Hernia in the cavity of the vaginal membrane of the testicle

1930 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 158-164
Author(s):  
V. G. Potapov
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Data ◽  
Point Of View

Being one of the oldest and most studied departments in surgery, the department of hernias is still fraught with a lot of unclear and much that must be explained from the point of view of an abstract hypothesis, and not with irrefutable scientific data. In particular, the pathogenesis of herniae encysticae Cooregі is still very unclear, although many different theories were proposed to explain it, at one time.

scholarly journals Trans-Disciplinary Pedagogy for Science and Journalism Majors Linking Water Resource Information to Communities

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lee John Florea ◽  
Adam J Kuban
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Learning Environment ◽  
Media Studies ◽  
Procedural Knowledge ◽  
Scientific Data ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Stem Majors ◽  
Resource Information ◽  
Learning Platform ◽  
Project Deliverables

Water Quality Indiana is a learning platform that leverages collaborations, community partnerships, and active mentorship of transdisciplinary student cohorts. Since 2013, this platform has engaged teams of science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) and communication and media students to investigate water quality in east central Indiana (since expanded to other domestic and international locations) in an experiential problem-based learning environment. For community partners, Water Quality Indiana provides scientific data, analysis, and multimedia deliverables about water quality, and it has a successful record of finding solutions to real-world problems. From the point of view of faculty, project deliverables enhance several aspects of a faculty portfolio. For student participants, the goal is to increase metacognition, civic engagement, and confidence in processes associated with STEM and media studies, and, therefore, the transdisciplinary skills required in an increasingly competitive workforce. Assessing learning artifacts (e.g., assignment, quizzes, or other evaluative metrics) reveals a cognitive dissonance between metacognition and accuracy in declarative knowledge related to topics in water quality—student scores did not increase in posttest data despite an increased confidence in selected answers. In contrast, pretest and posttest results, synthesis reports, and focus group data suggest that confidence in procedural knowledge in both water quality and media production significantly increased by the end of the course. Students cited time constraints imposed by academic calendars and project deadlines as a limitation of the learning environment. Course data reveal differences based on academic background and gender: 1) media studies majors became more confident in their multimedia skills, while STEM majors became less confident; 2) note-taking style and detail is more organized and meticulous for female and STEM students compared to male and media studies counterparts.

scholarly journals Legal and Medical Aspects of Off-Label Medication Use. Point of View

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 130-134
Author(s):  
O. V. Tsygankova ◽  
T. I. Batluk ◽  
L. D. Latyntseva ◽  
D. Y. Platonov ◽  
N. M. Akhmedzhanov
Keyword(s):  
Medication Use ◽  
Scientific Data ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Medical Documentation ◽  
Off Label ◽  
Existing Problems ◽  
Legal Literacy ◽  
Current State ◽  
Approved Drugs ◽  
Written Informed Consent

The current state of the Russian and foreign regulatory framework for off-label prescription of medicines is presented in the article. The existing problems of this specific drug therapy and possible solutions are described. Unfortunately, there are some gaps in the Russian legislation regarding the off-label medication use. Based on the clinical reality, in some cases, the “off-label” drugs prescription can be justified by the clinical condition of the patient, the lack of alternative approved drugs, and the availability of published scientific data that create the prerequisites for the effectiveness of this approach. When off-label drug prescribing as a forced measure, the doctor must provide a rationale for this prescription in the medical documentation, the conclusion of the consultation (with the participation of relevant specialists and the clinical pharmacologist) or the medical commission (with the participation of the administration representative), and the written informed consent of the patient or his legal representative. This information should be actively communicated to doctors in order to increase their legal literacy and prevent possible negative and legal consequences.

scholarly journals The Prospect of Creating Medicines Based on Selenium Nanoparticles (Review)

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 33-44
Author(s):  
K. D. Skorinova ◽  
V. V. Kuzmenko ◽  
I. A. Vasilenko
Keyword(s):  
Cell Cultures ◽  
Cell Metabolism ◽  
Basic Research ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Scientific Data ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Selenium Nanoparticles ◽  
New Drugs ◽  
Different Types ◽  
New Generation

