scholarly journals HUBUNGAN ANTARA TINGKAT PENDIDIKAN, STATUS PEKERJAAN DAN TINGKAT PENDAPATAN DENGAN USIA PERKAWINAN PERTAMA WANITA DI KELURAHAN KOTALAMA KECAMATAN KEDUNGKANDANG KOTA MALANG

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 210
Author(s):  
Lia Kurniawati ◽  
Siti Nurrochmah ◽  
Septa Katmawanti
Keyword(s):  
Employment Status ◽  
Infant Health ◽  
Income Level ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Level Of Education ◽  
First Marriage

Abstract: The high age of first marriage of woman in Village Kotalama, especially in the age group <20 years old and the age group >30 years of having an effect on maternal and infant health cover, the risk of pregnancy, childbirth, infant and perinatal mortality circumstances. Therefore, the research entitled "Relationship between Level of Education, Employment Status and Income Level by Age Marriage First Women in Village Kotalama District of Kedungkandang Malang." The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship of education level, employment status, and income level with age The first marriage of women. This research was an explanatory survey, with Cross-Sectional Study design. Subjects in this study as many as 125 people. Data analysis using Chi-square test cell incorporation. The data collection technique using the enclosed questionnaire. The results showed that: (1)The value of Chi-Square (X2 count) level of education 27.22> The value X2Table 9.488, (2)The value of Chi-Square (X2 count) level of income 10.47> The value of X2 Table 9.488 (3)The value of Chi-Square (X2 count) employment status 2.16< The value of X2 table 5.991. The conclusions are:(1)There is a significant correlation between levels of education and income with women's first marriage age, (2)There is no significant relationship between employment status with the age of the first marriage of women. Advice can be given that is, the relevant authorities can perform communication, information and education to society through the medium of local television in Malang, especially to the younger generation through compulsory education.Keywords: level of education, employment status, income level, the age of first marriage, village kotalamaAbstrak: Tingginya usia perkawinan pertama wanita di Kelurahan Kotalama, terutama pada kelompok usia <20 tahun dan kelompok usia >30 tahun yang berpengaruh terhadap kesehatan ibu dan bayi meliputi, resiko kehamilan, proses persalinan, keadaan bayinya dan kematian perinatal. Oleh karena itu, dilakukan penelitian dengan judul “Hubungan antara Tingkat Pendidikan, Status Pekerjaan dan Tingkat Pendapatan dengan Usia Perkawinan Pertama Wanita di Kelurahan Kotalama Kecamatan Kedungkandang Kota Malang.” Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengetahui hubungan tingkat pendidikan, status pekerjaan, dan tingkat pendapatan dengan usia perkawinan pertama wanita. Penelitian ini termasuk penelitian survey bentuk explanatory, dengan rancangan Cross-Sectional Study. Subjek dalam penelitian ini sebanyak 125 orang. Analisis data menggunakan uji Chi-square penggabungan sel. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan kuesioner tertutup. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa: (1)Nilai Chi-Square (X2 Hitung) tingkat pendidikan 27.22 > nilai X2 Tabel 9.488, (2)Nilai Chi-Square (X2 Hitung) tingkat pendapatan 10.47 > nilai X2 Tabel 9.488, (3)Nilai Chi-Square (X2 Hitung) status pekerjaan 2.16 < nilai X2 Tabel 5.991. Diperoleh kesimpulan, (1)Ada hubungan yang signifikan antara tingkat pendidikan dan tingkat pendapatan dengan usia perkawinan pertama wanita, (2)Tidak ada hubungan yang signifikan antara status pekerjaan dengan usia perkawinan pertama wanita. Saran yang dapat diberikan yaitu, Dinas terkait dapat melakukan komunikasi, informasi dan edukasi kepada masyarakat melalui media televisi lokal di Kota Malang, terutama kepada generasi muda melalui program wajib belajar.Kata Kunci: tingkat pendidikan, status pekerjaan, tingkat pendapatan, usia perkawinan pertama, kelurahan kotalama

scholarly journals Cross sectional study for contraceptive practices in antenatal women at tertiary rural institute

