scholarly journals EFFECT OF SPENT MUSHROOM SUBSTRATE ON THE GROWTH AND YIELD OF THREE CULTIVARS OF MUSKMELONS (Cucumis melo)

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 276-286
Author(s):  
Thi Oanh Nguyen ◽  
◽  
Thi Diem Nguyen ◽  
Hai Thi Hong Truong ◽  
Thi Thu Hang La ◽  
...  

Muskmelons are currently grown in several areas of Vietnam for domestic and international consumer markets. The fruit grows well in greenhouses in soil or soilless substrate such as coconut peat. Researchers in Vietnam are investigating the growth of muskmelons in a range of organic by-products. In this study, spent mushroom substrate was recycled for use as an organic substrate and to evaluate the growth, quality, and yield of three muskmelon varieties including RZ F1, PN 128, and TL3 in greenhouses over three months. The substrate was incubated for one month before use and contained 45% spent mushroom substrate, 30% manure, 7.7% rice husks, 1.5% phosphorus, 0.2% commercial Trichoderma (Tribac), 0.1% rice bran, 15% sand, and 0.5% micronutrients and water. Following incubation, the substrate had optimal pH for the growth of muskmelon and the concentration of nutrients and beneficial microorganisms had increased significantly. The growth of RZ F1 and TL3 cultivars was significantly better than PN 128 in terms of growth, fruit quality, and yield. Specifically, RZ F1 and TL3 species took 78 days and 75 days to complete their life cycle produced 1.76 kg and 1.62 kg of fruit, had a pericarp thickness of 4.0 cm, and possessed 14.20o Brix and 14.88o Brix of soluble solid content, respectively. These findings suggest that agricultural by-products, such as spent mushroom substrate, could be a valuable resource for the culture of muskmelons in Vietnam.

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (7) ◽  
pp. 649-657 ◽  
Author(s):  
Li Li ◽  
Jiemin Li ◽  
Jian Sun ◽  
Ping Yi ◽  
Changbao Li ◽  
...  

Background: Phospholipase D (PLD)is closely related to browning and senescence of postharvest longan fruit. Objective: This study investigated the effects of 2-butanol (a PLD inhibitor) on the expression and regulation of PLD during storage of longan fruit at a low temperature. Methods: Senescence-related quality indices showed that the 2-butanol-treated fruit presented lower pericarp browning index, pulp breakdown index and total soluble solid value than the untreated fruit. Results: The fruit treated by 60 µL/L 2-butanol exhibited the strongest inhibition on senescence, which significantly delayed changes in weight, titratable acidity content, total soluble solid content and ascorbic acid content. This treatment maintained a high level of total phenolic content and caused significant inhibition on pericarp browning and pulp breakdown. Through ELISA method, 60 µL/L 2-butanol treatment also reduced PLD activity. Real-time RT-PCR (RT-qPCR) results showed that PLD mRNA expression level was inhibited by 60 µL/L 2-butanol within 15 days. Western-blotting results further confirmed the differential expression of PLD during storage, and a relatively higher expression for PLD protein was found in control compared to the 2-butanoltreated fruit during 15-d storage. Conclusion: These results provided a scientific basis and reference to further investigating postharvest longan quality maintenance by regulating the PLD gene expression.


Foods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 449
Author(s):  
Camilo Gutiérrez-Jara ◽  
Cristina Bilbao-Sainz ◽  
Tara McHugh ◽  
Bor-Sen Chiou ◽  
Tina Williams ◽  
...  