Introduction. The prospects of using nanoparticles in the production of medicines are widely discussed in the literature. In 2018 alone, the quantity of registration certificates issued by national regulators for medicines that use nanoparticles in one form or another is around forty. Most of them are medicines based on liposomes, polymers, iron oxides, micelles. So far, no registration certificates have been issued for selenium nanoparticles. One of the reasons for this situation in this area, from our point of view, is that the mechanisms of interaction of nanoparticles with cells are not sufficiently studied. The lack of basic research in this area is one of the main obstacles to the development of new-generation drugs based on nanoparticles.Text. This review is devoted to the analysis of scientific data on the interaction of selenium nanoparticles with different types of cells. The article discusses the biological properties of selenium and its role in cell metabolism. Data on the cytotoxic effect of selenium nanoparticles on various cell cultures are presented. Methods of preparation of nanoparticles and methods for studying the interaction of nanoparticles with cell cultures are described.Conclusion. Analysis of the literature data allows us to draw conclusions about the relevance of research on the interaction of selenium nanoparticles with living cells. This is necessary to determine the mechanisms of selenium nanoparticles absorption, study their cytotoxic and / or cytostatic action, and distribution in cells. Investigation of the biological interaction of selenium nanoparticles with tumor and normal cells will determine the most informative methods for registering and quantifying their antitumor activity, which is relevant for the development of new drugs to treat cancer.

Victim Precipitation: Let's Not Silence That Voice

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 137-141 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark A. North ◽  
Spencer Smith
Keyword(s):  
Poor Performance ◽  
Scientific Data ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Working Environment ◽  
Data Driven ◽  
Interpersonal Interaction ◽  
Workplace Harassment ◽  
Performance Reviews ◽  
Workplace Mistreatment ◽  
Situational Demands

Cortina, Robello, and Holland (2018) advance a case for the danger of using the victim precipitation model in industrial-organizational (I-O) psychology—a model that is interpreted as suggesting that characteristics and behaviors of victims may influence criminals to select them as targets, in effect blaming victims for crimes committed against them. This “victim blaming” found its way into criminology, criminal justice, sociology, and other disciplines, resulting in revictimization and in the exoneration of violent criminals, among other undesirable outcomes. We agree with Cortina and colleagues that these outcomes, then and now, are unacceptable: Victims cannot and should not be blamed for their aggressors’ actions, and aggressors should unequivocally be held accountable for their crimes. This extends to workplace mistreatment. Using the operationalizations of generalized workplace harassment, workplace incivility, sexual harassment, and abusive supervision as guides (Rospenda & Richman, 2004, as cited by Cortina et al., 2018; Magley, Williams, & Langhout, 2001; Tepper, 2000; Walsh & Magley, 2014), we define workplace mistreatment as any interpersonal interaction in the workplace that creates an oppressively intimidating, hostile, or offensive working environment that extends beyond acceptable evaluative and professional actions given situational demands (e.g., poor performance reviews, layoffs during downsizing/mergers/acquisitions, discipline, etc.). Although an unpopular point of view, we maintain that whether or not victims influence the contexts that facilitate victimization in the workplace is an empirical question. This research continues to be scientifically valuable, relevant, and practical, and it is necessary to more fully understand workplace mistreatment (Barling, 1996; Cortina, Magley, Williams, & Langhout, 2001). Two principal reasons drive this position: (a) the lack of scientific, data-driven evidence to support the exclusion of the victim precipitation model and (b) the potential harmful premise of its replacement, the perpetrator predation model. Elucidating our thoughts on these reasons will occupy our commentary.

scholarly journals Corpus Linguistics: Theory Vs Methodilogy

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 196-218
Author(s):  
Kamo P. Chilingaryan
Keyword(s):  
Corpus Linguistics ◽  
Native Speaker ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
Scientific Activity ◽  
Scientific Data ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Linguistic Knowledge ◽  
Linguistic Description ◽  
Linguistic Categories