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 618
Author(s):  
Pragati Divedi ◽  
Rajani Rawat ◽  
Soniya Vishwakarma ◽  
Nupur Mittal ◽  
Deepti Dwivedi
Keyword(s):  
Informed Consent ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Outpatient Services ◽  
Medical Sciences ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Level Of Education ◽  
Basic Level ◽  
Written Informed Consent

Background: Objective of the study was to assess the awareness and acceptance for contraceptive practices amongst the women attending the routine antenatal outpatient services at our tertiary rural institute.Methods: It was a cross sectional study done in UP University of Medical Sciences (UPUMS) Saifai. Three hundred fifty (350) patients aged between 18 -40 years were enrolled in the study after written informed consent. A self structured pre formed questionnaire was provided regarding demographic profile, obstetric profile, contraceptive practices and reasons for not using any contraception. Then data were analysed statistically.Results: Majority of the women were between the age group of 30-35 years and had basic level of education. In our study 90% women were aware of one or more methods of contraception. 86.5% accepted the contraceptive practices and 81.43% followed the contraception. 81.43% used temporary methods of which OCPs, IUCDs, and Condoms were common.Conclusions: Majority of the women were between 30-35 years of age. 90% women knew about some method of contraception. 81.4% women followed the temporary method of contraception. Among non users the main reason for not using contraceptive method were mainly lack of knowledge and they wanted more children.

Frequency of Crowding in patients reporting at Nishtar Institute of Dentistry, Multan

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (8) ◽  
pp. 1908-1909
Author(s):  
Zubair Hassan Awaisi ◽  
Muhammad Azeem ◽  
Faisal BDS ◽  
Hafiza Asma Jawaid ◽  
Muhammad Haseeb ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Permanent Dentition ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Gender And Age ◽  
Chi Square Test

Aim: To determine the frequency of crowding in patients reporting at Nishtar Institute of Dentistry, Multan. Methods: A total of 200 patients (126 females, 74 males) having malocclusion in permanent dentition were included in this cross-sectional study. Patients in the age group 7years and above were included in the study. Statistical analysis was done by using SPSS version20.0. Cross tabulations were performed for gender and age groups and chi square test was used to determine association. Results: The frequency of crowding was found to be 29%. The percentage of crowding in males was 12% and females 17 %. While the frequency of crowding was 31% in males and 28% in females. It was found that there was a decrease in crowding with increasing age in both genders. Conclusion: Crowding was more frequent in females than males. Keywords: Malocclusion, Alignment, Orthodontics

scholarly journals Anxiety Status of Instagram Users during Coronavirus Disease in Iran in 2020: A Cross-sectional Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 105-108
Author(s):  
Hamed Delam ◽  
Ahmadreza Eidi ◽  
Omid Soufi ◽  
Mohammad-Rafi Bazrafshan
Keyword(s):  
Significant Relationship ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Academic Education ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Level Of Education ◽  
Chi Square Test

Background and aims: Today, with the increasing prevalence of COVID-19 in the world, the general population with excessive worry due to media reports has a higher level of psychological distress. Therefore, the present study aimed to determine the state of anxiety among Instagram users in 2020. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study that was conducted from June to July 2020 on 313 Instagram users. Coronavirus Anxiety Scale was used to measure anxiety caused by coronavirus in Iran. The subjects entered the study by availability sampling and filled out the questionnaire through the features of Instagram such as posts and stories. Chi-square test was used to analyze the relationship between independent and dependent variables according to the nature of the variable. The significance level was considered to be P<0.05. Results: Out of 313 participants in the study, 218 (69.6%) were in the age range of 19-35 years. Additionally, 50.5% of them were male and the majority of the participants had academic education. Overall, 21.4% of the participants had moderate to severe anxiety. There was no significant relationship between the participants’ levels of anxiety and demographic variables (age groups, gender, and level of education) (P>0.05). Conclusion: The results of chi-square test showed that no significant relationship was observed between the dimensions of anxiety based on the demographic characteristics of individuals such as age groups (P=0.256), gender (P=0.644), and level of education (P=0.415).

