Soviet cinema as a state budget’s contributor. Distribution in the 1930s

2014 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 8-22
Author(s):  
Marina Ivanovna Kosinova
Keyword(s):  
Film Industry ◽  
The State ◽  
Film Production ◽  
Silent Cinema ◽  
Industrial Base ◽  
State Program ◽  
European Experience ◽  
Soviet Cinema ◽  
The Government ◽  
Soviet Russia

The idea of replacing revenues from alcohol sale with income from cinema attendance was put forward by L. Trotsky in Soviet Russia in the early 1920s. At the stage of transition from silent cinema to the sound one this idea received a significant number of supporters. Anyhow attendance statistics proved a considerable gap between alcohol profitability and yield, calculated on theatre booking. In order to heal the situation quite a number of new cinemas had to be built. Since the state did not have adequate resources at its disposal, it was decided to refurbish the churches into cinema theatres. As a result the two important aims were to be gained: efficient increase of attendance and effective antireligious propaganda. Achievements of Soviet cinema in the early 1930s supported the idea of cinema to triumph over alcohol. Iosif Stalin proclaimed the replacement of the income from vodka with income from cinema as an official party and state program: expanding industrial base of the Soviet cinema, making more films, increasing the film circulation, building more cinemas. I. Stalins idea was to be realized by the chairman of the GUKF B. Shumyatsky. Acquainted with American and European experience, he proposed a number of reforms in the film industry, the key to which was the creation of the Cinema city in the South of the country, the Soviet Hollywood. As a result, the Soviet film industry had to be increased 10 times. But the project of the Cinema city was not approved by the government. While B. Shumyatsky was working over this project, the assets of the Soviet cinema were actually put on the slide. As a result, the output of film production in Russia decreased significantly, not allowing to execute the annual plan. Thus the idea to replace vodka income into cinema one turned out unfulfilled.

scholarly journals TARGET SUBSIDIES AS A FILM SCREENING DEVELOPMENT TOOL IN RUSSIAN REGIONS

2019 ◽  
pp. 75-82
Author(s):  
L. A. Lanina ◽  
A. V. Malyshev
Keyword(s):  
Film Industry ◽  
System Organization ◽  
Implementation Process ◽  
The State ◽  
Economic Conditions ◽  
State Program ◽  
Development Tool ◽  
Current Program ◽  
Russian Film

Execution of protectionist measures by the state in the film screening field is a significant for the entire film industry as a whole, as the state of the Russian film screening affects both distribution and film production. The implementation process of the state program to provide subsidies for the cinemas modernization cinemas in small and medium-sized Russia cities has been examined. The current program results, their importance for the regional film screening and the Russian film industry have been analyzed. The special socio-economic conditions of the subsidized theaters functioning have been highlighted. The two-level system organization for further activities subsidized cinemas support is proposed and a measures set to achieve the state program goals for the long term have been offered.

scholarly journals Made in Russia

Acta Naturae ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 11-16
Author(s):  
Acta Naturae
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Healthcare Services ◽  
The State ◽  
Public Healthcare ◽  
Production Cycle ◽  
State Program ◽  
Draft Resolution ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
The Government ◽  
Made In

By the end of 2012, the Government of the Russian Federation is to approve the State Program Development of the Pharmaceutical and Medical Industries for 20132020, which includes the current Federal Target-Oriented Program Pharma-2020. One of the objectives within the State Program prepared by the Ministry of Industry and Trade is to increase the share of domestically produced drugs and medicinal products in overall consumption by the public healthcare services of the Russian Federation by 48%. However, the term domestically produced drug still remains to be legislatively defined. According to the draft resolution issued by the Ministry of Industry and Trade in May 2012, a domestic drug should mean a drug whose production cycle in the territory of the Russian Federation starts from a substance or a ready-toconsume formulation. Until 2014, the Ministry was ready to regard even those drugs whose packaging was made in Russia as Russian ones. However, no further steps followed. Therefore, the question pertaining to which drugs and which produced by which pharmaceutical companies should be regarded as domestic drugs remains open. Actors of the Russian pharmaceutical industry share their opinions.