The article is devoted to a comprehensive study of the stages of formation and development of corpus linguistics. The purpose of the article is to analyze various scientific approaches to the scientific significance of this linguistic discipline and identify a set of concepts and criteria that form the foundation of this field. Corpus linguistics is one of the most promising and rapidly developing areas of language research. Linguistics of the XIX century set as its goal the study of language as such, and linguistics of the XXI century sees the relevance of the research not in identifying absolute linguistic categories and meanings but in the practical application of linguistic knowledge. The relevance of the article is determined by the fact that the linguistic corpus contains a vast potential, which the scientific community has not fully comprehended since the text as the main object of corpus linguistics in various forms of its implementation is one of the central components systems of language and speech-thinking activity of a modern native speaker of any language. The content and volume of linguistic corpora of various kinds allow obtaining reliable information about the modern and real use of a particular term: the corpus becomes a tool for analyzing the functioning of this term both in the linguistic field of morphology, syntax, and vocabulary and in the theory and practice of translation, identifying the register of its formal or informal usage. The fundamental novelty of this studys results allows us to speak about the legitimacy of the creation of corpus dictionaries and corpus grammars of a new generation, developed and verified concerning a specific fixed corpus. Simultaneously, the author substantiates the proposition that the corpus nature of dictionaries and grammars increases their reliability and objectivity and avoids the subjectivity that is often characteristic of research-based solely on the intuition of a linguist. The corpus is a medium for obtaining new scientific data, the comprehension of which seems to be a priority for modern linguistic description and necessary in the scientific activity of a modern researcher. From our point of view, this article's relevance and novelty lie in the fact that the expediency of corpus research is an essential requirement of the time, associated with a new quality of linguistic reality and meeting the needs of modern society. The article examines the main stages of the formation of corpus linguistics as a scientific field, characterizes the scientific concepts and approaches inherent in each of these stages, provides an overview of the main conceptual provisions of corpus linguistics within the framework of domestic and foreign linguistics. The author analyzes in detail the polemics between representatives of various scientific directions and reveals the advantages of one or another approach, traces the similarities and differences between approaches to the study of corpora at various historical stages of their formation. The review's focus is the role and place of corpus studies of language in modern linguistics, comparison of the pro and contra arguments of the use of corpus technologies in linguistic description. Considerable attention is paid to the main criteria for the classification of corpora, a brief overview of the most famous corpora in history is offered, and the prospects for their use in various fields of modern language science are discussed.

scholarly journals Educação científica e arte na formação docente: análise de uma proposta interdisciplinar

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosemar De Fátima Vestena ◽  
Elza Hirata ◽  
Elenize Rangel Nicoletti
Keyword(s):  
Science Education ◽  
Art Education ◽  
Science Teaching ◽  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Scientific Information ◽  
Scientific Data ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Teaching Sequence ◽  
University Center ◽  
Science And Art

