scholarly journals Students’ Mastering of Structural Analysis of Substance as a Method to Form Future Specialists’ Scientific Thinking. Part I

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (7) ◽  
pp. 41-68
Author(s):  
L. A. Baikova ◽  
M. A. Kosareva ◽  
E. A. Nikonenko ◽  
V. V. Vaitner ◽  
A. Majee
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Structural Analysis ◽  
Vocational Training ◽  
Knowledge Society ◽  
Educational Process ◽  
Scientific Thinking ◽  
Training Material ◽  
Nmr Method ◽  
Interdisciplinary Approaches ◽  
Independent Work

Introduction. In today’s knowledge society, the amount of scientificapplied information, which university graduates have to acquire, continues to increase continuously. There is a concurrent reduction in the number of study hours to undertake educational programmes in order to increase the hours for students’ independent work. Against this background, higher school is required to increase future experts’ competencies. Therefore, the content of fundamental and special disciplines of entire period of training and independent work of students should be thoroughly coordinated by increasing students’ motivation to self-education and self-development. Classroom-based and independent learning of disciplines and sections of fundamental academic courses, especially chemistry, is impossible without formation of students’ scientific thinking. Today, it is difficult to consider the activity of most professionals without the ability to think scientifically: active expansion of science into professional sphere has a strong tendency to be increased.The aim of the present research is to show the possibilities of formation and development of scientific thinking in the students of natural-scientific and technical directions of education using the example of studying of one of the elements of programmes in chemistry (the method of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) analysis).Methodology and research methods. The research was carried out on the basis of competency-based, systematic and interdisciplinary approaches. The methods of analysis, synthesis, integration, differentiation and compactification of fundamental knowledge and training material were used.Results and scientific novelty. The high potential of chemical education for formation of scientific thinking, subject content (chemical), natural-scientific and holistic scientific thinking is emphasised. However, chemistry education in higher education institution is complicated by the absence of the unified structure of fundamental preparation, the preservation of extensive approach to the content of chemical disciplines, the irrational organisation of students’ independent work, which now is accounted for a half of instructional time. Overcoming these problems lies in the dialectic unity of fundamental and practice-oriented knowledge, which is provided by the compliance with the principles of continuity and interdisciplinarity. It is necessary to provide deductive structurisation of training material in order to give integrity and systemacity to the content of education, without which it is impossible to create a comprehensive natural-scientific picture of the world in students. The key initial element of vocational training stimulating the formation of reflexive skills and scientific thinking of future experts is mastering by students of a categoricalconceptual framework of science, which is consistently and comprehensively revealed throughout a high school stage of education. The authors designated phases of development of scientific thinking (formal-logical, reflexive-theoretical, hypotheticodeductive thinking), which are not clearly differentiated due to interpenetration and entanglement of their components and identity of thought processes in terms of their speed and quality. However, the allocation of these stages allows to structure and to correct the content of educational material taking into account the characteristics and the level of students’ readiness. From these standpoints, the expediency of more detailed examination of the NMR method is proved within the disciplines such as “Chemistry”, “General Chemistry”, “Inorganic Chemistry” and “Analytical Chemistry” (a part of material about the NMR method can be worked out by students independently). This method, based on one phenomenon, includes hundreds of various types of the experiments, which are intended for receiving particular information. The NMR method is widely used both in scientific research, including master’s thesis, and in the most various manufacturing spheres. Today, the spectroscopy of NMR is recognised as the most powerful informative and perspective method of structural analysis of substance. The fundamental nature, interdisciplinarity and universality of the method provide students with basic professional knowledge on physics, chemistry, medicine, biology, technology and ecology. The authors of the present research propose the option of configuration of educational information on NMR. According to the suggested version, the principle of work is the following: firstly, bachelors study the system of key concepts and terms, moving gradually from formal-logical to substantial generalisations; then, students learn to explain the phenomena scientifically and to make forecasts, and, as a result, they become the “owners” of hypothetico-deductive thinking. The acquired competencies are the key to professional literacy, which is improved in master’s degree programme, when the previously compactified scientific knowledge in a contracted form is developed in the form suitable for an optimal solution of a particular research or practical aim. The similar scheme of vocational training makes it possible to overcome traditional orientation of high school programmes of the natural-science block (i.e. retention of permanently growing amount of factual material).Practical significance. The research materials can be useful for methodologists of the higher school, for experts engaged in methodological development and the organisation of educational process, for high school teachers of chemistry and related disciplines, for post-graduate students and master’s students of chemical and chemico-technological specialties as well.

