scholarly journals Environmental factors influence on leeches distribution in the middle reaches of the Irtysh River

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 159-164
Author(s):  
Lyudmila Ivanovna Fedorova
Keyword(s):  
Natural Waters ◽  
Metallurgical Industry ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Ecological Niches ◽  
Landscape Characteristics ◽  
Industrial Enterprises ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Irtysh River ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Irtysh River

The Irtysh River is a transboundary watercourse that exhibits a wide range of climatic conditions, environments and ecological niches. As a result of the technogenic impact of industrial enterprises on surface and underground waters all the main tributaries of the middle reaches of the river Irtysh are in different degrees of pollution. Due to the impact of sewage and other wastes from the mining and metallurgical industry, in the waters of the river basin Irtysh the concentration excess of a number of toxic metals is observed. Among the invertebrates used to assess the state of natural waters, representatives of the Annelida type are often used. Since annelids are among the most common organisms on Earth, this makes it possible to study them in many regions and to assess the specificity of the impact and compare the impact of various pollutants in similar natural and climatic zones. It is known that the distribution of freshwater leeches is largely determined by natural and climatic conditions, landscape characteristics and the specifics of trophic connections, etc. In this case, the most important parameters are the physicochemical properties of water. This paper provides information on the factors influencing the species composition and structural indicators of leech communities living in the middle reaches of the Irtysh River.

scholarly journals MONITORING OF TRITIUM POLLUTION OF THE SHAGAN RIVER WATERS

2021 ◽  
pp. 25-29
Author(s):  
M. R. Aktayev ◽  
A. O. Aidarkhanov ◽  
A. K. Aidarkhanova ◽  
S. S. Pronin ◽  
A. O. Iskenov
Keyword(s):  
Specific Activity ◽  
Test Site ◽  
Observation Time ◽  
Left Bank ◽  
River Waters ◽  
Ground Waters ◽  
Semipalatinsk Test Site ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Irtysh River ◽  
The Irtysh River

The article presents the results of monitoring the waters of the Shagan river on the change in the specific activity of tritium for 2016–2020. The Shagan river is the longest surface watercourse on the territory of the Semipalatinsk Test Site, flowing along the eastern part of the Balapan site, where, together with the tributary, the Ashisu, flows into the “Atomic Lake”. Further, at a distance of 110 km downstream, the river forms a left-bank tributary of the Irtysh river. Previous studies have revealed and repeatedly confirmed the fact of radioactive contamination of the surface and ground waters of the Shagan river technogenic radionuclide 3H. It was revealed that the main source of pollution is groundwater entering the surface waters of the river. In this regard, in order to ensure long-term monitoring of 3H pollution of river waters, seasonal monitoring was carried out in three sections of the river located along its channel, starting from the outlet from the “Atomic Lake” heap and further downstream to the confluence with the Irtysh river.As a result of the observations, it was found that the specific activity of 3H in surface and ground waters, depending on the observation time, varies in a wide range of values. So, in the area of maximum pollution, the content of 3H changes from the minimum – 8 Bq/kg in the spring, to the maximum 370 000 Bq/kg in the summer-autumn period. At the exit points of the Shagan river outside the landfill, the concentration of 3H varies from 90 Bq/kg to 12 400 Bq/kg. In the area of the confluence of the Shagan river in Irtysh river content of 3H does not exceed 110 Bq/kg.

scholarly journals Models of technological integration development

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 15-27
Author(s):  
Alexander Miller ◽  
Maxim Miller
Keyword(s):  
Process Model ◽  
Technological Development ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Design Quality ◽  
Industrial Enterprises ◽  
Regulatory Processes ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Technological Integration ◽  
Scientific And Technological Development

Issues of scientific and technological development of the economy, increasing its competitiveness, including various aspects of technological integration, are the subject of foreign and domestic research. At the same time, technological integration is considered as a key direction of the new industrial and scientific-technical policy, as a means of transition to the digital economy, to production processes with higher added value, as a means of establishing a constructive dialogue between industrial enterprises and science. The reason for this is, on the one hand, the relative novelty of this economic phenomenon, and, on the other, the lack of theoretical and methodological tools for modelling the development of technological integration. The purpose of the article is to study the problems of modelling the development of technological integration in the context of priority scientific and technological development of the Russian economy. The article uses a wide range of general scientific methods: analysis and synthesis, grouping, typing, modelling, economicstatistical and graphical. The main methodological approaches used in the article are: structural-functional, instrumental and process approaches, which are reflected in the scientific and practical material of the general theory of systems, the theory of organization. The theoretical results of the study are the disclosure of the organizational model for the development of technological integration as a dynamic set of interconnected modules: management and coordination; structure; processes; resources designated to achieve the strategic objectives of technology integration participants. Classification characteristics of technological integration development processes have been identified and theoretically justified. The applied result is a specialized modelling tool based on a combination of a standardized approach and improved design quality with the ability to test simulated processes and the presence of stable feedback with all participants in technological integration. The process model of technological integration development was argued, its decomposition was carried out, which allows distinguishing the main, supporting and regulatory processes of participants in technological integration. The combination of these models facilitates the management of these processes in order to maximize the efficiency of the modern economy. An organizational and economic mechanism for modelling the development of technological integration is proposed, which allows the use of operational monitoring, due to the vector orientation of which it becomes possible to promptly carry out regular adjustments of key parameters of assessing the impact of technological integration on the results of technological development in national economies.

