scholarly journals Acute myocarditis in children: problems of diagnosis and treatment

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-72
Author(s):  
Elena V. Pshenichnaya ◽  
Alexandra P. Dudchak ◽  
Nadezhda A. Usenko ◽  
Viktoriya V. Sosna
Keyword(s):  
Cardiac Arrhythmias ◽  
Acute Myocarditis ◽  
Pediatric Population ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
World Health ◽  
Routine Practice ◽  
Ventricular Extrasystole ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Health Organization

Acute myocarditis by the World Health Organization is an inflammatory disease of the heart muscle, confirmed by histologically, immunologically and immunohistochemically. The diagnosis of acute myocarditis in children remains open due to the presence of a number of reasons. First of all, it is difficult to diagnose myocarditis in children due to the variety of clinical manifestations and the presence of nonspecific symptoms of the disease. What matters is the lack of accessibility in the routine practice of a doctor of certain research methods and a sharp limitation in the use of endomyocardial biopsy. The search for differential diagnostic algorithms of the disease continues. According to modern literature, much attention is paid to non-invasive methods for the diagnosis of acute myocarditis in children. The course of acute myocarditis can be complicated by life-threatening cardiac arrhythmias: ventricular extrasystole, lengthening of the corrected QT interval, atrioventricular block. The appearance of cardiac arrhythmias increases the risk of sudden cardiac death. Recommendations for the treatment of myocardium in children often undergo changes due to the small number of multicenter and controlled studies in the pediatric population. The article provides an overview of modern approaches to the treatment of acute myocarditis in children: the use of antiviral drugs, intravenous immunoglobulin, immunosuppressive therapy, especially the treatment of heart failure in acute myocarditis in children.

scholarly journals COVID-19 Pandemic and Children: A Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (7) ◽  
pp. 574-585
Author(s):  
Vinay Rathore ◽  
Abhiruchi Galhotra ◽  
Rahul Pal ◽  
Kamal Kant Sahu
Keyword(s):  
Pediatric Population ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Gastrointestinal Symptoms ◽  
Oral Route ◽  
World Health ◽  
Antiviral Therapies ◽  
Route Of Transmission ◽  
Threatening Condition ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Health Organization

The severe respiratory disease COVID-19 (coronavirus disease 2019) was first reported in late December 2019 in Wuhan City, China. Soon thereafter, the World Health Organization (WHO) officially declared it a pandemic. The adult population is highly affected by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2); however, infants and children are also not spared. Transmission in the pediatric population appears to be primarily from COVID-19–positive adults, largely from family contacts through droplets, direct contacts, and aerosols. There is also evidence of fecal-oral route of transmission. The incubation period of COVID-19 in children ranges from 2 to 10 days. Most children are asymptomatic. The most common symptoms amongst symptomatic children are fever and cough. Shortness of breath, sore throat, rhinorrhea, conjunctivitis, fatigue, and headache are other common symptoms. Diarrhea, vomiting, and abdominal pain are the common gastrointestinal symptoms that may be present with or without respiratory symptoms. Very few children are likely to develop severe disease.Supportive care is the mainstay of treatment. Though data are limited, antiviral therapies such as remdesivir, favipiravir, lopinavir/ritonavir, and other drugs like hydroxychloroquine/chloroquine have been used for severe COVID-19 cases, with remdesivir showing the greatest promise. A few children may develop an exaggerated immune response, characterized by exaggerated cytokine release and manifests with features similar to Kawasaki disease. The syndrome has been referred to by many names including pediatric inflammatory multisystem syndrome (PIMS) and more recently, as multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C); this life-threatening condition often requires a multidisciplinary team effort and use of immunomodulators.