scholarly journals Students’ Mastering of Structural Analysis of Substance as a Method to Form Future Specialists’ Scientific Thinking. Part II

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (8) ◽  
pp. 29-64
Author(s):  
L. A. Baikova ◽  
M. A. Kosareva ◽  
E. A. Nikonenko ◽  
V. V. Vaitner ◽  
A. Majee
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Structural Analysis ◽  
Vocational Training ◽  
Knowledge Society ◽  
Educational Process ◽  
Scientific Thinking ◽  
Training Material ◽  
Nmr Method ◽  
Interdisciplinary Approaches ◽  
Independent Work

Introduction. In today’s knowledge society, the amount of scientific-applied information, which university graduates have to acquire, continues to increase continuously. There is a concurrent reduction in the number of study hours to undertake educational programmes in order to increase the hours for students’ independent work. Against this background, higher school is required to increase future experts’ competencies. Therefore, the content of fundamental and special disciplines of entire period of training and independent work of students should be thoroughly coordinated by increasing students’ motivation to self-education and self-development. Classroom-based and independent learning of disciplines and sections of fundamental academic courses, especially chemistry, is impossible without formation of students’ scientific thinking. Today, it is difficult to consider the activity of most professionals without the ability to think scientifically: active expansion of science into professional sphere has a strong tendency to be increased.The aim of the present research is to show the possibilities of formation and development of scientific thinking in the students of natural-scientific and technical directions of education using the example of studying of one of the elements of programmes in chemistry (the method of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) analysis).Methodology and research methods. The research was carried out on the basis of competency-based, systematic and interdisciplinary approaches. The methods of analysis, synthesis, integration, differentiation and compactification of fundamental knowledge and training material were used.Results and scientific novelty. The high potential of chemical education for formation of scientific thinking, subject content (chemical), natural-scientific and holistic scientific thinking is emphasised. However, chemistry education in higher education institution is complicated by the absence of the unified structure of fundamental preparation, the preservation of extensive approach to the content of chemical disciplines, the irrational organisation of students’ independent work, which now is accounted for a half of instructional time. Overcoming these problems lies in the dialectic unity of fundamental and practice-oriented knowledge, which is provided by the compliance with the principles of continuity and interdisciplinarity. It is necessary to provide deductive structurisation of training material in order to give integrity and systemacity to the content of education, without which it is impossible to create a comprehensive natural-scientific picture of the world in students. The key initial element of vocational training stimulating the formation of reflexive skills and scientific thinking of future experts is mastering by students of a categorical-conceptual framework of science, which is consistently and comprehensively revealed throughout a high school stage of education. The authors designated phases of development of scientific thinking (formal-logical, reflexive-theoretical, hypothetico-deductive thinking), which are not clearly differentiated due to interpenetration and entanglement of their components and identity of thought processes in terms of their speed and quality. However, the allocation of these stages allows to structure and to correct the content of educational material taking into account the characteristics and the level of students’ readiness.From these standpoints, the expediency of more detailed examination of the NMR method is proved within the disciplines such as “Chemistry”, “General Chemistry”, “Inorganic Chemistry” and “Analytical Chemistry” (a part of material about the NMR method can be worked out by students independently). This method, based on one phenomenon, includes hundreds of various types of the experiments, which are intended for receiving particular information. The NMR method is widely used both in scientific research, including master’s thesis, and in the most various manufacturing spheres. Today, the spectroscopy of NMR is recognised as the most powerful informative and perspective method of structural analysis of substance. The fundamental nature, interdisciplinarity and universality of the method provide students with basic professional knowledge on physics, chemistry, medicine, biology, technology and ecology. The authors of the present research propose the option of configuration of educational information on NMR. According to the suggested version, the principle of work is the following: firstly, bachelors study the system of key concepts and terms, moving gradually from formal-logical to substantial generalisations; then, students learn to explain the phenomena scientifically and to make forecasts, and, as a result, they become the “owners” of hypothetico-deductive thinking. The acquired competencies are the key to professional literacy, which is improved in master’s degree programme, when the previously compactified scientific knowledge in a contracted form is developed in the form suitable for an optimal solution of a particular research or practical aim. The similar scheme of vocational training makes it possible to overcome traditional orientation of high school programmes of the natural-science block (i.e. retention of permanently growing amount of factual material).Practical significance. The research materials can be useful for methodologists of the higher school, for experts engaged in methodological development and the organisation of educational process, for high school teachers of chemistry and related disciplines, for post-graduate students and master’s students of chemical and chemico-technological specialties as well.

