scholarly journals Preferential Vasodilator Effects of Levosimendan in Resistance Pulmonary Arteries in a Rodent Pulmonary Embolism Model

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Camila Bedo ◽  
Juan C Grignola
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Embolism ◽  
Vascular Function ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Saline Solution ◽  
Acute Hypoxia ◽  
Pulmonary Arteries ◽  
Mesenteric Arteries ◽  
Response Curves ◽  
Relaxant Effect ◽  
Male Wistar Rats

<p><strong>Background:</strong> We compared the vasoactive effects of levosimendan on isolated conduit (CPA) and resistance (RPA) pulmonary arteries versus mesenteric arteries and we assessed the PA vascular function and the PA vasoactive effects of levosimendan in a rodent PE model.</p><p><strong>Methods:</strong> One group of male Wistar rats (200-300 g) was killed by decapitation to obtain pulmonary and mesenteric rings. Another group was assigned to a massive PE or saline solution infusion. After euthanasia mesenteric arteries and CPA (i.d. 1-2 mm) and RPA (≤ 0.5 mm) were dissected and cut into 2-3 mm wide rings recording contractile tension. We obtained the concentration-response curves of cumulative doses of levosimendan on pre-contracted arterial rings from decapitated and sham/embolized animals. A set of RPA rings was exposed to acute hypoxia. The effect of PE on the pulmonary vasoactive function was assessed by dose-response curves of acetylcholine (ACh) and endothelin-1 (ET-1) of PA rings from sham/embolized animals.  </p><p><strong>Results:</strong> Levosimendan relaxant potency of RPA was similar to mesenteric arteries and higher than CPA, while mesenteric rings showed the maximal relaxant effect, followed by RPA and CPA, respectively. PE did not affect the vasoactive response of PA rings either to ACh or to ET-1, and the relaxant effects of CPA and RPA to levosimendan were also preserved. Acute hypoxia reduced (<em>P</em>&lt;0.05) but did not avoid the RPA relaxant effect of levosimendan.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Levosimendan is a more specific vasodilator of RPA with a similar relaxant potency as mesenteric arteries, which is preserved after PE but significantly reduced during hypoxia.</p>

scholarly journals Lack of synergistic interaction between quercetin and catechin in systemic and pulmonary vascular smooth muscle

2010 ◽  
Vol 105 (9) ◽  
pp. 1287-1293 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carmen Menendez ◽  
Rosario Jimenez ◽  
Laura Moreno ◽  
Pilar Galindo ◽  
Angel Cogolludo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Endothelial Dysfunction ◽  
Vascular Function ◽  
Pulmonary Arteries ◽  
Rat Aorta ◽  
Relaxant Effect ◽  
Isobolographic Analysis ◽  
Scavenging Effect ◽  
Synergistic Interactions ◽  
Pure Compounds ◽  
Intermediate Effect

Due to their ubiquitous distribution, flavonoids from different classes are commonly present together in foods. However, little is known about the interactions between them. The flavonol quercetin and the flavan-3-ol (+)-catechin are among the most abundant flavonoids in the diet. In the present study, we have analysed the interactions between these two flavonoids on vascular function using two pure compounds and mixtures of these flavonoids in 1:0·1, 1:1 or 1:10 proportions. Quercetin induced a more potent concentration-dependent relaxant effect than catechin in the isolated rat aorta, and the isobolographic analysis of the mixtures showed no synergistic or antagonistic effects between them, i.e. their effects were additive. Quercetin was more potent in mesenteric than in pulmonary arteries. Catechin had weak effects in these vessels and did not modify the effects of quercetin. Endothelial dysfunction induced by increased oxidative stress by the superoxide dismutase inhibitor diethyldithiocarbamate was prevented by quercetin, whereas catechin showed a weak effect and the 1:1 mixture an intermediate effect compared with the pure compounds. Quercetin but not catechin showed a pro-oxidant and NO-scavenging effect, which was not prevented by catechin. In conclusion, catechin was less potent than quercetin as a vasodilator, pro-oxidant or to prevent endothelial dysfunction, and there were no synergistic interactions between quercetin and catechin.