IMEMO in Early 1990s (continued)

2015 ◽  
pp. 101-110
Author(s):  
P. Cherkasov
Keyword(s):  
Political System ◽  
Central Government ◽  
The State ◽  
Political Crisis ◽  
The Political ◽  
Public Authorities ◽  
General Terms ◽  
Social Liberalism ◽  
The Government ◽  
Soviet Russia

The article analyzes IMEMO activities in 1992–1993, when in Russia, under the influence of both radical economic reforms and drastic weakening of the central government, a deep political crisis emerged and gained a dangerous traction, fraught with the death of a young democracy and even the collapse of the state. Under these conditions, along with economic issues, the politological research came to the fore in IMEMO – the analysis of the country's new political system, the definition of its development vector. The Center of Socio-economic and Socio-political Research of IMEMO headed by German Germanovich Diligenskii played the major role in this work. Analysts of the Center prepared a number of recommendations for public authorities concerning the creation and development of a new democratic political system in Russia. IMEMO experts paid the utmost attention to the nature of the political crisis that arose in the post-Soviet Russia in late 1991, and the ways to overcome it. In January 1993, the results of the study were presented to the discussion at the Academic Council. It was agreed that one of the main causes of the political crisis in the country was the social tensions worsening, as a consequence of the “shocking therapy” conducted by the government of Gaidar in 1992. In the discussion on the political outlook German Diligenskii, rejecting the possibility of the old command-administrative system restoration, substantiated a probability of transformation of the "market democracy" not yet established in Russia into the "authoritarian monopoly or monopoly-bureaucratic system". Noting the disunity of democratic forces, weakness of the entrepreneurial class, largely dependent on the state, Diligenskii formulated a program for uniting all adherents of “arket democracy” under the slogan of "social liberalism", which would take into account Russian specifics. Consolidation of democracy and market economy in Russia is impossible without preservation of the state territorial integrity and consolidation of the central government, with a clear division of functions and powers of its constituent branches. Monopolization (usurpation) of all power by one of the branches – legislative or executive – should not be allowed. The victory of any of them in any case would mean the defeat of democracy. Such was, in general terms, the position of IMEMO in the face of the 1992–1993 political crisis. Acknowledgement. The publication was prepared as part of the President of Russian Federation grant to support the leading scientifi c schools NSh-6452.2014.6.

scholarly journals NEW APPROACHES TO THE DEVELOPMENT OF STATE PROGRAMS OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION AND THE FIRST EXPERIENCE OF THEIR PRACTICAL IMPLEMENTATION

2021 ◽  
pp. 31-41
Author(s):  
Rustam R. Gumerov
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
National Development ◽  
The State ◽  
Practical Implementation ◽  
Structural Elements ◽  
Process Measures ◽  
State Program ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
The Government ◽  
State Programs

Resolution of the Government of the Russian Federation No. 786 of May 26, 2021 «On the Management System of State Programs of the Russian Federation» (hereinafter — Resolution No. 786) approved new rules for the development, implementation, monitoring and evaluation of the effectiveness of state programs of the Russian Federation. In the development of the resolution, the Order of the Ministry of Economic Development of the Russian Federation No. 500 dated August 17, 2021 adopted methodological recommendations for the development and implementation of state programs of the Russian Federation that meet new requirements. Programs should acquire a homogeneous structure that includes five main elements: a list of strategic priorities, a passport of the state program containing goals and indicators with their decomposition by region, passports of federal, departmental projects and complexes of process measures (structural elements of the state program), plans for the implementation of structural elements and a regulatory «substrate» — acts necessary for the implementation of the program. For each state program, as well as its individual elements, a list of socially significant indicators linked to national development goals should be formed. In all state programs, the project part will be allocated, providing for the implementation of specific tasks and obtaining unique results for a limited period of time. One of the first (if not the first) to approve the updated version of the State Program for the Development of Agriculture and Regulation of Agricultural Products, Raw Materials and Food Markets (hereinafter also referred to as the State Program, Program), which comes into force on January 1, 2022. On the example of the updated version of the State Program, the article provides a critical and constructive analysis of systemic problems that may arise in the development of state programs of the Russian Federation as part of the implementation of a new system of program-targeted management.

scholarly journals Implementation of state policy of assistance to compatriots living abroad in Zabaykalsky Krai

2021 ◽  
pp. 17-35
Author(s):  
Elena Sevostyanova ◽  
Olesya Ul'yanova
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Socioeconomic Development ◽  
Federal District ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
The State ◽  
Information Support ◽  
State Program ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
The Government ◽  
Far Eastern

The state takes different steps towards solution of demographic problems, one of which is the implementation of State Program for Assisting Compatriots Residing Abroad in Their Voluntary Resettlement in the Russian Federation approved by the President of the Russian Federation on June 22, 2006. The goal of this program is encourage and arrange the process of voluntary resettlement of compatriots in the Russian Federation, promote socioeconomic development of the regions, and solve demographic problems, namely in the territories of priority settlement. Within the framework of this program in 2012-2013, the regions of the Far Eastern Federal District were included into the list of territories of priority settlement. However, there is yet no unified Far Eastern program of resettlement; the regional programs that have been approved by the government of the Russian Federation are being implemented. The subject of this research is the implementation of the program of resettlement in Zabaykalsky Krai. The relevance of this topic is substantiated by the strategic geopolitical location of the region. The author examines the normative legal framework and measures taken by the government aimed at implementation of State Program for Assisting Compatriots Residing Abroad in Their Voluntary Resettlement in the Russian Federation. The two vectors of the program are considered: assistance to the voluntary resettlement of compatriots, and cooperation with compatriots who do not intend to relocate to Russia. The main trends of resettlement are revealed. The need to intensity information support for this project is underlined. The authors believe that more active involvement of civil society in cooperation with the compatriots living abroad may become an additional motivation for improving effectiveness of the state program.