ORGANIZATION OF FOREIGN LANGUAGES DISTANCE LEARNING COURSE AT HIGH SCHOOL

2021 ◽  
pp. 118-123
Author(s):  
Denysenko I.I. ◽  
Tarasiuk A.M.
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Distance Learning ◽  
Foreign Language ◽  
Language Teaching ◽  
Foreign Language Teaching ◽  
Educational Process ◽  
Foreign Languages ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Technological Basis ◽  
Independent Work

The article is devoted to one of the advanced formats of foreign language teaching at high school, which effectively complements extramural and full-time forms of education – distance learning. The author emphasizes that the quality and effectiveness of foreign languages distance learning athigher educational establishments depends on effectively organized course; the pedagogical skills of teachers, participating in the educational process; the quality of applied methodical content.The main principles of foreign languages distance learning in higher education has been covered, the means of improving the quality and effectiveness of this educational format has been proposed, the key conceptual regulations of foreign languages distance learning has been determined. The article proposes a model for organizing foreign languages distance learning course for future specialists, describes a system to control and monitor the knowledge of all types of speech activities. It is also noted that independent work in the foreign languages distance course at high school should not be passive, but on the contrary, the student should be involved in active cognitive activities, not limited to acquiring foreign language skills, but necessarily includes their practical application; to solve certain communicative tasks in the future professional activity.The article concludes that in the process of organizing the foreign language distance learning course at high school, it is necessary to take into account not only the didactic characteristics and functions of multimedia and telecommunications as a technological basis, but also the conceptual trends of didactic distance learning as a component of modern education. In addition, it is necessary to take into account the specific nature of foreign language teaching in general.Key words: higher educational establishment, distance learning, multimedia means, independent work, information and communicative technologies, Internet, interactive engagement.

scholarly journals Specifics of The Educational Process Organization at Universities When Training Students for Midterm Assessment in The Worldskills Format

2020 ◽  
Vol 79 ◽  
pp. 02014
Author(s):  
Tatyana Viktorovna Masharova ◽  
Tatyana Vasilievna Malova ◽  
Liudmila Varanetskaya
Keyword(s):  
Vocational Training ◽  
Career Guidance ◽  
Assessment Method ◽  
Educational Process ◽  
Expert Assessment ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
Literary Education ◽  
A Value ◽  
Independent Work

The relevance of the problem is determined by the need to identify, select, and provide pedagogical and psychological support for talented youth, its successful career guidance, and efficient self-realization. The educational process organization in training for midterm assessment in the WorldSkills format helps students achieve a new quality of education associated not only with educational results, but also with a value attitude to themselves and others. The goal of the study is to identify the specifics of the educational process organization at universities when training students for midterm assessment in the WorldSkills format. The research methods include theoretical analysis of pedagogical theory, practice, and experience in vocational training; modeling, comparison, referencing, and generalization; expert assessment method; and methods of qualitative and quantitative processing of research results. The main results of the study are the following: the content of the process of organizing practical classes and independent work on the discipline “Literary education of preschool children” has been determined; the activity forms and methods for their implementation have been developed, the objective criteria for their assessment have been determined; the functional responsibilities have been distributed between students and the teacher in the educational process; and the point rating system for assessing students’ activities while mastering the discipline in the WorldSkills format has been created.

FROM THE HISTORY OF THE ORGANIZATION FOR THE CORRECTION OF JUVENILE OFFENDERS IN THE 1960s

2021 ◽  
pp. 91-98
Author(s):  
Александр Александрович Ефименко ◽  
Марина Александровна Сидакова
Keyword(s):  
Juvenile Offenders ◽  
Vocational Training ◽  
State Regulation ◽  
Educational Process ◽  
Correctional Institution ◽  
Educational Work ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Socialization Skills ◽  
Independent Work

