scholarly journals Curve decline of COVID-19: An analysis of first wave of disease in Pakistan– A cross-sectional study.

2021 ◽  
Vol 28 (06) ◽  
pp. 762-771
Author(s):  
Asma Naseer Cheema ◽  
Aneeqa Naz ◽  
Muhammad Younas ◽  
Azra Azra ◽  
Yasmeen Batool ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Old Age ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Disease Spread ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Difference

Objective: The objective was to observe the COVID-19 rise and fall, disease pattern, clinical presentation, effective treatment and outcome in native population. Study Design: Cross Sectional study. Setting: Children’s Hospital Multan, Nishtar Hospital Multan, CMH Multan and Teaching Hospital of Kohat. Period: March 2020 to August 2020. Material & Methods: A total of 2,186 subjects with the suspicion of COVID-19 were enrolled in this study. Chi-square test was used to see the difference in disease distribution. Results: Of total, 779 patients were found positive for COVID-19, 47.11% were symptomatic. Of all positive subjects, no significant difference of disease spread was observed in young (<40 years) versus old age (>40 years) [X2 = 3.14; P=0.076). There were more asymptomatic female carriers than male (X2 = 11.68; P=0.001). The rise in cases was observed in May-June after maximum exposure on Eid festival then decline in July. Overall mortality rate was 3.98%. Conclusions: The mortality rate was higher in the start, then gradually declined (9.57-0) %. The disease prevalence was higher in male, and in the age group of 21-50 years. The mortality rate was higher in old age group (>40 years). Paracetamol and azithromycin proved to be effective in mild to moderate symptomatic patients.

scholarly journals Denver Developmental Screening Test in two-year old infants delivered by vacuum extraction

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 27
Author(s):  
Meriah Sembiring ◽  
Iskandar Iskandar ◽  
Amir Syarifuddin ◽  
Bistok Saing
Keyword(s):  
Physical Examination ◽  
Screening Test ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Developmental Screening ◽  
Vacuum Extraction ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Developmental Retardation ◽  
Significant Difference

The aim of this study was to determine the developmental retardation of infants of two years of age who were delivered by vacuum extraction. This cross-sectional study examined 44 infants delivered by vacuum extraction, comprising 25 males and 19 females who were born in Tembakau Deli and St. Elizabeth Hospitals, between August 1993 until February 1994. The examination included interview and physical examination in the patient's house. Chi-square statistics analysis was used with a significant level of 95% (1'=0.05). The results showed Ihat of the 44 infants delivered by vacuum extraction. 28 (32%) had had were found with mild asphyxia, while 2 infants (5%). whose mothers work as private clerk and entrepreneur, had development retardation. We concluded that there was no significant difference in development between infants delivered by vacuum extraction and those who were born spontaneously. Developmental retardation was found in infants whose mothers lack time to communicate.

scholarly journals Study of Maternal and Fetal Outcome among Booked and Unbooked Patients at tertiary Hospital

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 1027-1030
Author(s):  
Shanti Sunuwar Subedi ◽  
Rakina Bhansakarya ◽  
Sajjan Kumar Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Secondary Level ◽  
Tertiary Hospital ◽  
Fetal Outcome ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Spontaneous Vaginal Delivery ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Difference

Introduction: To evaluate the maternal and perinatal outcome in booked and unbooked cases. Objectives: To assess the maternal and fetal outcomes in unbooked and booked patients. Methodology: This was a cross-sectional comparative study conducted in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology from Augustti2019 to January 2020. Using a convenient sampling technique, 204 samples were taken and cross-sectional study was done. Results: There were total 204 cases in this study;102were booked and 102 were unbooked. In this study, 85(83%) of booked cases were educated up to secondary level as compared toti65 (64%) of unbooked cases. There was no significant difference in Apgar score in 1 and 5 minute between booked and unbooked cases. More babies in the unbooked group were transferred to NICU as compared to the booked group and the difference was significant (9.8%vs 1.9%). Greater proportion of booked cases had spontaneous vaginal delivery (81.3% vs 59.8%) and complications like preterm delivery, anemia, preeclampsia/ eclampsia, complicated labor and puerperal sepsis was also less in the booked group. Conclusions: The study showed that unbooked mothers and their newborns had higher chance of having complications.

scholarly journals Position of lips and tongue in rest in newborns with and without ankyloglossia

CoDAS ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 33 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Silvia Márcia Andrade Campanha ◽  
Roberta Lopes de Castro Martinelli ◽  
Durval Batista Palhares
Keyword(s):  
Visual Inspection ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Hospital Data ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Chi Square Test