COVID 19: REALS AND CHALLENGES AGAINST DOCTORS

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-87
Author(s):  
Zen Ahmad
Keyword(s):  
Virus Disease ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
World Health ◽  
Unknown Etiology ◽  
Wuhan City ◽  
Traditional Markets ◽  
Pneumonia Case ◽  
The World ◽  
New Type ◽  
Health Organization

Corona Virus Disease (Covid-19) is a contagious disease caused by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) which was discovered in December 2019 in China. This disease can cause clinical manifestations in the airway, lung and systemic. The World Health Organization (WHO) representative of China reported a pneumonia case with unknown etiology in Wuhan City, Hubei Province, China on December 31, 2019. The cause was identified as a new type of coronavirus on January 7, 2020 with an estimated source of the virus from traditional markets (seafood market). ) Wuhan city

Possible role of Unani Pharmacology in COVID-19 – a narrative review

2020 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Md Anzar Alam ◽  
Mohd Abdul Gani ◽  
G. Shama ◽  
Ghulamuddin Sofi ◽  
Mohd Aleemuddin Quamri
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
World Health ◽  
Santalum Album ◽  
Boswellia Serrata ◽  
Unani Medicine ◽  
Significant Public Health Problem ◽  
Significant Public Health ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Health Organization

AbstractAccording to the World Health Organization (WHO), viral diseases continue to rise, and pose a significant public health problem. Novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is an infectious disease caused by SARS-CoV-2. The pathogenesis and clinical manifestations of COVID-19 is close to Amraz-e-Wabai (epidemic diseases) which was described by Hippocrates, Galen, Aristotle, Razes, Haly Abbas, Avicenna, Jurjani etc. Presently, there is no specific or challenging treatment available for COVID-19. Renowned Unani Scholars recommended during epidemic situation to stay at home, and fumigate the shelters with aromatics herbs like Ood kham (Aquilaria agallocha Roxb.), Kundur (Boswellia serrata Roxb), Kafoor (Cinnamomum camphora L.), Sandal (Santalum album L), Hing (Ferula foetida L.) etc. Use of specific Unani formulations are claimed effective for the management of such epidemic or pandemic situation like antidotes (Tiryaqe Wabai, Tiryaqe Arba, Tiryaqe Azam, Gile Armani), Herbal Decoction (Joshandah), along with Sharbate Khaksi, Habbe Bukhar, Sharbate Zanjabeel, Khamira Marwareed, Jawarish Jalinus, and Sirka (vinegar). Such drugs are claimed for use as antioxidant, immunomodulatory, cardiotonic, and general tonic actions. The study enumerates the literature regarding management of epidemics in Unani medicine and attempts to look the same in the perspective of COVID-19 prevention and management.

Comparativa de modelos multivariados basados en aprendizaje automático para la predicción del riesgo de diabetes en etapas tempranas

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Zayra Ramírez Gaytán
Keyword(s):  
World Health ◽  
Degenerative Diseases ◽  
Decision Tree Algorithm ◽  
Data Set ◽  
The World ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Logistic Regression Algorithm ◽  
Asymptomatic Phase

Diabetes is one of the fastest-growing, life-threatening, chronic degenerative diseases. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), it has affected 422 million people worldwide in 2018. Approximately 50% of all people who suffer diabetes are not diagnosed due to the asymptomatic phase which usually lasts a long time. In this work, a data set of 520 instances has been used. The data set has been analyzed with the next three algorithms: logistic regression algorithm, decision trees and random forest. The results show that the decision tree algorithm had better performance with an AUC of 98%. Also, it was found the most common symptoms that a person with a risk of diabetes presents are polyuria, polydipsia and sudden weight loss.

scholarly journals Knowledge of HIV and benefits of male medical circumcision amongst clients in an urban area

2014 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Abidemi Faleye
Keyword(s):  
Urban Area ◽  
Hiv Transmission ◽  
World Health ◽  
Routine Practice ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Innovative Methods ◽  
Validated Questionnaire ◽  
Preventative Strategy ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Health Organization