Resumo: Este trabalho analisa os resultados obtidos durante a realização de uma sequência didática interdisciplinar, que contemplou saberes das ciências e da arte, na formação docente de pedagogos. As atividades, realizadas no segundo semestre de 2015, contaram com a participação de 19 estudantes do curso de Pedagogia do Centro Universitário Franciscano e das professoras de Ensino de Ciências e Ensino de Arte, totalizando 36 horas aulas. Inicialmente foi apresentado um vídeo, seguido de uma apresentação explorando os dados científicos apresentados. Com base nessas informações, cada aluno escolheu uma espécie vegetal e investigou aspectos inerentes às ciências e a arte dessa planta. A sequência culminou com a apresentação de camisetas, estampadas com os carimbos produzidos a partir das informações científicas pesquisadas pelos estudantes acerca das plantas escolhidas. Os resultados apontam que os estudantes, ao escolherem apenas partes dos vegetais com utilidade estética ou alimentar, apresentam uma visão utilitarista da ciência. Em relação aos conhecimentos da Arte, destaca-se que, ao utilizarem diferentes linguagens da arte, como os desenhos, as formas e as cores, os alunos exercitaram a observação e descrição criteriosa de um objeto, neste caso as plantas. Deste modo, a sequência didática desenvolvida permitiu interlocuções entre Arte e Educação, pois sendo uma ação interdisciplinar entre Ciência e Arte, articulou pesquisas sobre as plantas e a linguagem da xilogravura, contribuindo para o desenvolvimento do olhar crítico dos estudantes de Pedagogia acerca da natureza e da arte. Palavras-chave: Ensino de Ciências. Ensino de Arte. Proposta didática. Interdisciplinaridade.SCIENCE EDUCATION AND ART IN TEACHER TRAINING: AN ANALYSIS OF AN INTERDISCIPLINARY PROPOSALAbstract: This paper analyzes the results obtained during an interdisciplinary didactic sequence, which included science and art knowledge, during the teaching training of pedagogues. The activities were carried on in the second half of 2015 with the participation of 19 undergraduate students of University Center of Pedagogy Franciscan and Science Teaching teachers and Art Education, totaling 36 hour classes. Initially a video was presented, followed by an explanation, exploring the scientific data studied. Based on this information, each student chose a plant species and investigated its aspects from a scientific and artistic point of view. The sequence culminated in the presentation of shirts, which emblazoned the stamps produced from the scientific information researched by students about the chosen plants. The results show that students, while selecting only parts of the plants with cosmetic or food use, demonstrate a utilitarian view of science. Regarding the knowledge of art, it is emphasized that when using different art languages, such as designs, shapes and colors, the students exercised observation and careful description of an object, in this case the plants. Thus, the developed teaching sequence allowed dialogues between Art and Education, as being an interdisciplinary action between science and art. Also, it articulated research on plants and the languages of woodcuts, contributing to the development of the critical eye of Pedagogy students about the nature and art. Keywords: Science Education. Art Education. Proposal didactic. Interdisciplinary.

Gastric and 12 duodenal ulcer from a surgical point of view

1934 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 261-276
Author(s):  
N. V. Sokolov
Keyword(s):  
Duodenal Ulcer ◽  
Surgical Treatment ◽  
Scientific Data ◽  
Past Experience ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Present Stage ◽  
Duodenal Ulcers

To put the question of gastric and duodenal ulcer from the surgical point of view means to decide more or less definitely whether a gastric and duodenal ulcer at the present stage of our knowledge of this painful form can be treated surgically and what are the indications for surgical treatment; it means to decide the choice of this or that method of surgical treatment of gastric and duodenal ulcers, proceeding in this question based on past experience covered by modern scientific data.

The Coefficients of Adhesion of Rubber

1948 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 505-515 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pierre Thirion
Keyword(s):  
A Priori ◽  
General Rule ◽  
Scientific Data ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Theoretical Interpretation ◽  
Complex Nature ◽  
Resistance To Sliding ◽  
Service Conditions ◽  
Solid Bodies ◽  
Pneumatic Tires

Abstract What conclusions can be drawn from all these experiments? Attempts to find a possible relation between the adhesion characteristics and other mechanical properties of rubber have been unsuccessful. Nevertheless, from a purely qualitative point of view alone, the coefficients of adhesion become progressively less sensitive to pressure as the rubber approaches more and more to the solid state. This seems to be a general rule to which there is no exception. The theoretical interpretation of this peculiar property of rubber cannot be discussed within the scope of the present paper; in fact it offers a complicated problem, for scientific data on the behavior of rigid solids in contact are extremely scarce. Theories advanced to explain the external friction of solids are numerous, but none gives a truly complete explanation of the phenomenon. However, it seems probable at least that the peculiar behavior is attributable to the characteristic state of materials with rubberlike properties, i.e., a state intermediate between that of liquids and of solids. There are numerous applications where advantage is taken of the high resistance to sliding of rubber on the surfaces of dry solid bodies. There would be no point in calculating a priori their coefficients of adhesion under service conditions from the results obtained in the present work, for conditions in service are generally of a very complex nature and, also are extremely variable. Pneumatic tires on automobiles are a very good example of such conditions. On the other hand, in applications such as transmission belts and autorail pneumatic tires, which operate under much more uniform conditions, there is reason for believing that systematic tests of this kind might be of some use.