scholarly journals Role of NO in arterial vascular function of intertidal fish (Girella laevifrons) and marine fish (Isacia conceptionis)

2016 ◽  
Vol 76 (2) ◽  
pp. 500-505
Author(s):  
F. A. Moraga ◽  
N. Urriola-Urriola
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Sodium Nitroprusside ◽  
Marine Fish ◽  
Vascular Function ◽  
Isometric Tension ◽  
Mesenteric Arteries ◽  
Response Curves ◽  
Intertidal Fish ◽  
Branchial Arteries

Abstract Previous studies performed in intertidal fish (Girella laevifrons),as well as marine fish (Isacia conceptionis), showed that acetylcholine (ACh) produced contractions mediated by cyclooxygenases that were dependent on the area and potency of contraction in several arterial vessels. Given that the role of nitric oxide is poorly understood in fish, the objective of our study was to evaluate the role of nitric oxide in branchial afferent (ABA), branchial efferent (ABE), dorsal (DA) and mesenteric (MA) arterial vessels from both Girella laevifrons and Isacia conceptionis. We studied afferent and efferent branchial, dorsal and mesenteric arteries that were dissected from 6 juvenile specimens. Isometric tension studies were done using dose response curves (DRC) for Ach (10–13 to 10–3 M) and blockade with L-NAME (10–5 M), and DRC for sodium nitroprusside (SNP, a donor of NO). L-NAME produced an attenuation of the contractile response in the dorsal, afferent and efferent branchial arteries and a potentiation of the contraction in the MA. SNP caused 70% dilation in the mesenteric artery and 40% in the dorsal artery. Our results suggest that Ach promotes precarious dilatation in MA mediated by NO; data that is supported by the use of sodium nitroprusside. In contrast, in the vessels DA, ABA and EBA our results support that the pathway Ach-NO-relaxation is absent in both species.

scholarly journals Morphological alterations in the heart and aorta of rats treated with glucocorticoids

2015 ◽  
Vol 32 (04) ◽  
pp. 231-235
Author(s):  
R. Dantas ◽  
K. Souza ◽  
D. Santos ◽  
V. Feitosa ◽  
E. Fioretto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Histological Analysis ◽  
Saline Solution ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Morphological Structure ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Morphological Alterations ◽  
Heart Chamber ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Synthetic Glucocorticoid

Abstract Introduction: The objective of this study was to analyze the morphological structure of the heart and aorta of rats treated with the synthetic glucocorticoid dexamethasone. Material and Methods: Male Wistar rats were divided into two groups: 08 control rats undergoing treatment with a 0.9% saline solution for 10 days and 08 rats treated for 10 days with dexamethasone (2mg/kg animal weight). Results: Histological analysis detected a mild cardiac hypertrophy and 15% reduction of collagen located in the aorta of animals treated with glucocorticoid when compared to the control group. Conclusion: We conclude that treatment with dexamethasone for a period of 10 consecutive days is able to promote morphological changes in the structure of the heart chamber and, impair morphological structure of aorta.

scholarly journals A Mixture of Algae and Extra Virgin Olive Oils Attenuates the Cardiometabolic Alterations Associated with Aging in Male Wistar Rats

Antioxidants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 483 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel González-Hedström ◽  
Sara Amor ◽  
María de la Fuente-Fernández ◽  
Antonio Tejera-Muñoz ◽  
Teresa Priego ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Vascular Function ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Virgin Olive Oil ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Serum Concentrations ◽  
Male Wistar Rats