scholarly journals Genetic variation and cryptic lineage diversity of the Nigerian red-headed rock agama Agama agama associate with eco-geographic zones

2019 ◽  
Vol 65 (6) ◽  
pp. 713-724 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lotanna M Nneji ◽  
Adeniyi C Adeola ◽  
Fang Yan ◽  
Agboola O Okeyoyin ◽  
Ojo C Oladipo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Structure ◽  
Geographic Distance ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Population Divergence ◽  
Geographic Isolation ◽  
Genetic Structuring ◽  
Derived Savanna ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Conservation Actions ◽  
The Impact

AbstractNigeria is an Afrotropical region with considerable ecological heterogeneity and levels of biotic endemism. Among its vertebrate fauna, reptiles have broad distributions, thus, they constitute a compelling system for assessing the impact of ecological variation and geographic isolation on species diversification. The red-headed rock agama, Agama agama, lives in a wide range of habitats and, thus, it may show genetic structuring and diversification. Herein, we tested the hypothesis that ecology affects its genetic structure and population divergence. Bayesian inference phylogenetic analysis of a mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) gene recovered four well-supported matrilines with strong evidence of genetic structuring consistent with eco-geographic regions. Genetic differences among populations based on the mtDNA also correlated with geographic distance. The ecological niche model for the matrilines had a good fit and robust performance. Population divergence along the environmental axes was associated with climatic conditions, and temperature ranked highest among all environmental variables for forest specialists, while precipitation ranked highest for the forest/derived savanna, and savanna specialists. Our results cannot reject the hypothesis that niche conservatism promotes geographic isolation of the western populations of Nigerian A. agama. Thus, ecological gradients and geographic isolation impact the genetic structure and population divergence of the lizards. This species might be facing threats due to recent habitat fragmentation, especially in western Nigeria. Conservation actions appear necessary.

Climate Change Impacts and Adaptations: New Challenges for the Wine Industry

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 139-149 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nathalie Ollat ◽  
Jean-Marc Touzard ◽  
Cornelis van Leeuwen
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Climate Change Impacts ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Wine Industry ◽  
Adaptation To Climate Change ◽  
Wine Quality ◽  
Wine Production ◽  
Wine Making ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Impact

AbstractClimate change will have a profound effect on vine growing worldwide. Wine quality will also be affected, which will raise economic issues. Possible adaptations may result from changes in plant material, viticultural techniques, and the wine-making process. Relocation of vineyards to cooler areas and increased irrigation are other options, but they may result in potential conflicts for land and water use. Grapes are currently grown in many regions around the world, and growers have adapted their practices to the wide range of climatic conditions that can be found among or inside these areas. This knowledge is precious for identifying potential adaptations to climate change. Because climate change affects all activities linked to wine production (grape growing, wine making, wine economics, and environmental issues), multidisciplinary research is needed to guide growers to continue to produce high-quality wines in an economical and environmentally sustainable way. An example of such an interdisciplinary study is the French LACCAVE (long-term adaptation to climate change in viticulture and enology) project, in which researchers from 23 institutes work together on all issues related to the impact of climate change on wine production. (JEL Classifications: Q1, Q5)

Systematic Assessment of Combustion Turbine Inlet Air-Cooling Techniques

2005 ◽  
Vol 127 (1) ◽  
pp. 159-169 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdalla M. Al-Amiri ◽  
Montaser M. Zamzam
Keyword(s):  
Air Temperature ◽  
Evaporative Cooling ◽  
Heat Rate ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Coefficient Of Performance ◽  
Air Cooling ◽  
Cooling Systems ◽  
Turbine Inlet ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Impact

