scholarly journals For the 100 year anniversary of Prof. R.R. Makarov

2021 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 94-96
Author(s):  
Ju. V. Tsvelev
Keyword(s):  
Peasant Family ◽  
The Village

Roman Romanovich Makarov was born on June 12, 1901 in the village of Vitino in the Peterhof district of the Petersburg province, into a large peasant family, in which there were 9 other children besides him.

Associate Professor Khabibulla Nurmukhametovich Amirov (for the 100th anniversary of his birth)

2001 ◽  
Vol 82 (3) ◽  
pp. 234-235
Author(s):  
E. S. Valishin
Keyword(s):  
Associate Professor ◽  
100Th Anniversary ◽  
Medical Faculty ◽  
Human Anatomy ◽  
State University ◽  
Financial Difficulties ◽  
Normal Human ◽  
Peasant Family ◽  
The University ◽  
The Village

Khabibulla Nurmukhametovich Amirov was born on May 18, 1901 in the village of Tat. Tashaevo of the Nurlatsky district of Tatarstan in a working peasant family. His early desire for knowledge prompted him to move to his brother in Chita as a child, where he graduated from the parish school of the 1st stage in 1916, and in 1923 from the parish school of the 2nd stage. Having shown outstanding performance, curiosity and a great thirst for knowledge over the years of study, after graduating from college, he was sent to continue his studies at the Medical Faculty of Kazan State University. From the very first days of his stay at the university, he takes up his studies with great zeal, paying great attention to a new and unfamiliar subject normal human anatomy. However, experiencing great financial difficulties, he was forced to interrupt his studies at the university. From 1924 to 1927, the young man worked as a nurse in the Zabulachno-Pletenevsky skin and venereological dispensary of the Tatnarkomzdrav, and only after the appointment of a special family scholarship, he was able to continue his studies.

Redefining the Peasant Community in Medieval England: The Regional Perspective

1987 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 163-207 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne Reiber DeWindt
Keyword(s):  
Small Towns ◽  
Household Structure ◽  
Behavior Patterns ◽  
Marriage Patterns ◽  
Village Community ◽  
History Of ◽  
Peasant Community ◽  
Peasant Family ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
The Village

Historians of the medieval English peasantry have tended to assume that the history of peasants and their culture can best be revealed through the history of the village as a social and economic unit. As a result, the important recent advances in our understanding of peasant culture have been made by historians who, borrowing heavily from the disciplines of sociology and anthropology, have written studies of particular villages or small towns. The mystique of the “village community” has retained a hold on the historian's imagination. Even as the peasant and his family now attract more attention from scholars, studies of family size, household structure, and inheritance and marriage patterns are usually carried out within the context of a particular village or small town, largely because collections of local records naturally coalesce around a parish name. These close examinations of specific vills have been made possible primarily through the exploitation of the village court rolls that survive from the mid-thirteenth century. Ironically, it has been these very village court rolls that, in the end, have forcefully demonstrated that the assumptions identifying peasant history with village history must now be abandoned.The numerous studies of medieval English villages that have made possible the study of peasant family structure and behavior are now demonstrating that the history of the peasant family and the history of the particular village must part company. Certainly, the study of a single series of village court rolls makes possible the discovery within the village of family groups with characteristic behavior patterns.

I

2018 ◽  
pp. 1-18
Keyword(s):  
Middle Class ◽  
Primary School ◽  
Uttar Pradesh ◽  
Young Age ◽  
School Education ◽  
Economic Aspects ◽  
Peasant Family ◽  
Eastern Uttar Pradesh ◽  
The Village

Sahajanand was born on Mahashivaratri in 1889 in the village Deva, Ghazipur district, Uttar Pradesh, in a middle-class peasant family of Jhujhautiya Brahmins who had migrated from Bundelkhand. Young Sahajanand (called Navrang Rai in his childhood) turned out to be precocious child. This chapter deals with his primary school education, refers to his early spiritual proclivity which was further ignited by his co-villager Harinarayan Pandey. It was from Pandey that he learnt all kinds of rituals and other religious ceremonies which he started practising at a very young age. In spite of all this attraction towards religion, he retained his rationality—a trait which he retained throughout his life. The chapter also discusses the socio-economic aspects of eastern Uttar Pradesh.