Prevalence of Tobacco use Among the Students in Professional and Non-Professional Colleges of Mathura City

2014 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-35
Author(s):  
A Chaudhary ◽  
K Dhanker ◽  
NA Ingle ◽  
N Kaur
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Tobacco Use ◽  
Health Hazard ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Chi Square Test

ABSTRACT Introduction Tobacco in general is used as smoking and smokeless tobacco forms. These tobacco products are the global public health hazard for the health in general and oral health in particular. Aim To find the prevalence of tobacco use among the professional and non-professional college students of Mathura city. Material and Methods A cross sectional study carried out in Mathura city to assess the prevalence of tobacco use among the college students in the age group of 15 to 30 years (N= 1478). Students were grouped as professional (N=500) and non professional (N= 978). Structured pretested proforma was used to assess the prevalence of tobacco use. The data obtained was subjected to statistical analysis using Chi-Square test, ANOVA and PostHoc Tukey test (p ≤ 0.05). Results The subjects found to consume tobacco were 40%,whereas 60% were non-users. Conclusion It was concluded that tobacco use was higher among males as compared to females. The college years are a crucial period in the development or abandonment of adverse habits like tobacco use. Tobacco use in this group should be monitored closely, and young adults should be included in all tobacco control efforts.

scholarly journals Prevalences of metabolic syndrome and its sex-specific association with socioeconomic status in rural China: a cross-sectional study

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xuhua Ying ◽  
Shuyue Yang ◽  
Songtao Li ◽  
Meifang Su ◽  
Na Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Rural China ◽  
Income Level ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Lower Income ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Rapid Urbanization ◽  
Level Of Education

Abstract Background Few studies have reported the prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MS) and examined relationships between socioeconomic status and MS in rural China. This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of MS and MS components as well as their associations with socioeconomic status among rural Chinese adults. Methods A cross-sectional study of 26,836 participants aged 20 years and older was conducted from June to December 2012 in Yuhuan City, Zhejiang Province, China, which is located on Yuhuan Island. A multivariable logistic regression model was used to identify risk factors for MS and their possible interactions. Results Among 26,836 subjects with an average age of 53.4 ± 14.0 years, 59% were female. The overall prevalence of MS was 20.5%, and there was a significant sex difference in the prevalence (15.1% for males vs. 24.2% for females, P < 0.001). Compared with males, females also showed a significantly higher proportion of most MS components. A significantly higher prevalence of MS was found among subjects who were elderly, had a lower income level, had a lower level of education, or were unemployed. Multiple significant interactions were observed between the prevalence of MS and sex, age or socioeconomic status (P < 0.001). The risk of MS increased significantly with age in females but not in males. Additionally, a lower income level and a lower level of education were significantly related to an increased risk only in females, and unemployed males had a higher risk of MS than unemployed females. Conclusions The prevalence of MS and its components was relatively high in a rural island Chinese population with rapid urbanization, and sex-specific associations between socioeconomic factors and MS were found. Targeted preventive interventions should be developed and implemented to prevent and control MS among those with low socioeconomic status, especially females.

scholarly journals A cross sectional study on the precocious puberty among girls in the age group of 11-15 years, in two schools in Kollam

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (5) ◽  
pp. 1603
Author(s):  
Jeffy Binu ◽  
Sonia Raichel Thomas
Keyword(s):  
Human Development ◽  
Precocious Puberty ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
P Value ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Chi Square Test

