scholarly journals SOME ISSUES OF EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF CLAY VESSELS' FIRING PROCESS

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 56-62
Author(s):  
Yelena Vitalievna Volkova ◽  
Yuriy Borisovich Tsetlin
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Firing Temperature ◽  
Laboratory Research ◽  
Firing Process ◽  
Pottery Production ◽  
Reducing Conditions ◽  
Future Experimental Study ◽  
History Of ◽  
Ancient Ceramic ◽  
Reliable Methods

This paper is dedicated to the study of clay vessels' firing treatment. It is one of the most important scientific tasks in the field of ancient ceramic investigations which is low provided by the reliable methods till now. The next questions are described here: first - the history of study of firing process under historical-and-cultural approach to the ancient pottery production; second - the organization and results of field experimental study of clay vessels' firing in fireplace and in oven made by the authors on the basis of Samara pottery experimental expedition (N.P. Salugina is a head of the expedition), third - the results of the laboratory research of firing temperature on experimental vessels by Bobrinsky's color method. We concentrate our attention on the study of firing vessels in oxidizing and reducing conditions, on analysis of oxidizing firing at the first step and special chemical-and-thermal treatment of vessels in reducing conditions by blacking at the second step. In the results of laboratory tests of vessels sherds' firing temperature we came to the conclusion that the method is need to improve. At the end of paper the authors put forward some kind of ways to decide the problem and a plan of future experimental study of pottery firing process.

scholarly journals SAMARA EXPEDITION TO EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF ANCIENT POTTERY (SEEIDG): 25 YEARS

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 8-27
Author(s):  
Irina Nikolaevna Vasil'yeva ◽  
Natalya Petrovna Salugina
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Cultural Tradition ◽  
Main Task ◽  
Pottery Production ◽  
Cultural Traditions ◽  
Technological Research ◽  
Ancient Pottery ◽  
Pottery Technology ◽  
History Of ◽  
Research And Education

The article is devoted to presenting a brief history of the organization and carrying out for 25 years Samara expedition to the experimental study of ancient pottery. Organization of this expedition was due to the need to solve problems related to the study of ancient pottery techniques. The authors examined the concept of cultural tradition in the pottery and is designed structure of the experiment in the field of pottery technology. The main task of technological research in the framework of historical and cultural areas developed A.A.Bobrinskim, is the study of traces of in fractures and on the surface of archaeological vessels arising from the use of certain methods of the ancient potters work. The result of technological research is the reconstruction of the cultural traditions that have existed among the study population. Methods of studying pottery technology is based on a binocular microscope, trasologii and experiment in the form of physical modeling and assumes the reference series. The objectives of the expedition was to create a basic reference collections for all the stages of pottery production, as well as experiments on the problems arising in the analysis of particular archaeological ceramics. The article analyzes the realized expedition general and individual programs in two areas: research and education, and provides a list of reference collections of feedstock, molding compositions and methods for treating surfaces that are available for study.

HISTORY AND DEVELOPMENT OF GEOLOGICAL SCIENCE IN UZBEKISTAN (20-80S OF THE XX-TH CENTURY)

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 29-38
Author(s):  
Oydinkhon akhtiyorzoda ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Laboratory Research ◽  
State University ◽  
University Staff ◽  
Geological Surveys ◽  
Central Asian ◽  
Asian State ◽  
Scientific Personnel ◽  
History Of ◽  
Central Asian State ◽  
Geological Science

The Article being considered the history of the creation and development of geological science in Uzbekistan using the example of the activities of scientists from Central Asian State University and Tashkent State University.Special attention is paid to the study of the practical orientation of geological surveys, fieldwork and laboratory research. As well as, shown is the phased discoveries, based on the research of University staff and their training of scientific personnel, specialized research institutions in the field of geology

scholarly journals Diagnosis Based on Detection of CXCL10 in Urine as Biomarker for The Determining Diagnosis of Active Lung Tuberculosis

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 57
Author(s):  
Ni Made Mertaniasih ◽  
I Gede Yogi Prema Ananda ◽  
Soedarsono Soedarsono ◽  
Deby Kusumaningrum
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Urine Samples ◽  
Laboratory Research ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Pulmonary Tb ◽  
Lung Tuberculosis ◽  
History Of ◽  
Tuberculosis Diagnosis