The current study is centered on assessing the benefits of incorporating combustion turbine inlet air-cooling systems into a reference combustion turbine plant, which is based on a simple cycle under base load mode. Actual climatic conditions of a selected site were examined thoroughly to identify the different governing weather patterns. The main performance characteristics of both refrigerative and evaporative cooling systems were explored by examining the effect of several parameters including inlet air temperature, airflow-to-turbine output ratio, coefficient of performance (for refrigerative cooling systems), and evaporative degree hours (for evaporative cooling systems). The impact of these parameters was presented against the annual gross energy increase, average heat rate reduction, cooling load requirements and net power increase. Finally, a feasibility design chart was constructed to outline the economic returns of employing a refrigerative cooling unit against different prescribed inlet air temperature values using a wide range of combustion turbine mass flow rates.

scholarly journals Features of introduction of biogas technologies in the conditions of industrial enterprises of the metallurgical industry

2019 ◽  
pp. 49-54
Author(s):  
Kovalenko Viktor ◽  
Kuznetsova Alisa ◽  
Kuznetsov Vitalii
Keyword(s):  
Calorific Value ◽  
Metallurgical Industry ◽  
Economic Feasibility ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Iron Sulfate ◽  
Economic Point ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Industrial Enterprises ◽  
Heating Furnaces ◽  
Wide Range

The paper analyzes and classifies the advantages and disadvantages of existing technologies for cleaning hydrogen sulfide and increasing calorific value by enriching biogas mixtures from various sources. Among them are identified those that are most acceptable from an economic point of view for implementation in heavy industry. A list of available methods and relatively inexpensive reagents for the treatment of biogas in the conditions of metallurgical enterprises, among which technical and ammonia water, waste from steel pickling processes in the form of iron sulfate, and others, is established. The main fuel characteristics of biogas of various origin and composition and natural gas are compared in determining the directions of using alternative fuel in industrial heating plants. It was determined that thermal and heating furnaces have the greatest potential for adaptation to biogas combustion, since such units are able to work in a wide range of quality, fuel consumption and calorific value. Since the scientific base regarding the possible conversion of these plants to biogas is unstructured, and in many aspects is absent, the creation of appropriate methods, mathematical apparatus and algorithmic tools in this direction is an urgent task. Keywords: energy efficiency, biogas technologies, biogas, gas, purification, enrichment, industrial furnaces, economic feasibility

scholarly journals Modifications of Grapevine Berry Composition Induced by Main Viral and Fungal Pathogens in a Climate Change Scenario

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Markus Rienth ◽  
Nicolas Vigneron ◽  
Robert P. Walker ◽  
Simone Diego Castellarin ◽  
Crystal Sweetman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Grape Berry ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Change Scenario ◽  
Berry Quality ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Grapevine Berry ◽  
The Impact

The grapevine is subject to high number of fungal and viral diseases, which are responsible for important economic losses in the global wine sector every year. These pathogens deteriorate grapevine berry quality either directly via the modulation of fruit metabolic pathways and the production of endogenous compounds associated with bad taste and/or flavor, or indirectly via their impact on vine physiology. The most common and devastating fungal diseases in viticulture are gray mold, downy mildew (DM), and powdery mildew (PM), caused, respectively by Botrytis cinerea, Plasmopara viticola, and Erysiphe necator. Whereas B. cinerea mainly infects and deteriorates the ripening fruit directly, deteriorations by DM and PM are mostly indirect via a reduction of photosynthetic leaf area. Nevertheless, mildews can also infect berries at certain developmental stages and directly alter fruit quality via the biosynthesis of unpleasant flavor compounds that impair ultimate wine quality. The grapevine is furthermore host of a wide range of viruses that reduce vine longevity, productivity and berry quality in different ways. The most widespread virus-related diseases, that are known nowadays, are Grapevine Leafroll Disease (GLRD), Grapevine Fanleaf Disease (GFLD), and the more recently characterized grapevine red blotch disease (GRBD). Future climatic conditions are creating a more favorable environment for the proliferation of most virus-insect vectors, so the spread of virus-related diseases is expected to increase in most wine-growing regions. However, the impact of climate change on the evolution of fungal disease pressure will be variable and depending on region and pathogen, with mildews remaining certainly the major phytosanitary threat in most regions because their development rate is to a large extent temperature-driven. This paper aims to provide a review of published literature on most important grapevine fungal and viral pathogens and their impact on grape berry physiology and quality. Our overview of the published literature highlights gaps in our understanding of plant-pathogen interactions, which are valuable for conceiving future research programs dealing with the different pathogens and their impacts on grapevine berry quality and metabolism.