Heidi in Technological Society

Worldview ◽  
1973 ◽  
Vol 16 (10) ◽  
pp. 25-30
Author(s):  
Benjamin R. Barber
Keyword(s):  
Sixteenth Century ◽  
Alpine Meadow ◽  
Young Girl ◽  
Industrial Society ◽  
Technological Society ◽  
Milk Processing ◽  
Big City ◽  
Peasant Family ◽  
The Village ◽  
The Way

small Alpine village in the shadow of mountains that have watched impassively the coming of industrial society. A remarkable study in contrasts. A massive peasant house built in the sixteenth century across the street from a completely automated milk-processing center. Smooth machines now handle a host of functions that were once the work of the peasant family across the way. A swaying cable car carries foreign tourists up over common land that the village is no longer populous enough to cultivate. A young girl can be seen haying on the side of an Alpine meadow worked by her ancestors, but she is wearing a miniskirt and rib sweater, and she is soon on her way to a big-city salesgirl apprenticeship.

scholarly journals THE SOVIET POLITICAL AND LEGAL RULES AS ONE OF THE FACTORS OF THE FORMALITY OF THE MILITARY UKRAINIAN VILLAGE

2020 ◽  
pp. 202-210
Author(s):  
B. Марченко
Keyword(s):  
Everyday Life ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Collective Farm ◽  
Tax Rate ◽  
Industrial Buildings ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Peasant Family ◽  
The Village ◽  
Collective Farms

The given article deals with the influence of Soviet political and legal regulations on the everyday life of a post-war Ukrainian village. The level of topic development in the scientific literature was analyzed. A considerable source group consists of materials, connected with the party and economic documents. They give an opportunity to find out those aspects of rural everyday life, which deals with the peasants’ manufacturing life, tangible security, village specialists supporting, etc. It was found that there were statutory regulations, that determined the permissible size properties. Excessive land was divested from the peasants, which caused their resistance and indignation. Therefore, it influenced the family’s nutrition. It was revealed that the decree of 1948, according to which the agricultural tax rate increased, affected negatively to the financial possibilities of the peasant family. Before this decree, families whose relatives died in the war and did not have able-bodied workers, except for widows, especially with children under the age of 8, were completely exempt from tax. Now they had to pay 50% of the tax. The laws concerning the production sphere of the village were analyzed. For example, the decree «About the eviction of people who viciously evade work in agriculture and lead an antisocial, parasitic lifestyle from the Ukrainian SSR» should have influenced the peasants’ attitude to work in the collective farm. It empowered the local authorities to settle the issue of exportation outside the village, the republic of virtually any peasant farmer who did not work minimum hours, as well as the residents of the village who were not members of the collective farm through the collective farms and village gatherings. In making a decision, often reasons were not usually taken into account. A significant number of sentences was unfair. The problem of the rehabilitation of rural housing was considered. In 1945. a decree was adopted, named «About the construction of residential buildings of collective farmers, industrial buildings, cultural and household structures in the countryside». It shifted the main construction works, including the provision of building materials, to the collective farms.

O casă, o poveste. Casă țărănească din satul Sucutard, comuna Geaca, județul Cluj - Parcul Etnografic „Romulus Vuia”

2018 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
pp. 216-231
Author(s):  
Carmen Raicu ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Personal Experience ◽  
Close Relation ◽  
The Core ◽  
The People ◽  
Historical Figures ◽  
The Family ◽  
The Status ◽  
Peasant Family ◽  
The Village ◽  
The Way