Background: Puberty is the period during which human development progresses, from the first pubertal sign to full sexual maturation. Precocious puberty is a common problem affecting up to 29 per 100 000 girls per year. The objective of this study is to find out the prevalence of precocious puberty among school going girls and to find out relation with various risk factors.Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted by enrolling 250 school going girls by selecting one school each from urban and rural setup. Prevalence of precocious puberty was expressed in percentage and Chi square test was applied to check association. P value for statistical significance was fixed at P<0.05.Results: The prevalence of precocious puberty was found to be 10.4%. In urban it was found to be 12.35% and in rural it was 8.43%. Girls whose fathers have primary education are risky to have precocious puberty (P<0.049). Those students who take fish occasionally, that is once or thrice in a week were more prone to have precocious puberty (P<0.000). Prevalence of Precocious puberty is more in rural area when compared to urban area. Parents, especially fathers who were less educated should take of care of their daughter’s health by not giving them dried and junk foods. It is better to take fish daily, rather than once or thrice in a week, occasional consumption of fish is found to be a reason for precocious puberty.Conclusions: Prevalence of Precocious puberty was 10.4%. Fathers of the girls, who are not well educated and occasional fish consumption of girls was found to be the significant reason for Precocious puberty.

scholarly journals Sex Differences in The Association Between Socioeconomic Status and Metabolic Syndrome in Rural China: An Updated Cross-Sectional Study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xuhua Ying ◽  
Shuyue Yang ◽  
Songtao Li ◽  
Meifang Su ◽  
Na Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Income Level ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Lower Income ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Rapid Urbanization ◽  
Level Of Education ◽  
Increased Risk

Abstract Background: The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MS) and MS components as well as their association with socioeconomic status among rural Chinese adults.Methods: A cross-sectional study of 26836 participants aged 20 years and older was conducted from June to December 2012 in Yuhuan City, Zhejiang Province, China, which is located on Yuhuan Island. A multivariable logistic regression model was used to identify risk factors for MS and their possible interactions.Results: Among 26836 subjects with an average age of 53.4±14.0 years, 59% were female. The overall prevalence of MS was 20.5%, and there was a significant sex difference in the prevalence (15.1% for males vs. 24.2% for females, p<0.001). Compared with males, females also showed a significantly higher proportion of most MS components. A significantly higher prevalence of MS was found among subjects who were elderly, had a lower income level, had a lower level of education, or were unemployed. Multiple significant interactions were observed between the prevalence of MS and sex, age or socioeconomic status (p<0.001). The risk of MS increased significantly with age in females but not in males. Additionally, a lower income level and a lower level of education were significantly related to an increased risk only in females, and unemployed males had a higher risk of MS than unemployed females.Conclusions: The prevalence of MS and its components was relatively high in a rural island Chinese population with rapid urbanization, and sex-specific associations between socioeconomic factors and MS were found. Targeted preventive interventions should be developed and implemented to prevent and control MS among those with a low socioeconomic status, especially females.

scholarly journals Curve decline of COVID-19: An analysis of first wave of disease in Pakistan– A cross-sectional study.

2021 ◽  
Vol 28 (06) ◽  
pp. 762-771
Author(s):  
Asma Naseer Cheema ◽  
Aneeqa Naz ◽  
Muhammad Younas ◽  
Azra Azra ◽  
Yasmeen Batool ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Old Age ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Disease Spread ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Difference

Objective: The objective was to observe the COVID-19 rise and fall, disease pattern, clinical presentation, effective treatment and outcome in native population. Study Design: Cross Sectional study. Setting: Children’s Hospital Multan, Nishtar Hospital Multan, CMH Multan and Teaching Hospital of Kohat. Period: March 2020 to August 2020. Material & Methods: A total of 2,186 subjects with the suspicion of COVID-19 were enrolled in this study. Chi-square test was used to see the difference in disease distribution. Results: Of total, 779 patients were found positive for COVID-19, 47.11% were symptomatic. Of all positive subjects, no significant difference of disease spread was observed in young (<40 years) versus old age (>40 years) [X2 = 3.14; P=0.076). There were more asymptomatic female carriers than male (X2 = 11.68; P=0.001). The rise in cases was observed in May-June after maximum exposure on Eid festival then decline in July. Overall mortality rate was 3.98%. Conclusions: The mortality rate was higher in the start, then gradually declined (9.57-0) %. The disease prevalence was higher in male, and in the age group of 21-50 years. The mortality rate was higher in old age group (>40 years). Paracetamol and azithromycin proved to be effective in mild to moderate symptomatic patients.