Tuberculosis diagnosis is an important component in decreasing TB incidence and prevalence. Because of the difficulty to collect sputum in some cases, urine specimens are used as it is easier to garner. One of the biomarkers in urine that can be used to diagnose pulmonary TB is IP-10, which can be represented by the CXCL10 gene. The study aims to determine the accuracy of diagnosis based on detection of the CXCL10 gene in urine as a biomarker for the patients with suspected pulmonary TB in Dr. Soetomo Hospital in Surabaya from November 2019 until March 2020. Thus, this is an observative laboratory research with a cross-sectional study. CXCL10 gene was examined using PCR for 36 urine samples, and then, the data, together with the medical records of clinical manifestations of pulmonary TB, GeneXpert MTB /RIF, blood count, and thorax radiograph, were processed using IBM SPSS Statistics 26. The results of the GeneXpert MTB/RIF and thorax radiograph criteria show positive results of pulmonary TB, which were 44.4% and 69.4% respectively. CXCL10 gene was not found in all urine of healthy people (negative), while 2.8% (1/36 samples) positive CXCL10 gene was found in a patient with positive GeneXpert, also with negative clinical manifestations and urine culture. In this study, the accuracy of diagnosis based on detection of the CXCL10 gene in urine for diagnosis of active pulmonary TB was 2.8%. Future research is needed to improve the methods, among them are bigger size of urine samples and clearer medical history of patients. 

scholarly journals Mineralogy of an Appinitic Hornblende Gabbro and Its Significance for the Evolution of Rising Calc-Alkaline Magmas

Minerals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 1088
Author(s):  
Georgia Pe-Piper
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Fugacity ◽  
Gradual Increase ◽  
Country Rock ◽  
Ti Oxides ◽  
Hornblende Gabbro ◽  
Reducing Conditions ◽  
History Of ◽  
Alkaline Magmas ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Hydrous Magma

The magmatic and sub-solidus evolution of calcic amphiboles and Fe–Ti oxides was investigated in the Neoproterozoic Frog Lake pluton, Nova Scotia, Canada, in order to understand the relationship between the history of hydrous magma and the resulting mineralogy. The pluton occurs as sheet-like bodies of hornblende gabbro and hornblendite, with lesser tonalite dykes and granite bodies, interlayed with screens of medium-grade metamorphic country rock. Small, diffuse clots of felsic minerals are present in the gabbro. The subsolidus growth of actinolite occurs in early clinopyroxenes and amphiboles. Ilmenite is the dominant Fe–Ti oxide, as interstitial magmatic crystals. The increase of Mn towards the margin of the ilmenite crystals indicates a gradual increase in oxygen fugacity with time, leading to the precipitation of titanite and ferrohypersthene. The replacement of titanite by ilmenite and ilmenite lamellae in the amphiboles suggests subsequent reducing conditions during the sub-solidus crystallisation. The gabbros in the coeval, but apparently shallower, Jeffers Brook granodiorite laccolith have dominant magnetite and Mg-rich subsolidus amphiboles, which are indicative of high oxygen fugacity. The differences between the two plutons suggest that there was a greater flux of hydrothermal water through the sheet-like architecture of the Frog Lake pluton.

Effect of Firing Temperature on Mechanical and Physical Properties of Porcelain Balls as Grinding Media

2017 ◽  
Vol 888 ◽  
pp. 37-41
Author(s):  
Hasrul Yahya ◽  
Mohd Roslee Othman ◽  
Zainal Arifin Ahmad
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Water Absorption ◽  
Firing Temperature ◽  
Chemical Resistance ◽  
Firing Process ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Grinding Media ◽  
Mechanical And Physical Properties

Porcelain balls as grinding media are produced by firing process of clay, quartz and feldspar mixtures. This application need high technological properties such as high compressive strength and hardness, wear resistance, low water absorption and excellent chemical resistance. These properties are associated with higher firing temperatures. The porcelain balls were prepared by mixing 30 wt.% clay, 40 wt.% feldspar and 30 wt.% quartz. The samples were sintered at 1200°C, 1230°C, 1250°C, 1270°C and 1300°C for 2 hours with heating rate of 3°C/min. Both green powder and fired samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray fluorescence (XRF) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM).The properties of the fired samples were evaluated by compressive strength, hardness, shrinkage, water absorption, bulk density, and porosity measurement. Increasing of compressive strength, hardness and density are associated with increasing of firing temperatures. Porcelain balls PB1 and PB2 can be produced as grinding media with optimum mechanical and physical properties at firing temperature 1270°C and 1250°C, respectively.

scholarly journals Relationships between depositional conditions and microtextures in the organic-rich Lower Oxford Clay sediments (U.K.)