В статье предпринята попытка описания опыта организации исправления несовершеннолетних осужденных в 1960-х гг. в отечественных пенитенциарных учреждениях. Реализация воспитательной работы осуществлялась на основе комплекса воспитательно-трудовой деятельности. В статье подробно рассмотрена организация учебно-воспитательного процесса в учебных мастерских, которые выступали основной формой исправительного воздействия, направленного на несовершеннолетних осужденных. Обозначены проблемы профессионального обучения осужденных в трудовых колониях. Авторы статьи попытались представить целостную картину функционирования механизма получения несовершеннолетними осужденными в трудовых колониях профессионального образования как комплекса воспитательных и учебных мероприятий. Обозначена роль профессионального обучения в 1960-х гг. как средства исправления несовершеннолетних осужденных, что нашло свое отражение в действующих нормативных правовых документах Российской Федерации. Описаны меры государственного регулирования данного процесса, в результате чего практически все осужденные на момент освобождения из исправительного учреждения получали необходимые навыки социализации, которые могли применить после освобождения. Большой интерес для организации учебного процесса в воспитательных колониях вызывает анализ представленных в статье средств, методов и форм обучения в трудовых колониях. В качестве педагогической новеллы рассматривается самостоятельная работа по специальной подготовке, которая оптимизировала весь процесс освоения профессии и определяла мотивацию к дальнейшему обучению, к саморазвитию. Авторами статьи предлагается вывод о том, что в основной массе исправительные учреждения 1960-х гг. для заключения несовершеннолетних осужденных представлены трудовыми колониями, в которых они, в первую очередь, подвергались воспитательному воздействию в процессе обучения специальностям и трудовой деятельности, организованной в соответствии с высокими требованиями к качеству результатов этой деятельности. The article attempts to describe the experience of organizing the correction of juvenile offenders in the 1960s in domestic penitentiary institutions. The implementation of educational work was carried out on the basis of a complex of educational and labor activities. The article considers in detail the organization of the educational process in the training workshops, which were the main form of correctional influence aimed at juvenile offenders. The problems associated with the stay of convicts in labor colonies during vocational training are identified. The authors of the article tried to present a complete picture of the functioning of the mechanism for obtaining vocational education by minors convicted in labor colonies as a complex of educational and training activities. The role of vocational training in the 1960s as a means of correcting juvenile offenders is outlined, which is reflected in the current regulatory legal documents of the Russian Federation. The measures of state regulation of this process are described, as a result of which almost all convicts at the time of release from a correctional institution received the necessary socialization skills that could apply them after release. Of great interest for the organization of the educational process in educational colonies is the analysis of the means, methods and forms of training presented in the article in labor colonies. As a pedagogical novel, we consider independent work on special training, which optimized the entire process of mastering the profession and determined the motivation for further training, for self-development. The authors of the article suggest that the majority of correctional institutions of the 1960s for the detention of juvenile offenders are represented by labor colonies, in which they, first of all, were subjected to educational influence in the process of training in specialties and labor activities organized in accordance with high requirements for the quality of the results of this activity.

scholarly journals The Role Of Laboratory Classes In Teaching A Physics Course In High School

2021 ◽  
Vol 03 (08) ◽  
pp. 4-8
Author(s):  
Karimova Muhayyo Usmonovna ◽  
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
The State ◽  
Educational Process ◽  
Physics Students ◽  
State Program ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Modern Information ◽  
Physics Course ◽  
Independent Work

This article describes the methodology for organizing laboratory classes in the subject of physics on the basis of the state Program in the subject. This technique can be used by teachers in teaching the subject of physics, students and students interested in physics. It is recommended as a practical and methodological indication for young teachers when organizing independent work of students in groups and individually, using modern information and pedagogical technologies in the educational process.

scholarly journals TRANSFORMATIONS PRACTICAL TRAINING OF SOCIAL WORKERS IN HIGH SCHOOL OF POLAND

2020 ◽  
pp. 184-196
Author(s):  
Zhanna Shevchenko
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
High School ◽  
Social Workers ◽  
Social Worker ◽  
Vocational Training ◽  
The State ◽  
Educational Process ◽  
Practical Training ◽  
The Social ◽  
Polish Higher Education