ABSTRACT Purpose Verify the position of lips and tongue at rest in newborns with and without ankyloglossia. Methods Cross-sectional study, carried out with 130 newborns in University Hospital. Data collection was performed by the researcher and speech-language pathologists from the Hospital. Information on gestational age, sex, weight, height and days of life was collected. The position of the lips and tongue at rest was evaluated through visual inspection with the newborns asleep. After the newborns were awakened, Neonatal Screening of the validated Protocol for the evaluation of the lingual frenulum for infants was performed to detect the alteration of the lingual frenulum. The data obtained were described and submitted to statistical analysis using the Chi-Square test to verify the association between the position of the lips with the tongue and to compare the position of the lips and tongue with and without ankyloglossia. The Mann-Whitney test was used to verify the behavior of the variables the differed between newborns with and without ankyloglossia. The significance level of 5% was adopted. Results When comparing the data, a significant difference was found between: weight and height with and without ankyloglossia; position of lips and tongue. An association between the position of the tongue and lips with and without ankyloglossia was also found. Conclusion Newborns without alteration of the lingual frenulum have a tendency to remain with their lips closed and their tongue elevated during rest and newborns with ankyloglossia have a tendency to keep their lips parted and their tongue low during rest.

scholarly journals DIASTASIS RECTI AMONG PREGNANT AND POSTPARTUM WOMEN IN KANO, NIGERIA: A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-20
Author(s):  
Fatima Bichi ◽  
Dr. Shumaila Hanif
Keyword(s):  
Post Partum ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Postpartum Women ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Common Location ◽  
Diastasis Recti ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Difference

Diastasis Recti (DR) is a common muscular condition often present during and after pregnancy. This cross-sectional correlational study investigated the prevalence of DR among pregnant and postpartum women. A total of 250 pregnant and postpartum women were recruited using convenience sampling technique from obstetrics and gynaecology department, Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital, Kano, Nigeria. Age, body mass, height, BMI, parity, trimester, duration of DR postpartum, location of DR and DR status was recorded for each participant. Presence of DR was confirmed using the finger width method. Descriptive statistics of mean, SD, percentage were used to describe the data and determine the prevalence. Inferential statistics of Pearson’s and Spearman’s correlation were used to analyse the relationship between prevalence of DR and age, parity and duration of DR postpartum. Chi square was computed to determine the difference in prevalence of DR across trimesters. The result of this study indicated high prevalence of DR in post-partum and pregnant women (84% and 64.7% respectively); the most common location of DR was at the umbilicus in both pregnant and postpartum women. Prevalence of DR was high among the multigravida; and a significant relationship was found between prevalence of DR and age and parity of participants. There was a significant difference in prevalence of DR across the trimesters. It can be concluded that prevalence of DR among pregnant and postpartum women is high; age and parity are determinants of DR prevalence. Evaluation of DR should be considered as routine assessment in both pregnant and postpartum women.

scholarly journals A Cross-Sectional Study of Antibiotic Self-Medication

Thrita ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fatemeh Mousavi ◽  
Parisa Shojaei ◽  
Azadeh Nazemi ◽  
Atefe Dadashi
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Study Data ◽  
P Value ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Self Medication ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significant Difference

Objectives: This research has been conducted to study antibiotic self-medication, prevalence, and reasons. Methods: A questionnaire containing 30 comprehensive questions in terms of the experience of antibiotic self-medication was prepared. In this cross-sectional study, data were analyzed using analytical statistics bases on chi-square and logistic regression. Results: The results showed that 61.3% of the participants were self-antibiotic users. There was a significant difference only between gender and self-medication such that self-medication in males was more than females (P value = 0.027). Conclusions: Self-medication of antibiotics is almost high and requires more information about the side effects of these drugs in order to promote rational and physically prescribed use.

scholarly journals Implementasi Prinsip Keterbukaan dalam Pemberdayaan Terhadap Keaktifan Kader Kesehatan untuk Mencegah Risiko Kematian Ibu

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 39
Author(s):  
Yuni Romalita ◽  
Yusriani Yusriani ◽  
Muhammad Khidri Alwi ◽  
Serawati Serawati
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Data Analysis ◽  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Maternal Death ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Questionnaire Data ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Chi Square Test