The cracking of sweet cherries causes significant crop losses. Sweet cherries (cv. Bing) were coated by electro-spraying with an edible nanoemulsion (NE) of alginate and soybean oil with or without a CaCl2 cross-linker to reduce cracking. Coated sweet cherries were stored at 4 °C for 28 d. The barrier and fruit quality properties and nutritional values of the coated cherries were evaluated and compared with those of uncoated sweet cherries. Sweet cherries coated with NE + CaCl2 increased cracking tolerance by 53% and increased firmness. However, coated sweet cherries exhibited a 10% increase in water loss after 28 d due to decreased resistance to water vapor transfer. Coated sweet cherries showed a higher soluble solid content, titratable acidity, antioxidant capacity, and total soluble phenolic content compared with uncoated sweet cherries. Therefore, the use of the NE + CaCl2 coating on sweet cherries can help reduce cracking and maintain their postharvest quality.


2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 203 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luigi Morra ◽  
Maurizio Bilotto ◽  
Domenico Cerrato ◽  
Raffaella Coppola ◽  
Vincenzo Leone ◽  
...  

Two trials in different agricultural farms were carried out from October 2014 to June 2015 with the aim to assess the advantages linked to the substitution of the low density polyethylene (LDPE) films for soil mulching with the Mater-Bi<sup>®</sup> biodegradable films in the strawberry cultivation under tunnel in Campania. Lifetime of biodegradable mulch and influence of type of mulch on the yield and the quality of cvs Sabrina and Fortuna were evaluated. Plants were cultivated on mulched, raised beds, high 40 cm from bottom soil. Mater-Bi<sup>®</sup> film was 20 <span>µ</span>m thick while LDPE film was 50 mm thick. The physical-chemical parameters (firmness, pH, total soluble solid content, titratable acidity and skin colour) and some bioactive compounds (total polyphenols, flavonoids, anthocyanins, antioxidant activity) of fruits were determined by three samplings effected in consecutive months (from March to May 2015) of the harvest cycle. Biodegradable film guaranteed an effective mulch along the whole strawberry cycle (9-10 months including the time of drawing up of film). Yields of cv Sabrina on LDPE was 18% higher than those on Mater-Bi<sup>®</sup> while the opposite was detected in cv Fortuna (+10%). The physical-chemical parameters of fruits were not modified by the mulches. The content of the bioactive compounds, instead, resulted, in each time of sampling, significantly higher in fruits picked on Mater-Bi<sup>®</sup> based film.


2020 ◽  
Vol 115 (2) ◽  
pp. 297
Author(s):  
Seda TUNÇAY ÇAĞATAY ◽  
Gülşah ÇALIK KOÇ ◽  
Fereshteh REZAEİ ◽  
Özlem DARCANSOY İŞERI ◽  
Feride İffet ŞAHIN ◽  
...  

<p>This study aimed to investigate the effects of grafting tomato on different tobacco rootstocks on quality factors and nicotine content. The commercial variety (Solanum lycopersicum ‘H2274’) (BIOTECH) of the tomato was used as the scion plant, and six different tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) rootstocks were used: Taşova, Tekel, Muş, Samsun, Dişbudak, Hasankeyf cultivars. Cleft grafting method was used in all plants. Yield of non-grafted and grafted plants grown in open-field conditions was calculated, and there was a significant increase in yield in grafted tomatoes compared to non-grafted tomatoes. There was significantly increased lycopene and β-carotene levels (mg kg-1), especially in ‘Tekel’, ‘Taşova’, ‘Samsun’, and ‘Hasankeyf’ tobacco grafts. There was a statistically significant difference between grafted and non-grafted plants according to 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical retention capacities and total phenol (TP) values. Evaluation of quality determinants including pH values, titratable acidity values (citric acid %), soluble solid content (SSC)(oBrix) , fruit size ratios, showed that tomatoes grafted with ‘Muş’ tobacco rootstock were of higher quality. There was no significant difference between grafted and non-grafted plants according to nicotine analysis of the tobacco-grafted tomatoes, and due to acceptable ranges of nicotin level on tobacco grafted tomato plants were considered to be suitable for consumption. It could be concluded that grafting practices have significantly positive effects on tomato yield and quality.<br /><br /></p>


