scholarly journals Response to mutation and variants of the SARS-CoV-2 gene

2021 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 77-78
Author(s):  
M.L. Edy Parwanto
Keyword(s):  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Task Force ◽  
Gene Mutations ◽  
British Government ◽  
News Reports ◽  
Corona Virus ◽  
New Variant ◽  
Circular Letter ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Uk

Since the COVID-19 pandemic, our society has come to understand that the cause is the Corona Virus (2019-nCoV) or more popularly known as the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2).  It has become a reality that as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, many people have died. We need to record new cases of COVID-19 in other countries, namely the UK and Germany at the end of 2020. This needs to be conveyed because both countries are showing high new cases of COVID-19. The high number of new cases of COVID-19 in the UK and Germany is thought to be related with gene mutation that resulted new strain of SARS-CoV-2. It has been reported in the UK on December 2020 that SARS-CoV-2 gene mutations resulted in a new variant called VUI-202012/01 (Variant Under Investigation, year 2020, month 12, variant 01). The British government implemented new lockdowns for England and Scotland to deal with the spread of the new VUI-202012/01 variant of SARS-CoV-2. Recent news reports that the Government of Germany is extending lockdowns on its territory until January 31th 2021. The policy regarding the prohibition of foreigners entering Indonesia in relation to the emergence of a new variant of the corona virus in the UK is regulated in the Indonesia COVID-19 Task Force Circular Letter No.4 2020. Temporary entry restriction for Foreigners to Indonesia 1-14 january 2021.  

scholarly journals Rhetorical uses of precise numbers and semi-magical round numbers in political discourse about COVID-19: Examples from the government of the United Kingdom

2021 ◽  
pp. 095792652110131
Author(s):  
Michael Billig
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
British Government ◽  
Political Incentives ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Round Numbers ◽  
Magical Power ◽  
Uk Government ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Uk ◽  
The 19Th Century

This paper examines how the British government has used statistics about COVID-19 for political ends. A distinction is made between precise and round numbers. Historically, using round numbers to estimate the spread of disease gave way in the 19th century to the sort precise, but not necessarily accurate, statistics that are now being used to record COVID-19. However, round numbers have continued to exert rhetorical, ‘semi-magical’ power by simultaneously conveying both quantity and quality. This is demonstrated in examples from the British government’s claims about COVID-19. The paper illustrates how senior members of the UK government use ‘good’ round numbers to frame their COVID-19 goals and to announce apparent achievements. These round numbers can provide political incentives to manipulate the production of precise number; again examples from the UK government are given.

The RUMA Alliance targets: an overview

Livestock ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 176-179
Author(s):  
Chris Lloyd
Keyword(s):  
Task Force ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Antibiotic Use ◽  
Codes Of Practice ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Ongoing Support ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Roll Out

The Responsible Use of Medicines in Agriculture Alliance (RUMA) was established to promote the highest standards of food safety, animal health and animal welfare in the British livestock industry. It has a current focus to deliver on the Government objective of identifying sector-specific targets for the reduction, refinement or replacement of antibiotics in animal agriculture. The creation and roll out of sector specific targets in 2017 through the RUMA Targets Task Force, has helped focus activity across the UK livestock sectors to achieve a 50% reduction in antibiotic use since 2014. This has been realised principally through voluntary multi-sector collaboration, cross sector initiatives, codes of practice, industry body support and farm assurance schemes. This article provides an overview of RUMA's work to date providing insight into the methods used to create the targets, why they are so important, the impact they are having and how ongoing support and robust data are vital components in achieving the latest set of targets.

scholarly journals Isolation and characterization of the new SARS-CoV-2 variant in travellers from the United Kingdom to India: VUI-202012/01 of the B.1.1.7 lineage

2021 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pragya D Yadav ◽  
Dimpal A Nyayanit ◽  
Rima R Sahay ◽  
Prasad Sarkale ◽  
Jayshri Pethani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United Kingdom ◽  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Surveillance System ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Isolation And Characterization ◽  
New Variant ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Local Transmission

We have isolated the new severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 variant of concern 202 012/01 from the positive coronavirus disease 2019 cases that travelled from the UK to India in the month of December 2020. This emphasizes the need for the strengthened surveillance system to limit the local transmission of this new variant.

scholarly journals Severe acute respiratory syndrome corona virus-2 among children in India: can the risk of outbreak be prevented during the subsequent waves of COVID-19 pandemic?