scholarly journals Development of Financial and Taxation Mechanisms in Soviet Russia and in the USSR

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 100-112
Author(s):  
Victor Samarukha ◽  
Alexey Samarukha ◽  
Ivan Samarukha
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Development ◽  
The State ◽  
Historical Period ◽  
State And Society ◽  
Red Army ◽  
New Type ◽  
The Government ◽  
Soviet Russia ◽  
Taxation System ◽  
Second World

The authors consider the historical period of reforming the financial and taxation mechanisms of Soviet Russia and the USSR from 1917 to 1986. In 1985, M.S. Gorbachev came to power. He began reformation of the political system, the aims of which consisted in the process itself without any focus on a specific social and economic model for the state and society. Meanwhile, the epoch of the building of utopian communism in the USSR was over and in 1991, the USSR collapsed due to a number of fatal political mistakes made by Gorbachev and his associates, which led to a severe crisis. One of the most essential features of the reformed taxation system of the period is the fact of its being changed by the government to adapt it to the aims of the socioeconomic development of the peoples’ state of a new type, Soviet Russia and the USSR, through plan management of productive forces under conditions of state-owned means of production. It should be mentioned that the taxation system of Soviet Russia and the USSR guaranteed provision of financial and physical resources for the victory of the Red Army in the Civil War and in the war against the invaders. It also allowed the state to promptly industrialize the whole USSR, create the most advanced army in the world and win the Second World War, in the shortest time reconstruct economy and social sector destroyed by German occupiers and continue the accelerated socioeconomic development until the beginning of Gorbachev’s reformation. Thus, the above mentioned theoretical and practical aspects of the development of financial and taxation mechanisms of Soviet Russia and the USSR can be of practical use for scientists and practitioners not only in contemporary Russia but also in the other post-socialist countries when taking decisions of reforming financial and taxation systems.

scholarly journals Implementation of state policy of assistance to compatriots living abroad in Zabaykalsky Krai

2020 ◽  
pp. 17-35
Author(s):  
Elena Sevostyanova ◽  
Olesya Ul'yanova
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Socioeconomic Development ◽  
Federal District ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
The State ◽  
Information Support ◽  
State Program ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
The Government ◽  
Far Eastern

The state takes different steps towards solution of demographic problems, one of which is the implementation of State Program for Assisting Compatriots Residing Abroad in Their Voluntary Resettlement in the Russian Federation approved by the President of the Russian Federation on June 22, 2006. The goal of this program is encourage and arrange the process of voluntary resettlement of compatriots in the Russian Federation, promote socioeconomic development of the regions, and solve demographic problems, namely in the territories of priority settlement. Within the framework of this program in 2012-2013, the regions of the Far Eastern Federal District were included into the list of territories of priority settlement. However, there is yet no unified Far Eastern program of resettlement; the regional programs that have been approved by the government of the Russian Federation are being implemented. The subject of this research is the implementation of the program of resettlement in Zabaykalsky Krai. The relevance of this topic is substantiated by the strategic geopolitical location of the region. The author examines the normative legal framework and measures taken by the government aimed at implementation of State Program for Assisting Compatriots Residing Abroad in Their Voluntary Resettlement in the Russian Federation. The two vectors of the program are considered: assistance to the voluntary resettlement of compatriots, and cooperation with compatriots who do not intend to relocate to Russia. The main trends of resettlement are revealed. The need to intensity information support for this project is underlined. The authors believe that more active involvement of civil society in cooperation with the compatriots living abroad may become an additional motivation for improving effectiveness of the state program.

scholarly journals GOVERNMENT ADMINISTRATION AS THE MAIN PREREQUISITE FOR NARROWING THE CORRUPTION SPACE

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 193
Author(s):  
Oksana Safonchyk ◽  
Artem Ripenko
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Political Corruption ◽  
The State ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Professional Literature ◽  
Government Administration ◽  
State Program ◽  
The World ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Eu