Suicidal Death Autopsy Analysis at Dhaka Medical College

1970 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 18-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
MN Hossain ◽  
Z Rahman ◽  
S Akhter
Keyword(s):  
Forensic Medicine ◽  
Causes Of Death ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Autopsy Report ◽  
Common Causes ◽  
Suicidal Death

A cross sectional study was carried out at the department of Forensic Medicine in Dhaka Medical College during the period of January 2008 to December 2009. Data were collected from 3rd copy of the post mortem reports which were preserved in the department of Forensic Medicine with the verbal consent of the doctors who performed autopsy report. During this period total 5114 autopsies were conducted. Out of this 970 cases (19%) were suicidal in nature. It was noticed that all suicidal deaths occurred from 10 years to all age group respectively, but top amongst age group of suicidal deaths occurred in between 21 to 30 years of people. Suicidal deaths are more common in female than male. Suicidal deaths due to hanging is highest, next common causes of death due to organophosphorus compund poisoning. Suicidal deaths by hanging is more in female than male but in poisoning cases male are more lvictimised than female. Objectives of our study are to see the occurrence and methods of suicidal death. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bmj.v40i1.9957 BMJ 2011; 40(1): 18-21

End Organ Damage in Hypertensive Geriatric Age Group: A Cross Sectional Study

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 10-16
Author(s):  
Prakashkumar Kyada ◽  
Kunal Jadhav ◽  
T. K. Biswas ◽  
Varshil Mehta ◽  
Sojib Bin Zaman
Keyword(s):  
Ventricular Hypertrophy ◽  
Organ Damage ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Isolated Systolic Hypertension ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
End Organ Damage ◽  
Common Risk Factors

Objective: Hypertension is one of the common risk factors for cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases/disorders A developing country like India faces the double burden of communicable and non-communicable diseases; of the which, hypertension is the most important treatable cause of mortality and morbidity with loss of functional capacity and decline in the quality of life. Aim: To study the prevalence of end organ damage in the hypertensive geriatric age group. Method: The present study was a cross sectional study, conducted in 150 elderly patients admitted in MGM Hospital, Navi Mumbai, India with the diagnosis of stage I or II hypertension from 2011 to 2013. Results: Data analysis of the present study showed that 68% of elderly population aged between 60 to 69 years were suffering from hypertension. Compared to males, females had a higher rate of target organ damage. This study found that out of all patients with total end organ damage, 54.6 % had CVS complications, 15.7 % had hypertensive retinopathy, 25.9 % and 18.51 had raised creatinine and proteinuria respectively. 19.4 % had cerebrovascular accident (CVA) complications. Among Cardiovascular related complications Coronary artery disease (CAD) was found in 21 patients, out of them 7 had Congestive cardiac Failure (CCF). Left Ventricular Hypertrophy (LVH) was the most common complication and seen in 38 patients. 13.8 % patients had Regional Wall Motion Abnormality (RWMA) Conclusion: The present study concluded that Isolated Systolic Hypertension (ISH) is the commonest type of hypertension in geriatric age group. This study concluded that the most common risk factors of HTN in the elderly are sedentary life style, dyslipidemia and extra salt intake while the most common end organ damage was observed to be Left Ventricular Hypertrophy followed by renal dysfunction. Keywords:  Hypertension,  Isolated Systolic Hypertension, Dyslipidemia.

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