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. 1762
Author(s):  
Rajath Rao ◽  
Binod Kumar Pati ◽  
Srikanta Kanungo ◽  
Santosh Kumar Nirala ◽  
Bijaya Nanda Naik
Keyword(s):  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Health System ◽  
Nutrition Status ◽  
Third Wave ◽  
The Third ◽  
Health And Nutrition ◽  
Corona Virus ◽  
Younger Age ◽  
New Variant ◽  
Immunization Services

The COVID-19 pandemic believed to be originated from Wuhan, China has devastated the health and wealth of the entire world with multiple waves. An age shifting phenomenon towards younger age has been observed with SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome corona virus-2) with subsequent waves across the world including India. With vaccination being already in place for adults and elderly, younger especially children less than 18 years may be assumed to be susceptible to SARS-CoV-2 in the subsequent waves. However, few research suggests that children are less susceptible to SARS-CoV-2 due to immature sinuses in the nasopharynx and less number of ACE-2 receptors to which generally the SARS-CoV-2 attaches. On the other hand, poor health and nutrition status of the children, unreached target of immunization services, poor sanitation and fragile health system in India makes children more vulnerable to SARS-CoV-2. Children may get affected if new variant of virus emerges during the subsequent waves. So, we need to prepare to protect the children who if at all get affected during the third wave of COVID-19 by preventing infection among adult and elderly, strengthening the health system and immunizing the children. 

scholarly journals EKSISTENSI DAN REFORMASI HUKUM KELURGA ISLAM DI INGGRIS

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 154-173
Author(s):  
Mutmainnah ◽  
Rahmawati
Keyword(s):  
Islamic Law ◽  
Family Law ◽  
British Government ◽  
Legal Rules ◽  
Legal Case ◽  
Muslim Minority ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Muslim Minorities ◽  
First Time

this paper discusses the existence of family law in the UK which began to be looked at by the government since 2018, with a legal case experienced by one of the immigrants, the British government for the first time recognized the existence of Islamic law. Although the majority of Islamic law in force is still subject to the existing positive legal rules, but this is a special thanksgiving for the Muslim minority in Britain, because since 1970 they want to apply Islamic law to themselves in the country but have always been rejected by the British government, along with increasing their population, it is not impossible to see Britain as a moderate country in this regard. appeal case filed in February 2020 by one of the immigrants related to the problem of his family made Britain begin to pay attention to Muslim minorities, there are even researchers who concluded specifically the English marriage law it is time for reform to cover all the needs of its people

scholarly journals REVIEW OF THE EVALUATION OF COMMUNITY SERVICE ACTIVITIES BY IMMIGRATION POLYTECHNIC CADETS FOR THE PURPOSE OF VACCINATING IN TANGERANG CITY

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-69
Author(s):  
Muhammad Mahafada Esa Putra Tugiyono ◽  
Rita Kusuma Astuti
Keyword(s):  
Community Service ◽  
Positive Response ◽  
Task Force ◽  
Herd Immunity ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Vaccination Program ◽  
City Area ◽  
Corona Virus ◽  
Service Activities ◽  
The Government

The purpose of the vaccination program organized by the government is to reduce the possibility of transmission of the Corona virus. If given in bulk, the Covid-19 vaccine can encourage the formation of herd immunity in society. So, people with vulnerable ages such as the elderly and infants or people with autoimmunity and people who can't get vaccinated can still get protection from those around them. Community Service Activities by Immigration Polytechnic Cadets in the context of Vaccination in the Tangerang City area received a positive response in the form of appreciation and thanks delivered directly by the Covid-19 Task Force. It is hoped that this activity is a form of concern and involvement in supporting the government's program to suppress the spread of Covid-19 in Indonesia so that herd immunity can be formed and the pandemic can be ended immediately.

Pyramid or Plate?