The dissertation is the first comprehensive study of practical training of social workers in high school of Poland. The analysis of the source base with the use of searchbibliographic, logical-system and interpretive-analytical methods revealed that a considerable amount of work is devoted to covering the issue of practical training of social workers in the educational process of higher education in modern world science, but systematic historical and pedagogical research on the development of the practical training of social workers in high school of Poland at the present stage of development was not carried out. The theoretical principles of the genesis and development of practical training of social workers in high school of Poland are revealed. It has been established that the legislative provision of training of social workers in Poland is a complex and dynamic process, which is constantly changing in accordance with international standards, regulatory requirements, social changes and needs for this type of service in a European country. However, the adoption of a number of legislative acts, which, in the light of European tendencies, regulated the social policy of the state during the period under investigation, predetermined much earlier the delineation of the professional space for the social worker in Poland and the emergence of a system of vocational training of social workers with the domination of their practical competitiveness on the labor market. On the basis of a holistic historical and pedagogical analysis it was established that the process of practical training of a social worker in high school of Poland as a social phenomenon includes two conditionally defined, substantiated and interconnected periods with corresponding transformations at the genesis stages: the first period – the development of practical training of social workers of the Polish Higher Education (1990 – 2004): (1990 – 1995); (1995 – 1999); (1999 – 2004); the second period – the intensification of the practical training of social workers of the Polish Higher Education (2004 – 2018): (2004 – 2008); (2008 – 2018). The practical component of the vocational training of social workers in high school of Poland is synergistically due to the subject-subjective interaction and mobility of the educational institution and the student, with a predictable orientation for future professional cooperation between the social worker and the client. Such an approach is an integral part of the social system of the state, which determines political, social, educational and personal transformations. In order to make changes, improve, review some of its elements and how to interact with them, one can apply only those pedagogical influences that are associated with natural trends in its development. The progressive ideas of the Polish experience regarding the practical training of social workers are outlined and the possibilities of their creative use in the domestic educational space are carried out. The study does not claim to comprehensively and exhaustively disclose all aspects of the problem. The directions of further work include the implementation of a comparative analysis of the professional training of social workers in Ukraine and the EU, the development of tools for ensuring the professional selfimprovement of specialists of the stated specialty by means of innovative foreign technologies, etc. Key words: practical training, practical courses, practice, practical social work, social worker, practical training of a social worker in Polish Higher Education.

scholarly journals THE PROBLEM OF INTERDISCIPLINARY INTEGRATION OF PHYSICS AND MATHEMATICS IN A HIGH SCHOOL

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (5(45)) ◽  
pp. 3-5
Author(s):  
Ohista Kosimjonovna Dehqonova ◽  
Sherzod Kholbo’taev ◽  
Jahongir Xotamov
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Educational System ◽  
Educational Process ◽  
Scientific Thinking ◽  
Creative Abilities ◽  
And Mathematics ◽  
Interdisciplinary Integration

The paper is devoted to study the problem of interdisciplinary integration of physics and mathematics in educational system. It was shown that interdisciplinary integration is presented as a means of increasing students’ independent creative abilities, increasing and shaping their worldview and scientific thinking, ultimately improving the entire educational process.

Designing and Implementing the Technology of the «Inverted Lesson» in Higher School

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 29-34
Author(s):  
М. Прохорова ◽  
M. Prohorova ◽  
О. Ваганова ◽  
O. Vaganova
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Experimental Work ◽  
Vocational Training ◽  
Control Measure ◽  
Design Procedure ◽  
Educational Process ◽  
Educational Standards ◽  
The University ◽  
Independent Work ◽  
Experimental Group

The article describes the results of experimental work on applying the technology of the "inverted lesson" in higher education. The reasons and prerequisites for using the technology of the "inverted lesson" in the domestic vocational education are described, such as an increase in the proportion of independent work in educational standards and the development of the capacities of the electronic educational environment of higher education institutions. The design procedure and the content of didactic and educational-methodical materials necessary for the implementation of this technology in the educational process are described. Presented are the results of experimental work using the technology of "inverted learning" in the educational process in the direction of training 44.03.02 "Vocational training". The results of the comparison of the performance of the control and experimental groups during the semester and the results of the control measure are presented, the time for performing the tasks of the audit work is compared, conclusions are drawn about the high potential of the "inverted lesson" technology as a way of organizing the independent work of students with a wide use of the electronic educational medium of the university. The obtained results are confirmed by the data of the survey of the students of the experimental group who highly appreciated the effectiveness of the "inverted lesson" technology.

MANAGEMENT OF THE SUCCESS OF STUDENT’S LEARNING BASED ON THE MARKOV MODEL

2018 ◽  
pp. 4-11
Author(s):  
M. V. Noskov ◽  
M. V. Somova ◽  
I. M. Fedotova
Keyword(s):  
Information System ◽  
Markov Process ◽  
Continuous Time ◽  
Information Technologies ◽  
Educational Process ◽  
Automated Information System ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The University ◽  
Independent Work ◽  
Near Future

The article proposes a model for forecasting the success of student’s learning. The model is a Markov process with continuous time, such as the process of “death and reproduction”. As the parameters of the process, the intensities of the processes of obtaining and assimilating information are offered, and the intensity of the process of assimilating information takes into account the attitude of the student to the subject being studied. As a result of applying the model, it is possible for each student to determine the probability of a given formation of ownership of the material being studied in the near future. Thus, in the presence of an automated information system of the university, the implementation of the model is an element of the decision support system by all participants in the educational process. The examples given in the article are the results of an experiment conducted at the Institute of Space and Information Technologies of Siberian Federal University under conditions of blended learning, that is, under conditions when classroom work is accompanied by independent work with electronic resources.

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