of interaction are given: information exchange; standardization; direct supervision. The results of an assessment of sound and developed rational economic and pharmaceutical mechanisms of drug supply in the areas of organizational, social and economic efficiency are presented. It is noted that the implementation of the mechanisms of drug supply in the system of preferential drug supply can contribute to the formation of a system of drug supply balanced with the available resources of the country’s population; the formation of economic and social responsibility at each level of decision-making; the optimization of transparency and controllability of financial flows; the optimization of the financial burden on the federal, regional and departmental budgets; the equal access to medicines for all categories of citizens; guaranteed drug supply to socially vulnerable groups of the population.

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