Implementasi Prinsip Keterbukaan dalam Pemberdayaan Terhadap Keaktifan Kader Kesehatan untuk Mencegah Risiko Kematian Ibu Yuni Romalita Program Studi Magister Kesehatan, Pascasarjana Universitas Muslim Indonesia; [email protected] Yusriani Fakultas Kesehatan Masyarakat, Universitas Muslim Indonesia; [email protected] (koresponden) Muhammad Khidri Alwi Fakultas Kesehatan Masyarakat, Universitas Muslim Indonesia; [email protected] Serawati Program Studi Magister Kesehatan, Pascasarjana Universitas Muslim Indonesia; [email protected] ABSTRACT Maternal Mortality Rate (MMR) is one of the important indicators of the degree of public health. One of the government's programs in suppressing MMR is the empowerment of health cadres. Cadres have a big role to play in the smooth process of health services, one of which is posyandu activities. The principle of openness is very important in empowerment to increase the activeness of cadres in reducing MMR. The research objective is to find out the implementation of the principle of openness in empowering the activeness of health cadres in preventing the risk of maternal death in Gowa Regency. This type of research was cross sectional study with a sample size of 120 people, selectied by accidental sampling. Data collection was done by interview using a questionnaire, data analysis using the Chi square test. The results showed that 89.2% of cadres met the principle of openness in empowerment and 10.8% did not meet the principle of openness. There is a relationship between the implementation of the principle of openness in empowerment to the activeness of health cadres in preventing the risk of maternal death in Gowa Regency. It is expected that all relevant parties can work together to increase the activity of health cadres in preventing the risk of maternal death, especially in applying the principle of openness in empowerment. Keywords: the principle of openness; cadre empowerment; maternal death; cadre activity ABSTRAK Angka Kematian Ibu (AKI) menjadi salah satu indikator penting dari derajat kesehatan masyarakat. Salah satu program pemerintah dalam menekan AKI adalah pemberdayaan kader kesehatan. Kader memiliki peran besar terhadap lancarnya proses pelayanan kesehatan salah satunya kegiatan posyandu. Prinsip keterbukaan sangat penting dalam pemberdayaan untuk meningkatkan keaktifan kader dalam menurunkan AKI. Tujuan penelitian yaitu dalam untuk mengetahui implementasi prinsip keterbukaan dalam pemberdayaan terhadap keaktifan kader kesehatan dalam mencegah risiko kematian ibu di Kabupaten Gowa. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan yaitu Cross Sectiona Study dengan jumlah sampel sebanyak 120 orang, pemilihan sampel dengan cara accidental sampling. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan wawancara menggunakan kuesioner, analisis data menggunakan uji chi square. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa 89.2% kader memenuhi prinsip keterbukaan dalam pemberdayaan dan 10.8% yang tidak memenuhi prinsip keterbukaan. Ada hubungan antara implementasi prinsip keterbukaan dalam pemberdayaan terhadap keaktifan kader kesehatan dalam mencegah risiko kematian ibu di Kabupaten Gowa. Diharapkan kepada semua pihak yang terkait dapat bekerja sama untuk meningkatkan keaktifan kader kesehatan dalam mencegah risiko kematian ibu, khususnya dalam menerapkan prinsip keterbukaan dalam pemberdayaan. Kata kunci: prinsip keterbukaan; pemberdayaan kader; kematian ibu; keaktifan kader

scholarly journals The Esophageal Adenocarcinoma Epidemic Has Reached Hungary: A Multicenter, Cross-Sectional Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benedek Tinusz ◽  
László Botond Szapáry ◽  
Bence Paládi ◽  
András Papp ◽  
Barna Bogner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Esophageal Cancer ◽  
Cell Cancer ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Histological Types ◽  
Relative Incidence ◽  
Significant Difference

BackgroundThe epidemiology of esophageal cancer has changed dramatically over the past 4 decades in many Western populations. We aimed to understand the Hungarian epidemiologic trends of esophageal squamous cell cancer (SCC) and adenocarcinoma (AC).MethodsWe performed a cross-sectional study using data from esophageal cancer patients diagnosed between 1992 and 2018 at eight tertiary referral centers in four major cities of Hungary. We retrospectively identified cases in the electronic databases of each center and collected data on gender, age at diagnosis, year of diagnosis, specialty of the origin center, histological type, and localization of the tumor. Patients were grouped based on the two main histological types: AC or SCC. For statistical analysis, we used linear regression models, chi-square tests, and independent sample t tests.ResultsWe extracted data on 3,283 patients with esophageal cancer. Of these, 2,632 were diagnosed with either of the two main histological types; 737 had AC and 1,895 SCC. There was no significant difference in the gender ratio of the patients between AC and SCC (80.1 vs 81.8% males, respectively; p = 0.261). The relative incidence of AC increased over the years (p &lt; 0.001, b = 1.19 CI: 0.84–1.54). AC patients were older at diagnosis than SCC patients (64.37 ± 11.59 vs 60.30 ± 10.07 years, p &lt; 0.001). The age of patients at the diagnosis of primary esophageal cancer increased over time (p &lt; 0.001, R = 0.119).ConclusionsThe rapid increase in the relative incidence of AC and simultaneous decrease of the relative incidence of SCC suggest that this well-established Western phenomenon is also present in Hungary.