1992 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 24-24
Author(s):  
Sophie Belin ◽  
Fabien Kenig
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Sedimentation Rate ◽  
Woody Debris ◽  
Carbon Isotopic ◽  
Reducing Conditions ◽  
Geochemical Parameters ◽  
Energy Environment ◽  
Electron Mode ◽  
History Of ◽  
Quartz Grains

Six representative samples of the Lower Oxford Clay (LOC) and the Middle Oxford Clay (MOC) sediments have been assessed for total organic carbon (TOC from 1.2 to 14.2%), hydrogen indices (HI from 813 to 130), and carbon isotopic values (δ13C from −23.1 to −27.7±) (Kenig et al., this symposium), and have been extensively studied using petrographic techniques. The use of the scanning electron microscope and particularly the backscattered electron mode was emphasized as it is the most suitable tool to study the relationships between organic matter and minerals at a micrometric scale.The bulk mineralogy appears similar in all samples studied. The argillaceous matrix is predominantly composed of illite and kaolinite with detrital mineral grains of quartz, feldspar, mica (biotite and muscovite) and calcitic bioclasts (e.g. coccoliths). Diagenetic features consist mainly of dissolution of quartz grains, rim epigenization of quartz grains to kaolinite, and the presence of pyrite. The concentration of pyrite increases with the concentration of organic matter. Both framboidal and euhedral forms of pyrite are present Euhedral pyrite crystals are more abundant in organic-rich samples, indicative of the more reducing conditions occurring in the organic-rich sediments. In organic-rich samples, coccoliths are concentrated in well preserved fecal pellets, suggesting a relatively high sedimentation rate. Preservation of coccospheres indicates a low energy environment of deposition and mild diagenesis. Unusually well-preserved biotite crystals may be indicative of the proximity of sediment sources and of the weakness of diagenetic processes.In organic-rich samples, organic matter is encountered as elongated “patches” 20 to 50 μm in length and composed of several particles of marine phytoplanktonic origin; and as thin isolated particles closely associated with clays. These thin particles are both of marine phytoplanktonic and of terrestrial origin (woody debris, vegetal tissues and rare palynomorphs). In organic-poor samples, the frequency and the size (5 to 20 μm) of the patchy composite particles of phytoplanktonic organic matter decrease. Palynological studies indicated that 80% to 95% of the organic matter is amorphous and probably of marine origin. However, the proportion of structured organic matter, woody debris and vegetal tissues, increases from 5% to 20% as the TOC decreases.None of the samples studied exhibited laminations at a sub-millimetric scale. However, the organic “patches” in the organic-rich samples lie parallel to the plane of stratification even if there is no obvious stratification of the mineral matrix. Clay minerals show a random and disorganized distribution that may be indicative of microbioturbation, even in the most organic-rich samples.Organic and mineral microtextures are controlled by the environment of deposition and the diagenetic history of the sediments and are related to geochemical parameters as HI, δ13C and TOC. Microbioturbation would indicate that the water column was never anoxic. In contrast, euhedral pyrites crystals suggest anoxia in the organic-rich sediments. The decrease in size of organic “patches” with decrease in TOC, as well as the variable distribution of coccoliths, may be indicative of changes in primary productivity and sedimentation rate.

scholarly journals Investigation by pXRF of Caltagirone Pottery Samples Produced in Laboratory

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna M. Gueli ◽  
Antonio Delfino ◽  
Emanuele Nicastro ◽  
Stefania Pasquale ◽  
Giuseppe Politi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Compositional Data ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Firing Process ◽  
Pottery Production ◽  
Archaeological Ceramics ◽  
Technological Context ◽  
Historical Sites ◽  
Realization Process ◽  
Elemental Characterization

AbstractIn the study of archaeological ceramics, it is important to have compositional data to identify their origin and source. The fabric also provides useful information on the production technology, especially with regard to the firing steps. The work presented here is connected to this field and focuses on the main parameters related to the terracotta artefacts preparation. Thus, one can consider the effects in terracotta characteristics of different raw materials and firing parameters, in particular for pottery of Caltagirone, which is one of most important centres of pottery production in Italy, active since the Neolithic. To this end, terracotta samples have been reproduced in a laboratory setting according to the ancient procedure of Caltagirone manufacture, starting from clay and degreaser extraction in local historical sites. The analysis was conducted using a portable X-Ray Fluorescence (pXRF) spectrometer for elemental characterization of sand degreaser and of clays during each step of the realization process and in different firing conditions. SEM-ED techniques were also employed to verify the method and results for some of the samples after firing process. Framing the technological context of manufacture production, known in the specific case, it is also possible to identify potential outcomes and limits in the study of potsherds using pXRF technology, in applying the methodology to historic artefacts.