Political corruption as a social phenomenon exists in virtually all countries of the world, including those that most researchers consider as “benchmarks” in terms of the development of democracy. At the same time, there is a steady tendency towards the growth of political corruption and the evolution of corruption practices in developed democratic countries. Problems of political corruption in the professional literature are given a lot of attention but the issues related to the peculiarities of the experience of fighting political corruption in the EU in the context of the introduction of appropriate practices in Ukraine remain insufficiently researched. In the context of reforming the modern Ukrainian society, the study of problems of preventing and counteracting corruption is extremely relevant for a number of reasons: firstly, corrupt practices in the government machinery are the main obstacle to the implementation of any reforms; secondly, the high level of corruption in society, as evidenced by the results of the World CPI Corruption Perception Index 2015, decreases public confidence in the government; thirdly, it is necessary to implement the anti-corruption recommendations of the Action Plan on Visa Liberalization from the European Union (EU); fourthly, the reduction of corruption would contribute to attracting international investment, and so on. The purpose of the article is to identify features of counteraction to corruption in the countries of the European Union and to analyse the formation of government administration as the main precondition for narrowing the corruption space. To achieve this purpose, the following goals were set: to determine the level of implementation of international anti-corruption standards in the government practice of Ukraine; to investigate the formation and development of anti-corruption institutions; to analyse the experience of anti-corruption institutions in the EU; to investigate the formation of informational transparency of government space; to analyse the ratings of Ukraine regarding data openness; to find out the features of E-Declaration models as an element of public control of anti-corruption institutions in the system of public administration. Reaffirming its European aspirations, during 2001–2018, Ukraine ratified several laws in relation to the formation of anti-corruption standards: a) general and on liability for corruption offenses and offenses related to corruption; b) documents on the activities of specialized agencies for fighting corruption; c) documents on ethical rules, anti-corruption restrictions and prohibitions for certain officials and on the prevention of political corruption; d) documents on the prevention of corruption in the economy and sports; e) documents on access to information. This allows asserting that in general the legislative framework for the prevention of corruption in Ukraine has already been established. Despite the adoption of many laws, out of 200 anti-corruption measures, which, according to the State Program for the implementation of the Anticorruption Strategy, had to be implemented by state bodies by the end of 2018, about 35% had not been implemented. Anticorruption strategy for 2019 and subsequent years and the State Program for its implementation do not exist. Many important anti-corruption laws, which would help to further improve the Ukrainian economy, finance, the system of social protection of the population, and so on, were not adopted. Many of the problems that prevent effective use of the data obtained still need to be resolved. It is also necessary to find solutions for defining the electronic declaration of anti-corruption crusaders.

Brazilian Women’s Filmmaking and the State during the 1970s and 1980s

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leslie L. Marsh
Keyword(s):  
Film Industry ◽  
The State ◽  
Women Filmmakers ◽  
Film Festivals ◽  
Supportive Role ◽  
The Government ◽  
Auteur Cinema ◽  
Brazilian Film ◽  
The Military

This chapter examines the role of the Brazilian state in women's filmmaking. In 1969, the Empresa Brasileiro de Filmes (Embrafilme) came into being during the most repressive years of the military regime. Originally created to promote and distribute Brazilian films abroad, Embrafilme was charged to oversee commercial and noncommercial film activities such as film festivals, the publication of film journals, and training of technicians. By the early 1980s, Embrafilme had become a vital source for independent, auteur cinema in Brazil and helped secure—but not sustain—women's place in the Brazilian film industry. Once the government took on a more supportive role in the film industry, contemporary women filmmakers began participating in filmmaking; however, women filmmakers in Brazil have conflicting opinions about the state-led agency and its role in supporting their careers as directors.

New Top Elites for Old in Russian Politics

1999 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 323-343 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. H. RIGBY
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
The State ◽  
Political Elite ◽  
Large Cities ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Government ◽  
Russian Politics ◽  
Soviet Russia ◽  
Three Components

Previous research on elite change in Russia, the main findings of which are summarized here, has shown that well over half of post-Soviet Russia's political elite were drawn from the late-Soviet era elite. After a caveat against loose use of the nomenklatura concept, this article focuses on a far narrower sub-group, defined as the ‘top’ political elite, comprising 135 individuals in late 1988 and ninety-eight in 1996. Many of the old top elite found lower elite roles in post-Soviet Russia and most of the new top elite came from fairly senior jobs, but hardly any passed directly from the old top elite to the new. Only a minority of the top elite in 1996 were ‘natural heirs’ to their positions while others owed them primarily to connections or to their success in the new open competitive politics. In this respect (as in others) there are substantial differences between the three components of the new top elite, namely members of the government, senior office holders in the State Duma, and leading officials of the presidential administration. The Russian top elite today remains overwhelmingly male. Far more grew up in large cities than did their Soviet-era equivalents. Non-Russians are now relatively less under-represented. All are tertiary graduates, and nearly a half have postgraduate qualifications. Members of the presidential elite are far more likely than government members to be city-born and educated in the social sciences or humanities, and they average almost a decade younger. The Duma elite lies in between in all these respects.

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