The aim of describing the house from Sucutard village, exhibited in the The National Ethnographic Park “Romulus Vuia” in Cluj-Napoca, is to better understand the way of living for a peasant family in a Transylvanian village, in the second half of the XIXth century and the first half of the XXth century. In this respect, I interviewed the family descendants, who lived in this house themselves during their childhood and early teenage years. Their personal experience made this research closer to the reality and gave a sense of authenticity. The interviews took place both in the village, on the very ground where the house was originally built and also in the actual place, where it has been moved in 1966. The house is described in close relation with the people that lived in it – moments in which important events with historical figures took place in its yard, the close connection with all the other peasants in the village, their occupations, their day-to-day life inside and outside the house, traditions. Each part of the house and also the surroundings have some story connected to the the way it was used or built. This travel back in time is important in order to see some of the values that were at the core of the peasants’ life in the northern Transylvanian villages and that remained the same, although there were huge changes in the status of the region. In the related period of time, from 1878 up to 1966, the region was part of Hungary during the Austro-Hungarian Dualism up to 1918, part of Romania up to 1940, part of Hungary up to 1944 and again part of Romania afterwords. Of course all this course of events affected the village but in their house and in their yard, the peasants continued to live, in essence, as they always did.

scholarly journals Contradictions in the Conservation and Development of the Social Resources of the Village

2020 ◽  
pp. 37-46
Author(s):  
Peter Velikiy ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Time Lag ◽  
Social Philosophy ◽  
Social Resources ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Industrial Complex ◽  
The Social ◽  
Peasant Family ◽  
The Village

When the quantity and quality of material and social resources are discussed, the question always arises, why are such proportions formed, and not others? Prolonged inattention to the central problems of the village leads to the fact that it is experiencing a crisis of creation. The article analyzes the dominant meanings of the purpose of the agrarian system of society, which determine the priorities of its development, from the position of the social philosophy of understanding contradictions and on the facts of self-movement of the Russian village and agricultural production. The agrosphere contains deep contradictions, primarily in the state of social resources – the intellectual, spiritual, moral, and professional potential of the village, contrary to the victorious realities about the success of the agro-industrial complex. The institutionalization and practices of including the population in independent management over the past decades have resulted in a fragmented system, in which the leading place is occupied by large structures that perform not only positive, but also destructive creation in the country. The author gives two examples of the way of life of a peasant family with a time lag of 150 years and reflects on the problems of labor overload of agricultural workers. The article reveals the specifics of the main contradictions in understanding the current situation, highlights the elements of each side that have the potential for assimilation. The author states the existence of contradictions between the dominance of large organizations of the divisional type within the fragmented economic structure of the village and the limited living space of peasant society. The author draws attention to the phenomenon of communication, constructed by such elements as communication, information and understanding. The article emphasizes the need to understand the situation of rural areas and the agricultural sector from the point of view of their own capabilities.

scholarly journals Academician Nikolai Nikodimovich Malinovsky (1921–2018) (to the 100th anniversary of the birth)

2021 ◽  
Vol 180 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-9
Author(s):  
A. A. Kurygin ◽  
V. V. Semenov ◽  
I. S. Tarbaev
Keyword(s):  
Doctoral Dissertation ◽  
Medical Institute ◽  
Experimental Surgery ◽  
Scientific Center ◽  
Russian Scientific ◽  
Scientific Papers ◽  
Peasant Family ◽  
Academy Of Sciences ◽  
The Village

Professor Nikolai Nikodimovich Malinovsky was born on January 1, 1921 in the village of Zheltki, Vileisky district, Minsk region of Belarus, in a peasant family. In 1944, N. N. Malinovsky entered the Minsk Medical Institute and in 1948 graduated with honors. In 1954, he defended his thesis «Experimental observations during cardiac probing and angiocardiography». In 1957, he came to the Department of Hospital Surgery of the 1st MMI named after I. M. Sechenov at the invitation of B. V. Petrovsky, elected head of this Department. In 1964, N. N. Malinovsky defended his doctoral dissertation «Thrombosis of the left atrium and its ear in patients with mitral stenosis». In 1965, he was elected professor at the Department of Hospital Surgery of the 1st MMI, and in 1970, he became the head of the clinical department of the All-Union Research Institute of Clinical and Experimental Surgery of the Ministry of Health of the USSR (now FSBNU «Russian Scientific Center of Surgery named after acad. B. V. Petrovsky». N. N. Malinovsky’s scientific research was devoted to topical surgical problems, primarily cardiac surgery. One of the first in our country, he successfully performed embolectomy from the pulmonary artery. In addition, he was the author and co-author of more than 400 scientific papers, including 7 monographs, a practical guide to surgical diseases, one of the sections of the «Atlas of Thoracic Surgery», and a co-author of the monograph widely known among cardiovascular surgeons «Emergency Heart and Vascular Surgery» (edited by B. V. Petrovsky and M. E. DeBeiki). Academician N. N. Malinovsky – laureate of two State Prizes of the USSR (1985, 1987) and the Prize of the Russian Academy of Sciences named after A. N. Bakulev (2007), Honored Scientist of the Uzbek SSR (1979). For more than 25 years, Nikolai Nikodimovich worked as editor-in-chief of the journal «Surgery named after N. I. Pirogov», and also for many years was a member of the editorial board of the journal «Vestnik RAMS». Academician N.N. Malinovsky died on January 24, 2018 and was buried at the Troekurovsky cemetery in Moscow.