Background: Male medical circumcision (MMC) has been shown to reduce the risk of HIV transmission in circumcised men by up to 60%. Following recommendations from the World Health Organization, South Africa adopted MMC as a preventative strategy against HIV in 2010 and set up circumcision camps across the country. Concerns have been raised about condom avoidance following MMC because of a mistaken belief about the benefits of MMC.Aim and setting: The aim of this study was to describe the profile and knowledge about HIV and circumcision amongst men presenting for MMC in an urban area in KwaZulu-Natal.Methods: This was a cross-sectional descriptive study of 394 clients over the age of 18 years who presented to two MMC sites in Durban between November 2012 and March 2013. A validated questionnaire was used to collect data.Results: The mean age of clients presenting for MMC was 28 years. Most clients were black, single, unemployed and sexually active. The majority presented for MMC because they believed that MMC would reduce their risk of acquiring HIV infection. Knowledge about HIV transmission was very good and 86.3% of clients were aware that risky sexual behaviour suchas condom avoidance could reverse the benefits of MMC.Conclusion: The knowledge of HIV and benefits of MMC was very good amongst those presenting for MMC. However as MMC is primarily a preventative strategy, innovative methods to promote MMC prior to first sexual encounter need to be explored. Further research is needed to determine whether the benefits of MMC on the reduction of HIV transmission aresustained in routine practice. [Full text article to follow]

scholarly journals Implementation of WHO Surgical Safety Checklist and Pre-operative Anxiety Levels to Study the Effect on Post-operative Recovery among Surgery Patients

2021 ◽  
pp. 271-283
Author(s):  
Rajesh Hadia ◽  
Juliet Joy Joseph ◽  
Jilce Mathew ◽  
Shivani Patel ◽  
Trupal Rathod ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Postoperative Recovery ◽  
World Health ◽  
Routine Practice ◽  
Surgical Safety Checklist ◽  
Surgical Safety ◽  
Quality Of Recovery ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Operative Recovery ◽  
Or Team

Background: World Health Organization Surgical Safety Checklist demonstrated a significant reduction in both morbidity and mortality. Objectives: This study aimed to find out the feasibility of implementation of WHO Surgical safety checklist in the routine practice, to ensure the teams follow critical safety steps, consistency in patient safety, and to maintain a culture that values achieving it, to assess the pre-operative status and post-operative quality of recovery among the patients undergoing surgery. Methodology: It is a prospective and observational study. A total of 65 patients of age group 18 and above were included in the study. The data was collected by filling the patient medical record sheet. Result: A total of 65 patients were included in the study. 64.62% were male, 35.38% were female. Out of 65 patients 61.54% experienced pre-operative anxiety; of which 20% of patients (n=9) showed very fast to fast recovery, 27.5% of patients (n=11) showed moderate recovery) and 52.5% of patients (n=21) showed slow to very slow recovery. Conclusion: Implementation of the WHO surgical safety checklist may improve miscommunications between the OR team, avoid unexpected errors ((Improving teamwork and communication). Appointing a staff or member of the OR team with the responsibility to check the checklist may improve the feasibility to implement the WHO SSC. The level of pre-operative anxiety greatly influences postoperative recovery. Thus, the Surgical and Anaesthetic team must assess the patient's pre-operative anxiety and take the necessary step before surgery.

scholarly journals Comparative Analysis of Pediatric COVID-19 Infection in Southeast Asia, South Asia, Japan, and China

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Judith Ju Ming Wong ◽  
Qalab Abbas ◽  
Soo Lin Chuah ◽  
Ririe Fachrina Malisie ◽  
Kah Min Pon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
South Asia ◽  
Cultural Practices ◽  
Severe Disease ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
World Health ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Clinical Presentations ◽  
The Common ◽  
Health Organization