1994 ◽  
Vol 94 (4) ◽  
pp. 7-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paula Hunt ◽  
Mike Rayner ◽  
Sue Gatenby
Keyword(s):  
Task Force ◽  
Food Selection ◽  
The Public ◽  
Department Of Health ◽  
The Government ◽  
Education Authority ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Nutrition Educators ◽  
Priority Project ◽  
Funded Research Project

A National Food Guide (NFG) for the UK will enable all nutrition educators to use the same vehicle for conveying food and health messages. The public will, thus, receive a consistent message, visually reinforced through a variety of channels. The development of a NFG for the UK is a priority project for the Government′s Nutrition Task Force and is a tripartite project between the Department of Health (DoH), Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food (MAFF) and the Health Education Authority (HEA). Discusses the main aim of the HEA funded research project (Stage III): to assess actual consumer understanding and recall of information contained within the guide (as opposed to stated preferences) when the information was presented in different ways. The research experimentally tested the pyramid and plate formats of a food selection guide with a sample of 2,000 consumers in the UK. Presents the research design and methodology; results will appear in a later issue. It is planned to launch the final NFG in summer 1994.

scholarly journals Perception versus reality: Iranian banks and international anti-money laundering expectations

2020 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Vahid Molla Imeny ◽  
Simon D. Norton ◽  
Mahdi Salehi ◽  
Mahdi Moradi
Keyword(s):  
Risk Management ◽  
Money Laundering ◽  
Task Force ◽  
The United States ◽  
International Standards ◽  
Accounting Firms ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Government ◽  
Domestic Banks ◽  
The Uk

Purpose Iran has been ranked by the Basel Committee on Banking Supervision and the Financial Action Task Force (FATF) as one of the foremost countries in the world for money laundering. However, Iranian banks claim that they comply with international standards for reporting suspicious activity, risk management and training. This paper aims to investigate this dichotomy between perception and reality. Design/methodology/approach A Wolfsberg-style questionnaire was sent to partners in Iranian accounting firms, which have audited domestic banks over the past five years to investigate the adequacy of risk management systems. Findings Most Iranian banks have anti-money laundering (AML) systems, which compare favourably with those of international counterparties. Banks take a risk-based approach to potential criminal behaviour. The negative perception of Iranian banks is principally attributable to the government’s unwillingness to accede to “touchstone” international conventions. In spite of having in place AML laws, which are comparable in intent with those of the UK and the United States of America (USA), weak enforcement remains a significant impediment of which the political establishment is aware. Practical implications Measures required to bring Iranian banks into compliance with international standards may be less extensive than perceptions suggest. However, failure of the government to accede to conventions stipulated by the FATF means that banks may remain ostracised by foreign counterparties for the foreseeable future. Originality/value This study provides a unique insight into the extent of AML compliance in Iranian banks as verified by external auditors.

The Classification of Local Authorities in the UK Inner Urban Areas Act 1978

1980 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 703-712 ◽  
Author(s):  
C G Bentham
Keyword(s):  
Discriminant Analysis ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Financial Support ◽  
Population Change ◽  
The Other ◽  
British Government ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Different Levels

In the Inner Urban Areas Act (1978), the British government has classified urban areas into three groups each of which will benefit from markedly different levels of financial support. By the use of the indicators said to form the basis of the classification, discriminant analysis is carried out to evaluate the validity of the groupings. Only the rate of population change is found to discriminate strongly between the groups, whereas most of the other variables contribute little to the discriminant function. Overall the groups are found to be not very distinct with strong indications that several areas are not appropriately classified. Doubts are therefore raised about the validity of the classification produced by the government.

scholarly journals Az epidemiológiai surveillance és járványmatematikai előrejelzések szerepe a pandémiás hullámok megelőzésében, mérséklésében – hol tartunk most, és hová kellene eljutni

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 38-53
Author(s):  
Beatrix Oroszi ◽  
J. Krisztina Horváth ◽  
Gergő Túri ◽  
Katalin Krisztalovics ◽  
Gergely Röst
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Mathematical Modelling ◽  
Hospital Admissions ◽  
Task Force ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Epidemiological Surveillance ◽  
Unified Framework ◽  
New Variant ◽  
The Government ◽  
Second Wave