Numerical and Experimental Study of the Loaded Transmission Error of a Worm Gear With a Plastic Wheel

2008 ◽  
Vol 130 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean-Pierre de Vaujany ◽  
Michèle Guingand ◽  
Didier Remond
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Transmission Error ◽  
Original Method ◽  
Worm Gear ◽  
Experimental Measurements ◽  
Structural Damping ◽  
Kelvin Model ◽  
Worm Gears ◽  
History Of ◽  
Generalized Kelvin Model

Nowadays, the wheels of worm gears with a low module can be made of plastic; thus, classical modeling can no longer be used satisfactorily. The present paper describes an original method for studying the quasistatic loaded behavior of a worm gear, with a steel worm and a nylon wheel. A generalized Kelvin model is proposed, and the computation of load sharing is described by using an equation of displacement compatibility. The history of previous deformation and the effect of the nylon’s structural damping are also taken into account. Experimental measurements of the loaded transmission error are performed with the help of optical encoders rigidly connected to the worm and gear shafts, giving access to their instantaneous angular positions. The numerical simulations fit quite well with the experimental results.

scholarly journals II. The convolutional pattern of the brains of identical twins: a study on hereditary resemblance in the furrows of the cerebral hemispheres

1918 ◽  
Vol 208 (348-359) ◽  
pp. 37-61 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Royal Society ◽  
Identical Twins ◽  
Laboratory Research ◽  
Scientific Interest ◽  
Correct Description ◽  
Research Committee ◽  
Points Of Interest ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Scientific Value

The study of the similarity of the convolutional pattern of the brains of relatives has been the subject of considerable attention in the Pathological Laboratory at Claybury, under the direction of Dr. F. W. Mott. At his request Dr. Fisher has been forwarding to the Laboratory a number of fœtuses and children born dead that have occurred in his practice at Shoreditch Infirmary. It has thus happened that full term identical twins came into Dr. Mott’s possession. Realising the scientific value of a correct description of the similarity of the convolutional pattern in the brains of these twins, he has handed them to me and I have carefully studied the same on the lines previously adopted by Schuster in his description of the brains of relatives dying in the London Asylums. I have also made a study of the nervous plexuses and other morphological points of interest. I have been able to give my whole attention to laboratory research owing to the liberal grant made by the Medical Research Committee, and this study is a small part of the work which I have accomplished during the last year. But it was thought by the Director to be of sufficient scientific interest to present to the Royal Society, especially having regard to its being a morphological contribution to the important observations of the late Sir Francis Galton on the history of twins.

scholarly journals From Topos to Oikos: The Standardization of Glass Containers as Epistemic Boundaries in Modern Laboratory Research (1850–1900)

2015 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 397-425 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kijan Espahangizi
Keyword(s):  
Measurement Errors ◽  
Glass Container ◽  
Laboratory Research ◽  
Late Nineteenth Century ◽  
Experimental Glass ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Strong Focus ◽  
History Of ◽  
Scientific Infrastructure

ArgumentGlass vessels such as flasks and test tubes play an ambiguous role in the historiography of modern laboratory research. In spite of the strong focus on the role of materiality in the last decades, the scientific glass vessel – while being symbolically omnipresent – has remained curiously neglected in regard to its materiality. The popular image or topos of the transparent, neutral, and quasi-immaterial glass container obstructs the view of the physico-chemical functionality of this constitutive inner boundary in modern laboratory environments and its material historicity. In order to understand how glass vessels were able to provide a stable epistemic containment of spatially enclosed experimental phenomena in the new laboratory ecologies emerging in the nineteenth and early twentieth century, I will focus on the history of the material standardization of laboratory glassware. I will follow the rise of a new awareness for measurement errors due to the chemical agency of experimental glass vessels, then I will sketch the emergence of a whole techno-scientific infrastructure for the improvement of glass container quality in late nineteenth-century Germany. In the last part of my argument, I will return to the laboratory by looking at the implementation of this glass reform that created a new oikos for the inner experimental milieus of modern laboratory research.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document