There is a scarcity of data regarding coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection in children from southeast and south Asia. This study aims to identify risk factors for severe COVID-19 disease among children in the region. This is an observational study of children with COVID-19 infection in hospitals contributing data to the Pediatric Acute and Critical Care COVID-19 Registry of Asia. Laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 cases were included in this registry. The primary outcome was severity of COVID-19 infection as defined by the World Health Organization (WHO) (mild, moderate, severe, or critical). Epidemiology, clinical and laboratory features, and outcomes of children with COVID-19 are described. Univariate and multivariable logistic regression models were used to identify risk factors for severe/critical disease. A total of 260 COVID-19 cases from eight hospitals across seven countries (China, Japan, Singapore, Malaysia, Indonesia, India, and Pakistan) were included. The common clinical manifestations were similar across countries: fever (64%), cough (39%), and coryza (23%). Approximately 40% of children were asymptomatic, and overall mortality was 2.3%, with all deaths reported from India and Pakistan. Using the multivariable model, the infant age group, presence of comorbidities, and cough on presentation were associated with severe/critical COVID-19. This epidemiological study of pediatric COVID-19 infection demonstrated similar clinical presentations of COVID-19 in children across Asia. Risk factors for severe disease in children were age younger than 12 months, presence of comorbidities, and cough at presentation. Further studies are needed to determine whether differences in mortality are the result of genetic factors, cultural practices, or environmental exposures.

scholarly journals The clinical features of COVID-19 patients with positive viral RNA stool test results and possibility of fecal-oral transmission : A Systematic Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 42-51
Author(s):  
Selina Natalia ◽  
Felicia Imanuella Thorion ◽  
Luky Adlino ◽  
Clifford Eltin John ◽  
Andree Kurniawan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Viral Rna ◽  
World Health ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Oral Transmission ◽  
Positive Stool ◽  
Health Organization

Objective : Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has been declared as an international public health emergency by the World Health Organization (WHO), with outbreaks in over 200 countries and causing over 390,000 deaths globally. ACE-2 receptors are highly expressed in the upper and lower gastrointestinal system, providing a prerequisite for SARS-CoV-2 infection in the gastrointestinal tract. In addition, over half of the COVID-19 patients have viral nucleic acid detected in their feces and almost one-quarter of the cases, the stool samples test positive even when respiratory samples are negative. The aim of this systematic review is to summarize literature and to evaluate the clinical characteristics of patients with positive viral RNA stool test for COVID-19 and if there is a possibility of fecal-oral transmission of SARS-CoV-2 virus.Method : This systematic review has been registered in PROSPERO (CRD42020183049). A systematic search of the literature for observational study and randomized control trial was conducted in PubMed central and Google Scholar through May 5th, 2020. Three reviewers independently searched and selected. The risk of bias was evaluated using Newcastle-Ottawa Quality assessment tool.Results : 340 articles were screened, then from which eight articles were selected. Of eight articles that were included in this study, we sought for three main categories of the clinical manifestation; gastrointestinal, respiratory, and others. Each study was reviewed systematically to gain demographic data and evidence regarding the possibility of fecal oral transmission in SARS-CoV-2. Two studies reported prolongation of positive stool test results after the respiratory specimen conversion to negative which support the theory of fecal oral transmission.Conclusion : In conclusion, diarrhea, cough, and fever are the most common clinical manifestations in COVID-19 patients with positive RNA stool test results. Fecal oral transmission may be possible due to the ACE-2 receptors in the lining of the gastrointestinal tract. RNA stool test should be used as addition in discharging COVID-19 patients.

scholarly journals A Critical Review on Clinical Manifestations of Obesity in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Solution through Physical Activity

2021 ◽  
pp. 88-93
Author(s):  
Charu Bansal ◽  
Rachna Jain ◽  
Umesh Shukla ◽  
Smita Paul
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
World Health ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
And Control ◽  
Published Research ◽  
Healthy Behaviour

Diabesity term recently coined in medical field because of the very close epidemiological and pathogenic associations between central obesity and Type 2DM. Material and Methods: This review is based on data collected from published research works in various journals. Observations and Results: cited based on research reviews to find out risk odds of obesity and physical inactivity and initiation of type 2 diabetes with solutions based on improve physical activity. Conclusion: Counseling would be one of the best strategies to opt physical exercise with moderate and vigorous intensity recommended as world health organization as healthy behaviour to prevent and control of type 2 diabetes. Thus, Present write up is an effort to critically evaluate and assess the published research data on obesity and its association with development of type 2 diabetes and role of Physical exercises for prevention and control of type 2 DM as its solution with research evidences.

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