Aging is one of the major risk factors for suffering cardiovascular and metabolic diseases. Due to the increase in life expectancy, there is a strong interest in the search for anti-aging strategies to treat and prevent these aging-induced disorders. Both omega 3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (ω-3 PUFA) and extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) exert numerous metabolic and cardiovascular benefits in the elderly. In addition, EVOO constitutes an interesting ingredient to stabilize ω-3 PUFA and decrease their oxidation process due to its high content in antioxidant compounds. ω-3 PUFA are commonly obtained from fish. However, more ecological and sustainable sources, such as algae oil (AO) can also be used. In this study, we aimed to study the possible beneficial effect of an oil mixture composed by EVOO (75%) and AO (25%) rich in ω-3 PUFA (35% docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and 20% eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA)) on the cardiometabolic alterations associated with aging. For this purpose; young (three months old) and old (24 months old) male Wistar rats were treated with vehicle or with the oil mixture (2.5 mL/kg) for 21 days. Treatment with the oil mixture prevented the aging-induced increase in the serum levels of saturated fatty acids (SFA) and the aging-induced decrease in the serum concentrations of mono-unsaturated fatty acids (MUFA). Old treated rats showed increased serum concentrations of EPA and DHA and decreased HOMA-IR index and circulating levels of total cholesterol, insulin and IL-6. Treatment with the oil mixture increased the mRNA levels of antioxidant and insulin sensitivity-related enzymes, as well as reduced the gene expression of pro-inflammatory markers in the liver and in cardiac and aortic tissues. In addition, the treatment also prevented the aging-induced endothelial dysfunction and vascular insulin resistance through activation of the PI3K/Akt pathway. Moreover, aortic rings from old rats treated with the oil mixture showed a decreased response to the vasoconstrictor AngII. In conclusion, treatment with a mixture of EVOO and AO improves the lipid profile, insulin sensitivity and vascular function in aged rats and decreases aging-induced inflammation and oxidative stress in the liver, and in the cardiovascular system. Thus, it could be an interesting strategy to deal with cardiometabolic alterations associated with aging.

scholarly journals Hyperoxia blunts acute hypoxia- and PGF2α-induced pulmonary vasoconstriction in chronically hypoxic rats

2009 ◽  
pp. 917-920
Author(s):  
M Žaloudíková ◽  
M Vízek ◽  
J Herget
Keyword(s):  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Vascular Reactivity ◽  
Chronic Hypoxia ◽  
Acute Hypoxia ◽  
Gas Mixture ◽  
Pulmonary Vasoconstriction ◽  
Radical Production ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Lung Preparation

We investigated the influence of oxygenation of in vitro lung preparation on the pulmonary vascular reactivity. Small pulmonary vessels isolated from adult male Wistar rats exposed for 4 days to hypoxia (FiO2 = 0.1, group CH) were compared with those of normoxic controls (group N). The bath in the chamber of small vessel myograph was saturated with gas mixture containing either 21 % or 95 % of O2 with 5 % CO2 and we measured the reactions of vessels to acute hypoxic challenge with 0 % O2 or to PGF2α. We did not observe any difference of the contractile responses between both groups when the normoxic conditions were set in the bath. When the bath oxygenation was increased to 95 % O2, the contractions induced by hypoxic challenge and PGF2α decreased in chronically hypoxic rats and did not change in normoxic controls. We hypothesize that reduced reactivity of vessels from hypoxic rats in hyperoxia results from the effect of chronic hypoxia on Ca2+ signaling in the vascular smooth muscle, which is modulated by increased free radical production during the exposure to chronic hypoxia and further hyperoxia.

scholarly journals Carbamazepine does not alter the intrinsic cardiac function in rats with epilepsy

2010 ◽  
Vol 68 (4) ◽  
pp. 573-578 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diego B Colugnati ◽  
Ricardo M Arida ◽  
Roberta M Cysneiros ◽  
Vera C Terra ◽  
Eliza Y.F Sonoda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Saline Solution ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Sudden Unexpected Death ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Unexpected Death ◽  
Daily Dose ◽  
Male Wistar Rats

Among the causes for sudden unexpected death (SUDEP) in epilepsy, the effects of antiepileptic drugs on the heart have been poorly explored. Based on this, the aim of our study was to evaluate the heart rate (in vivo and isolated ex vivo) and ventricular pressure (isolated ex vivo) of rats with and without epilepsy treated with carbamazepine. Four groups of adult, male Wistar rats (200-250 g) were studied: [A] control rats (n=8), received neither pilocarpine nor carbamazepine [B] carbamazepine-treated rats (n=8), received a daily dose of 120 mg/Kg, i.p. of carbamazepine for two weeks; [C] rats with epilepsy that received just saline solution (n=8); [D] rats with epilepsy that received a daily dose of 120 mg/Kg, i.p. of carbamazepine for two weeks (n=8). Our results showed significant increase in heart rate in animals with epilepsy (with and without the use of carbamazepine) when compared to the control groups in vivo. In contrast, we did not find differences during isolated ex vivo experiments comparing animals with and without epilepsy and despite the use of carbamazepine. Our results suggest that, in isolation, carbamazepine may not be a potential risk factor for sudden unexpected death in epilepsy.