Researches of Advanced Thermal Insulating Materials for Improving the Building Energy Efficiency

2016 ◽  
Vol 683 ◽  
pp. 617-625
Author(s):  
Maxim Morozov ◽  
Pavel A. Strizhak
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Thermal Characteristics ◽  
Temperature Oscillation ◽  
Complex Model ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Building Energy Efficiency ◽  
Insulation Materials ◽  
Thermal Insulating ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Impact

A complex model of building was developed by using Matlab. The model allows conducting for a wide range of research related to improving the energy efficiency of buildings. In this work the investigations of energy efficiency of several advanced insulation materials, which is characterized by different thermal characteristics, were carried out. Conclusions about the impact of the thermal protective envelope on the room thermal regime were made. Prognostic heat consumptions values of rooms with different characteristics of thermal insulation materials and main base-load envelopes were determined. Researches were conducted for the winter climatic conditions of Western Siberia: the average daily outdoor temperatures are -22 °C and -12 °C, the amplitude of temperature oscillation is 8 °C

Forms of bacterial hemorrhagic septicemia course in fisheries of the North Caucasus regions

2020 ◽  
pp. 26-29
Author(s):  
Viktoriya M. Basankina ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Waters ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
The Body ◽  
North Caucasus ◽  
The North ◽  
Opportunistic Bacteria ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Causative Agents ◽  
Acute Form ◽  
Weakly Virulent

Summary. Bacterial hemorrhagic septicemia of fish is widespread in the Russian Federation, including in the regions of the North Caucasus. Clinically, the disease is manifested by the presence of separate serous-hemorrhagic sites on the skin, usually in the head and abdomen, inflammation of the fins, ulcerations (abscesses) on the skin, ascites and occasionally protrusion of the anus. The etiological structure of bacterial hemorrhagic septicemia of fish includes a wide range of pathogens belonging to both the Aeromonadaceae family and bacteria of other families: Pseudomonadaceae, Enterobacteriaceae, Streptococcaceae, Bacillaceae, Staphylococccaceae, Moraxellaceae, Flavobacteriaceae, Microavocacteriaceae, Microavocactaeceae. The main causative agents of bacterial hemorrhagic septicemia of fish are opportunistic bacteria of the genus Aeromonas. This disease can occur in three forms: acute, subacute and chronic. The form of the course of bacterial hemorrhagic septicemia of fish depends on the temperature of the water, the species of the fish, the contamination of the reservoir, the amount of oxygen, the density of fish and other factors that reduce the resistance of the fish organism. The incubation period of bacterial hemorrhagic septicemia of fish on average lasts from three to thirty days. Bacterial hemorrhagic septicemia of fish most often occurs in the form of endogenous autoinfection, which is caused by weakly virulent pathogens located in the body of fish - representatives of the normal intestinal microflora. At the acute form of the disease, the death of fish reaches 90-100%, at subacute - up to 75%. The climatic conditions of the regions of the North Caucasus - high year-round water temperature, sharp fluctuations in the temperature of water and air in the winter-spring and autumn-winter periods contribute to the spread of bacterial hemorrhagic septicemia of fish in natural waters.

scholarly journals Early-life exposure to climate change impairs tropical shark survival

2014 ◽  
Vol 281 (1793) ◽  
pp. 20141738 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rui Rosa ◽  
Miguel Baptista ◽  
Vanessa M. Lopes ◽  
Maria Rita Pegado ◽  
José Ricardo Paula ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Ocean Acidification ◽  
Habitat Degradation ◽  
Ecological Niches ◽  
Marine Animals ◽  
Early Life Exposure ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
C 30 ◽  
Proactive Measures ◽  
The Impact

Sharks are one of the most threatened groups of marine animals worldwide, mostly owing to overfishing and habitat degradation/loss. Although these cartilaginous fish have evolved to fill many ecological niches across a wide range of habitats, they have limited capability to rapidly adapt to human-induced changes in their environments. Contrary to global warming, ocean acidification was not considered as a direct climate-related threat to sharks. Here we show, for the first time, that an early ontogenetic acclimation process of a tropical shark ( Chiloscyllium punctatum ) to the projected scenarios of ocean acidification (ΔpH = 0.5) and warming (+4°C; 30°C) for 2100 elicited significant impairments on juvenile shark condition and survival. The mortality of shark embryos at the present-day thermal scenarios was 0% both at normocapnic and hypercapnic conditions. Yet routine metabolic rates (RMRs) were significantly affected by temperature, pH and embryonic stage. Immediately after hatching, the Fulton condition of juvenile bamboo sharks was significantly different in individuals that experienced future warming and hypercapnia; 30 days after hatching, survival rapidly declined in individuals experiencing both ocean warming and acidification (up to 44%). The RMR of juvenile sharks was also significantly affected by temperature and pH. The impact of low pH on ventilation rates was significant only under the higher thermal scenario. This study highlights the need of experimental-based risk assessments of sharks to climate change. In other words, it is critical to directly assess risk and vulnerability of sharks to ocean acidification and warming, and such effort can ultimately help managers and policy-makers to take proactive measures targeting most endangered species.

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