НАУЧНЫЕ ОТКРЫТИЯ КАК УДАРЫ ПО САМОЛЮБИЮ: ТРАДИЦИЯ ПРОДОЛЖАЕТСЯ

1970 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-77
Author(s):  
Леонид Левит
Keyword(s):  
Modern Science ◽  
Negative Attitude ◽  
Scientific Data ◽  
Dual System ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The Third ◽  
Theoretical Construction ◽  
The Universe

В статье рассматривается значение трех главных «ударов», которые, по утверждению З. Фрейда,  современная наука нанесла по представлениям человека о себе и своей роли во Вселенной. Показано, что  разработанная   автором   двусистемная   и   многоуровневая   «Личностно-ориентированная   концепция  счастья»  (ЛОКС)  не  только  выявляет  скрытые  доселе  смыслы  предыдущих  научных  «ударов»,  но  и  наносит новые. С учетом современных научных данных ЛОКС обосновывает и развивает идеи Ч. Дарвина  (второй «удар» человечеству) и  взгляды З. Фрейда (третий «удар»), чем усиливает значение обоих – точно  так же, как учение Фрейда в свое время подчеркнуло силу открытий, сделанных Дарвином. Теоретическая  конструкция  ЛОКС  оказывается  способной  объяснить  причину  болезненного  восприятия  предыдущих  открытий  современниками,  универсальный  эгоизм  которых  стал  более  очевиден.  В  то  же  время  продемонстрированы и сохранившиеся возможности традиционных взглядов, не поддающиеся в настоящее  время аргументированному научному опровержению.     The article under consideration analyzes the meaning of the three great «blows»,  which the modern  science, in Z. Freud’s opinion, has given to people’s main beliefs about themselves and their role in the Universe. It  is shown that the dual system and multilevel «Person-Oriented Conception of Happiness» (POCH) elaborated by  the author not only discovers the meaning of the previous blows, but produces new ones. Taking into account  modern scientific data, POCH substantiates Ch. Darwin ideas (the second blow to human vanity) as well as Z.  Freud views (the third blow). Thus POCH strengthens both of them - as well as Freud’s discoveries strengthened  Darwin’s theory at a certain time. The theoretical construction of POCH is able to explain the causes of the  negative attitude towards the abovementioned discoveries by the contemporaries, whose universal egoism became  more evident. At the same time, the author shows the preserving possibilities of the traditional views, which cannot  be refuted from the scientific point of view nowadays.

scholarly journals Ricoeur’s hermeneutic arc and the “narrative turn” in the ethics of care

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Teresa Russo
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Therapeutic Relationship ◽  
Healthcare Professionals ◽  
Life Experiences ◽  
Scientific Data ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Narrative Approach ◽  
The Social

Abstract“Patient-centred care” is the recent response to the malaise produced in the field of health care from the point of view both of a technical mentality and the paternalistic model. The interest in the story-telling approach shown by both the humanities and the social sciences has favoured a “narrative turn” in medicine too, where the new ethics of therapeutic relationship consider the hermeneutic method a means by which to integrate evidence and subjectivity, scientific data and patient experience. The aim of this paper is to show how Ricoeur’s theory of “threefold mimesis” makes a conceptual contribution to the use of narrative interviews in nursing and also be successfully transferred into and applied in the field of healthcare in general. First, the paper examines how this narrative approach might open up new possibilities for the acquisition of in-depth knowledge of patients’ life experiences, a condition indispensable for the improvement of the quality of care. Secondly, it highlights how this Ricoeurian method seems capable of provide an opportunity for healthcare professionals to review their own understanding of the caregiver-patient therapeutic relationship, beginning with their confrontation with the patient’s world as revealed by the narrative they provide.

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