scholarly journals A Life in The Museum: An Homage to Dr. Dumitru Murariu at 80 Years

2020 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
pp. 279-311
Author(s):  
Luis Ovidiu Popa ◽  
Oana Paula Popa
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Military Service ◽  
Assistant Professor ◽  
Academic Excellence ◽  
First Child ◽  
Public Garden ◽  
Home Village ◽  
Peasant Family ◽  
The University ◽  
The Village

Dr. Dumitru Murariu was born on September 21, 1940 in Ungureni, Botoşani County, as the first child in a peasant family. He attended primary and secondary school in his home village. Since the beginning he proved himself to be one of the brightest students in the class and, as a consequence, the school teachers advised his parents to have him continue his education. At the end of secondary school, the young Dumitru Murariu enrolled at the “August Treboniu Laurian” theoretical 280 Popa & Popa high school in the city of Botoşani. During these years (1955–1957), the teacher of “the Fundamentals of Darwinism” made a strong impression on the future scientist, with practical lessons, in a small garden, on the correlation between the natural selection and the variability of organisms. On the way from the main building to the above‑mentioned garden, the professor taught his pupils how to identify the trees on the sidewalks and from the “Public Garden”. This teacher’s name was Remus Cehovschi - former Assistant Professor at the University of Chernivtsi (Cernăuți – North Bukovina), from where he took refuge to Botoșani in 1944. After graduating high school, Dumitru Murariu returned to his home village, where he occupied a position of unqualified teacher in the village school. In the fall of 1958, he was drafted for the mandatory military service until mid-January 1961. Returning home, he resumed his school position but in the autumn of the same year, he successfully passed the admission exams at the Faculty of Biology-Geography, the Department of Biology-Zoology at the “Al. I. Cuza” University of Iași. Based on his academic excellence he received a scholarship until graduating in 1966.

Esenin, Sergei (1895–1925)

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elena V. Baraban
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Primary Role ◽  
Wide Spread ◽  
Way Of Life ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Peasant Family ◽  
The Village ◽  
Destructive Behaviors

Sergei Alexandrovich Esenin was one of Russia’s major lyrical poets. He described himself as "the last poet of the village." Raised in a peasant family, Esenin drew inspiration for his poetry from Russian folklore, Orthodox faith, and traditional pagan beliefs that were wide-spread among peasants. Esenin’s early contemplative lyrical verse (1914–1916) idealized Russian nature and the village. The poet originally supported the October Revolution but was later disillusioned by the Bolshevik regime. In his poetry, he lamented the destruction of the traditional peasant way of life. Esenin was a founding member of the Imaginist group (1919–1924), which insisted on the primary role of the image in literature. Esenin’s poetry of the 1920s is markedly pessimistic. Following the poet’s suicide in December 1925, Esenin’s poems that expressed decadent attitudes toward life and his sensational self-destructive behaviors were criticized by Bolshevik leaders and critics as "eseninshchina" [Eseninism]. Esenin’s works were not republished in the Soviet Union until the 1960s. However, despite this unofficial ban, his poetry was always popular and often circulated in handwritten copies.

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