scholarly journals Dentogingival Smile Analysis of Young Adults of Al Qassim Province, Saudi Arabia: A Cross-Sectional Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Minu P. Mohan ◽  
Rahaf A. AlOlayan ◽  
Mohammad A. AlSweed
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Lower Lip ◽  
Restorative Treatment ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Photo Editing

Objectives. The present study aims to analyse the smiling components among young adults within Al Qassim region by evaluating typical smile parameters. Methodology. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 324 female and male participants between 18 and 35 years, within Al Qassim Province of Saudi Arabia. The dentogingival macro-aesthetic elements of the smile, the parallelism between the incisal curve and lower lip line, midline, and buccal corridors were determined by using Canon Rebel t7i (Canon, Melville, NY, USA) and evaluated by photo editing software Adobe Photoshop CC2019. The data were analysed using a chi-square test and Spearman’s correlation test for nonparametric data. Results. 62.5% of young adults had no buccal corridors. The nonparallel smile was found in 53.2% of young adults. A high smile line was observed in 33% of participants. 59.3% of young adults lacked a coinciding dental and facial midline. There was a statistically significant difference in the parallelism of the incisal curve and lower lip line as well as in the position of the upper lip line across genders ( P < 0.05 ). Conclusion. Understanding macro-aesthetic elements of teeth and their interrelation with the surrounding oral structures can be a guide in creating natural and aesthetically pleasing restorative treatment.

scholarly journals Ovarian Reserve In Infertile Women with and without Endometriosis Measured with Anti Müllerian Hormone

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naivah Harharah
Keyword(s):  
Ovarian Reserve ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Exclusion Criteria ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Infertile Women ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Difference

Objective: To compare serum Anti Müllerian Hormone (AMH) levels in infertile women with and without endometriosis, and to determine the mean levels of serum AMH in every stage of endometriosis. Method: We performed a cross-sectional study. Sixty-eight subjects who have undergone laparoscopy and fulfilled both inclusion and exclusion criteria are recruited consecutively. They are divided into two groups, namely group with endometriosis and without endometriosis. Blood samples are taken from each subject before laparoscopy, where serum AMH levels are then measured. The difference in mean levels of each group are tested with Mann-Whitney test. Result: The mean levels of serum AMH were significantly lower in the endometriosis group than those in the group without endometriosis (2.30 1.8 ng/ml vs 3.75 2.13 ng/ml; p=0.005). Using Kruskal-Wallis test, it was found that there was a statistically significant difference among endometriosis groups based on the severity of endometriosis. There was no significant difference in the mean serum AMH levels between the minimal-mild endometriosis group and without endometriosis group (p=0.34), but the mean levels of serum AMH were significantly lower in the moderate-severe endometriosis compare to the group without endometriosis (p

scholarly journals HYPONATREMIA;

2017 ◽  
Vol 24 (11) ◽  
pp. 1647-1651
Author(s):  
Riaz Ahmed Javid ◽  
Ayesha Ghafoor ◽  
Ifrah Ahmed
Keyword(s):  
Hepatic Encephalopathy ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
P Value ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Male Patients ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Study Setting

Objectives: To find out the frequency of hyponatremia in cases of hepaticencephalopathy. Study Design: Cross-sectional study. Setting: Department of Medicine DGKhan Hospital, DG Khan. Period: July 2016 to December 2016. Material and Methods: Total80 patients with hepatic encephalopathy either male or female were selected for this study.Hyponatremia was assessed in these selected patients. Results: Mean age of the patientswas 38.34 ± 11.140 years. Hyponatremia was found in 31 (39%) patients. Hyponatremia wasnoted in 13 (41.94%) patients of age group 18-36 years and 18 (36.73%) patients of age group37-55 years. Statistically insignificant association of hyponatremia with age was seen with pvalue 0.6467. Hyponatremia was found in 21 (40.38%) male patients and 10 (35.71%) femalepatients. But the difference of frequency of hyponatremia between male and female patients wasstatistically insignificant with p value 0.8109. Conclusion: Results of this study showed a higherpercentage of hyponatremia in patients with HE. Male were more victim of HE as compared tofemale but insignificant association of hyponatremia with gender is noted. Findings of presentstudy showed that there is insignificant association of hyponatremia with grade of HE, socioeconomicstatus, area of residence and age.

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