scholarly journals Pleurodesis Induction in Rats by Copaiba (Copaifera multijugaHayne) Oil

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Fernando Luiz Westphal ◽  
Mauro Canzian ◽  
Fabio Alessandro Pieri ◽  
Alfredo Coimbra Reichl ◽  
Paulo Manuel Pêgo-Fernandes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Silver Nitrate ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Saline Solution ◽  
Pleural Cavity ◽  
Nitrate Group ◽  
Copaiba Oil ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Pulmonary Parenchyma ◽  
The Right ◽  
Alveolar Edema

This study aims to assess and compare copaiba oleoresin ofCopaifera multijugaand 0.5% silver nitrate for the induction of pleurodesis in an experimental model. Ninety-six male Wistar rats were divided into three groups: control (0.9% saline solution), copaiba (copaiba oil), and silver nitrate (0.5% silver nitrate). The substances were injected into the right pleural cavity and the alterations were observed macroscopically and microscopically at 24, 48, 72, and 504 h. The value of macroscopic alterations grade and acute inflammatory reaction grade means was higher in the 24 h copaiba group in relation to silver nitrate. Fibrosis and neovascularization means in the visceral pleura were higher in 504 h copaiba group in relation to the silver nitrate group. The grade of the alveolar edema mean was higher in the silver nitrate group in relation to the copaiba group, in which this alteration was not observed. The presence of bronchopneumonia was higher in the 24 h silver nitrate group (n = 4) in relation to the copaiba group (n = 0). In conclusion, both groups promoted pleurodesis, with better results in copaiba group and the silver nitrate group presented greater aggression to the pulmonary parenchyma.

scholarly journals Effect of postictal process in motor deficit and monoaminergic concentration in hippocampus, cerebellum, and cortex

Salud Mental ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 42 (5) ◽  
pp. 251-256
Author(s):  
Alberto Avila-Luna ◽  
Antonio Bueno-Nava ◽  
José Luis Cortes-Altamirano ◽  
Samuel Reyes-Long ◽  
Cindy Bandala ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Saline Solution ◽  
Motor Behavior ◽  
Brain Structures ◽  
Motor Deficit ◽  
Motor Deficits ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Neurochemical Changes ◽  
Experimental Group

Introduction. Systemic administration of pentylenetetrazole (PTZ) causes brain damage (BD), and triggers a series of morphological and neurochemical changes, which in turn bring about behavioral, cognitive, and motor deficits. Serotonin (5-HT), dopamine (DA), and noradrenaline (NA) levels are controlled by various brain structures and these levels are related to motor activity; however, the concentration of these neurotransmitters during the postictal process remains unknown. Objective. We investigated the concentration of 5-HT, NA and DA in the hippocampus, cerebellum, and cortex on motor deficit during the postictal stage. Method. Eighteen male Wistar rats (300 g) assigned to two groups: control (n = 9, saline solution) and experimental (n = 9, PTZ) were used. Myoclonic shakes were counted and motor behavior assessments were recorded during three hours post PTZ injection (90 mg/kg). The cortex, cerebellum, and hippocampus of each rat were dissected to determine the 5-HT, DA, and NA concentration by high performance liquid chromatography. Results. PTZ induced a significant increase in total 5-HT and DA levels in the hippocampus and cortex; in the cerebellum there was a significant increase in the concentration of 5-HT and NA. The presence of myoclonic shakes as well as a marked motor deficit in the experimental group were significantly different in comparison to the control. Discussion and conclusion. 5-HT modifies the concentration of other monoamines directly involved in motor aspects such as NA and DA in the hippocampus, cerebellum, and cortex during the postictal process.