Author(s):  
Kamile Ulukapı ◽  
Zehra Kurt ◽  
Sevinc Sener

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), which are beneficial soil organisms, have an important role in the uptake of plant nutrients by roots and thus help to healthy plant growth. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of AMF inoculation on the development of water-deficiency applied pepper plants. In this study, Tesla F1 pepper cultivars, Glomus etunicatum inoculated and without Glomus etunicatum, were exposed to four different irrigation regimes (25I, 50I, 75I, 100I). At the end of the experiment these plants were compared in terms of some vegetative and fruit properties. For this purpose, at the end of the trial; shoot length (cm), root length (cm), root spread (cm), number of leaves, leaf width and length (mm), stem diameter (mm), fruit width (mm), fruit length (mm), root and shoot weights (g), fruit pH, total soluble solid content and chlorophyll index were measured. P (phosphorus) and K (potassium) contents of leaves samples taken from plants were determined. As a result, it was determined that 75I irrigation regime gave the best results in terms of both plant growth and fruit properties in all mycorrhizal and non-mycorrhizal plants. It was also concluded that 75% irrigation level is sufficient for plant growth.


Irriga ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 549-561
Author(s):  
RAFAEL RAMOS MORAIS ◽  
JOÃO PAULO SILVA MACÊDO ◽  
LOURIVAL FERREIRA CAVALCANTE ◽  
JACKSON TEIXEIRA LOBO ◽  
ANTÔNIO GUSTAVO LUNA SOUTO ◽  
...  