Összefoglaló. A Járványmatematikai és Epidemiológiai Projekt egy egyedülálló kezdeményezés Magyarországon, mely jelentős tudást és tapasztalatot halmozott fel a COVID–19 világjárvány során. Jelen tanulmány a pandémia 2. hullámának példáján keresztül áttekinti, hogy miként működött a járványügyi észlelés és monitorozás rendszere, hogyan, milyen eredményekkel végezték a projekt munkatársai a helyzet- és kockázatértékelést, az előrejelzések készítését, végül javaslatokat fogalmaz meg a surveillance- és előrejelző rendszer fejlesztésére a járványügyi biztonság növelése érdekében. A 2. járványhullám 2020. június 22. és 2021. január 24. között zajlott Magyarországon, melynek során a megerősített COVID–19 esetek száma 356 197 fő volt, ami az első hullámban regisztrált esetszám 87-szerese. Összesen 12 226 megerősített COVID–19 halálesetet regisztráltak, az első hullámban jelentett szám 21-szeresét. Az országos R érték először 2020 augusztusában emelkedett 1,0 fölé. Mintegy 3 héttel azután, hogy az R érték augusztus utolsó hetében tartósan 1,0 fölé emelkedett, a halálos kimenetelű COVID–19 esetszámok növekedése is elindult, mivel a fiatalokról a járvány az idősebb korosztályokra is átterjedt. Mindezt a matematikai modellezési eredmények hetekkel korábban jelezték. November elején az előrejelzés 12 000 fő feletti kórházi ápoltat vetített előre a karácsonyi időszakra, melynek elkerülésére kormányzati intézkedéscsomag készült. A 2020. november 11-i szigorítás a járványt az eredeti pályáról eltérítette, így a kórházban kezeltek száma a 2. hullámban az előrejelzésnek megfelelően 8018 főnél elérte a csúcsot, majd csökkenni kezdett. Január elején a modellezés azt mutatta, hogy a lecsengő szakaszban, az akkori intézkedések mellett is képes az időközben hazánkban is megjelent új variáns, a gyorsabban terjedő SARS-CoV-2 B.1.1.7, járványügyi fordulatot hozni, ami szintén megvalósult. Összességében az epidemiológiai helyzetértékelés és matematikai modellezés képes volt a második hullám minden fő aspektusát időben és jól megragadni, a veszélyes folyamatokat előre jelezni és ezzel lehetőséget adni a gyors reagálásra. A 2. hullám tapasztalatai megmutatták, hogy a járványmatematikai és epidemiológiai képességek milyen hozzáadott értékkel bírnak a döntéstámogatásban. Az észlelési és előrejelzési rendszereink megerősítése és a matematikai modellezéssel egységes keretrendszerben történő továbbfejlesztése további lehetőségeket nyithat meg az észlelés, megelőzés, egészségügyi és gazdasági károk elhárítása érdekében szükséges döntési folyamatok bizonyítékalapú támogatásában, és az ország járványügyi biztonságának növelésében. Summary. The Mathematical Modelling and Epidemiology Task Force is a unique initiative in Hungary that has accumulated significant knowledge and experience during the COVID-19 pandemic. Using the example of the second wave of the pandemic, the present study reviews how the epidemiological surveillance and monitoring system operated, how the task force carried out the situation and risk assessments as well as forecasting, and finally, makes suggestions for improving the surveillance and forecasting system to increase health security. The second wave of the pandemic lasted between 22 June 2020 and 24 January 2021 in Hungary. The number of confirmed COVID-19 cases was 356,197,87 times the number of cases registered in the first wave. A total of 12,226 confirmed COVID-19 deaths were recorded, 21 times the number reported in the first wave. The reproduction number first exceeded 1.0 shortly in early August 2020. About three weeks after the R-value remained consistently above 1.0 in the last week of August, the number of fatal COVID-19 cases started to increase as the epidemic spread from the young to the older age groups. All of this was predicted by mathematical modelling results weeks earlier. In early November, the forecast projected more than 12,000 hospitalized patients for the Christmas period, so the government introduced new measures to prevent this surge. The restrictions, implemented on 11 November 2020, diverted the epidemic from its original trajectory, so the number of hospital admissions in the second wave peaked at 8,018, as projected, and then began to decline. In January, SARS-CoV-2 B.1.1.7 was detected in Hungary. Modelling showed in early January, that even in the declining phase, and with the measures being in place, this new variant was able to change the epidemiological trend. This was in fact observed on 24 January, when the epidemic curve started to increase again. Overall, epidemiological situation assessment and mathematical modelling were able to capture all significant aspects of the second wave in a timely manner and precisely, predicting the possible dangerous changes in the situation, and thus providing opportunity for rapid response. The experience of the second wave has shown the added value of integrating comprehensive epidemiological analysis and mathematical modelling into decision making. Strengthening our epidemiological intelligence and forecasting systems, and further enhancing them in a unified framework can open up further opportunities to provide evidence-based support for decision-making processes.

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