Abstract P277: β-arrestin-2-mediated Vasodilatation In Mouse Mesenteric Arteries

Hypertension ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 78 (Suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Victor M Pulgar ◽  
Krisztian Toth
Keyword(s):  
Vascular Function ◽  
Isometric Force ◽  
Mesenteric Arteries ◽  
Maximal Response ◽  
Lower Sensitivity ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Resistance Arteries ◽  
Response Curves ◽  
Vascular Dilatation

As part of GPCRs-dependent signaling, β -arrestin-2 has been shown to stimulate eNOS activity and thus has the potential to modulate vascular function. We hypothesized that the absence of β -arrestin-2 would alter vascular dilatation and contraction in resistance arteries. We tested acetylcholine (ACh)-dependent relaxation and phenylephrine (PE)-dependent contraction in mouse mesenteric arteries isolated from 3-mo old male C57Bl6 (WT, n=5) and β -arrestin-2 KO ( βarr2 -/- , n=5) mice. Segments were mounted in a Wire Myograph (DMT) for determination of isometric force; vessels studied included intact, without endothelium, or pre-incubated with L-NAME (10 -4 M). Dose-response curves were performed for ACh (10 -10 -10 -4.5 M) and PE (10 -10 -10 -4.5 M). Data were acquired using a PowerLab (ADInstruments) system. Maximal response to ACh (ACh MAX ) was expressed as maximal relaxation after pre-constriction, maximal response to PE (PE MAX ) as % of contraction to 75mM KCl (%K MAX ), and sensitivity as pD 2 (-Log[EC 50 ]). Data were analyzed using Prism (GraphPad). After pre-constriction (PE, 3x10 -6 M), arteries from βarr2 -/- mice presented similar ACh MAX (79±6 vs. 82±6, p>0.05) and lower sensitivity to ACh compared to WT (6.66±0.2 vs. 7.12±0.1, p<0.05). The sensitivity of the contraction to PE was increased in βarr2 -/- arteries (6.4±0.2 vs. 6.04±0.1, p<0.05), with no changes in PE MAX . Differences in vasodilation and contraction were abolished in arteries without endothelium and in arteries pre-incubated with L-NAME. We conclude that the absence of β -arrestin-2 induces a pro-contractile phenotype in an endothelium- and nitric oxide-dependent manner in mouse resistance arteries.

Alteration of perivascular adipose tissue function in angiotensin II-induced hypertension

2009 ◽  
Vol 87 (11) ◽  
pp. 944-953 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert M.K.W. Lee ◽  
Lili Ding ◽  
Chao Lu ◽  
Li-Ying Su ◽  
Yu-Jing Gao
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Angiotensin Ii ◽  
Vascular Function ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Mesenteric Arteries ◽  
Resistance Arteries ◽  
Hypertensive Rats ◽  
Perivascular Adipose Tissue ◽  
And Control

We studied the role of perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) in the control of vascular function in an in vivo experimental model of hypertension produced by angiotensin II infusion by osmotic minipump in adult male Wistar rats. Two weeks after infusion with angiotensin II, blood pressure in treated rats was significantly elevated but heart rate was reduced compared with control rats infused with physiological saline. Contraction of aorta from the 2 groups of rats in response to phenylephrine or serotonin was significantly attenuated by the presence of PVAT in both the presence and absence of endothelium. This attenuation effect on contraction to phenylephrine was higher, however, in vessels from control rats than in vessels from hypertensive rats in the absence of endothelium. In the mesenteric resistance arteries, lumen diameter was larger in both hypertensive and control vessels with intact PVAT than in vessels with PVAT removed. The medial wall was thicker in arteries from hypertensive rats. The presence of PVAT potentiated the contraction induced by KCl in mesenteric arteries from control rats, but not in hypertensive rats. PVAT also attenuated the contraction of mesenteric arteries in response to phenylephrine or serotonin in both hypertensive and control groups. Mesenteric arteries from hypertensive rats were more responsive to stimulation by serotonin than those from control rats. We conclude that the increased blood pressure of Wistar rats that occurred after infusion with angiotensin II was associated with changes in the functions of PVAT in the aorta and mesenteric arteries and in the structure and function of resistance arteries.

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