ARRANJO ESPACIAL E PODA NA PRODUÇÃO E QUALIDADE QUÍMICA DE MARACUJÁ IRRIGADO COM ÁGUA SALINA     RAFAEL RAMOS MORAIS1; JOÃO PAULO SILVA MACÊDO2; LOURIVAL FERREIRA CAVALCANTE3; JACKSON TEIXEIRA LOBO1; ANTÔNIO GUSTAVO LUNA SOUTO1 E EVANDRO FRANKLIN MESQUITA4   1 Programa de pós-graduação em Agronomia, Departamento de Fitotecnia e Ciências Ambientais do Centro de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, Rodovia PB 079, SN, Km 12, 58.397-000, Areia, Paraíba, Brasil, [email protected]; [email protected], [email protected]. 2 Empresa Paraibana de Pesquisa, Extensão Rural e Regularização Fundiária, Rodovia BR 230, S/N, Km 13, Morada Nova, 58.108-502, Cabedelo, Paraíba, Brasil, [email protected]. 3 Professor do Departamento de Solos e Engenharia Rural, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, Rodovia PB 079, S/N, Km 12, 58.397-000, Areia, Paraíba, Brasil, [email protected]. 4 Professor do Centro de Ciências Humanas e Agrárias, Universidade Estadual da Paraíba, Sitio Cajueiro, S/N, Zona Rural, 58.884-000, Catolé do Rocha, Paraíba, Brasil, [email protected].     1 RESUMO   Um experimento foi desenvolvido no município de Coronel Ezequiel, Estado do Rio Grande do Norte, Brasil, para avaliar os efeitos da densidade de plantio e poda da haste principal em plantas de maracujazeiro amarelo, acesso Guinezinho, sob irrigação com água salina de 3,4 dS m-1. Os tratamentos, com distância de 2,0 m entre linhas, foram distribuídos em blocos ao acaso, com quatro repetições de 12 plantas por parcela, em esquema fatorial 4 × 2, correspondente as distâncias de 3, 6, 9 e 12 m entre plantas nas linhas com e sem poda da haste principal, ao atingir o sistema de sustentação. Os componentes avaliados foram número de frutos colhidos, produção por planta, produtividade e na polpa dos frutos, os valores de sólidos solúveis, acidez titulável, pH e a relação sólidos solúveis/ acidez titulável. A interação entre os fatores estudados exerceu efeitos significativos no número de frutos colhidos, produção por planta, teor de sólidos solúveis e acidez titulável. A produtividade foi influenciada pelos dois fatores de forma isolada. O pH da polpa respondeu apenas ao espaçamento entre plantas nas linhas e a relação SS/AT não foi influenciada por nenhuma das fontes de variação estudadas. O aumento das distâncias de plantio nas linhas promove ganho de produção por planta, mas reduz a produtividade. Plantas podadas na haste principal apresentam maior produtividade. A irrigação com água de qualidade restritiva à agricultura não inibiu a capacidade produtiva do maracujazeiro amarelo acesso Guinezinho e não prejudicou a qualidade química dos frutos.   Palavras-chave: acesso Guinezinho, densidade de plantio, Passiflora edulis Sims.     MORAIS, R. R.; MACÊDO, J. P. S.; CAVALCANTE, L. F.; LOBO, J. T.; SOUTO, A. G. L.; MESQUITA, E. F. SPATIAL ARRANGEMENT AND PRUNING IN THE PRODUCTION AND CHEMICAL QUALITY OF YELLOW PASSIONFRUIT IRRIGATED WITH SALINE WATER       2 ABSTRACT   An experiment was carried out in  Coronel Ezequiel municipality, Rio Grande do Norte State, Brazil, to evaluate the effects of planting density and pruning of the main stem on yellow passion fruit plants access Guinezinho under irrigation with saline water (3.4 dS m-1). The treatments, with inter-row distance of 2 m, were distributed in randomized blocks, with four replications of 12 plants per plot, in a 4 × 2 factorial scheme, corresponding to intra-row distances of 3, 6, 9 and 12 m for plants with and without pruned main stem, upon reaching the support system. The evaluated components were number of fruit harvested, production per plant, fruit yield and in the fruit pulp, the analyzed components were soluble solid content, titratable acidity, pH and soluble solid content/ titratable acidity ratio. The interaction between the factors studied significantly affected the number of fruit harvested, production per plant, solids content and titratable acidity. The fruit yield was influenced by the two isolated factors, but the pH of the pulp responded only to the intra-row plant spacing, and the solids content/ titratable acidity ratio was not influenced by any of the sources of variation studied. Increasing the distances intra-row raises the production per plant, but reduces fruit yield. Plants pruned on the main stem have higher fruit yield. Irrigation with restrictive water quality to agriculture did not inhibit the productive capacity of yellow passion fruit access Guinezinho and did not impair the chemical quality of the fruits.   Keywords: Guinezinho access, planting density, Passiflora edulis Sims.


Author(s):  
Kevin Nicolás Galvis-Arias ◽  
Luisa Daniela Hidrobo-Pedroza ◽  
María Cristina García-Muñoz ◽  
Oscar Andrés Mendieta-Menjura ◽  
Martha Patricia Tarazona-Díaz

Non-centrifugal cane sugar (NCS) is a natural sweetener with beneficial health properties. This is traditionally produced in an oven which has had technological variations. Therefore, the present study focuses on determining the effect that NCS processing technology has on its physicochemical properties. In this study, two contrasting technologies were selected: the first one corresponds to the traditional furnace, characterized by a flat combustion chamber and hemispherical pan. The second one corresponds to the furnace with a ward type combustion chamber and modified pan. The variety of sugarcane selected was RD 75-11. The physical and chemical parameters evaluated were hydrogen potential (pH), total acidity (TA), solid soluble content soluble (SSC), ash, minerals, reducing sugars, color, moisture content and heat capacity. The technology with ward- type combustion chamber and modified pan managed to concentrate the oBrix of syrup to NCS in a 36.03% unlike the traditional furnace (32.59%). The two technologies used allowed obtaining NCS with an average caloric value of 14684.9 J g-1 and soluble solid content of 90.1°Brix. It was found that the NCS is a source of minerals such as potassium (3.55 g kg -1), calcium (2.25 g kg -1) and phosphorus (0.3 g kg -1).


Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document