scholarly journals Effect of Thyroxin Induction on Enzymatic and Biochemical Levels in Albino Rats

2014 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
pp. 91-99
Author(s):  
Jayashree V. Hanchinalmath ◽  
Kirankumar Shivasharanappa ◽  
T.S. Roopa ◽  
Y. Saisundeep
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Citric Acid ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Acid Level ◽  
Creatine Phosphokinase ◽  
Amylase Activity ◽  
Cellular Level ◽  
The Other ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Liver And Kidney

The albino Wistar rats were used to investigate the effect of thyroxine administration on the activity of citric acid, α-Amylase, creatine phosphokinase (CPK), creatinine, cholesterol and triglycerides level in blood serum and citric acid in liver and kidney. Two groups of rats were taken for the experiment. One group was injected subcutaneously with 200 μl of thyroxine/50 g of body weight, the other group served as control. The animals were vivisected with anesthesia after intervals of 24, 48, 72 and 96 hours α-Amylase and CPK levels in blood; citric acid level in liver and kidney of control and thyroxine treated rats. The results showed that the α-Amylase activity remained unaltered (100 g/h/l) throughout the experiment. However, citric acid level found to be 460 mg in the liver and 415 mg in kidney of control rats. The values slightly increased to 480 and 680 mg in respective tissues of thyroxine treated animals for 24 hr. The values decreased in 48 and 72 hours of treatment. Further the values found to be increased after 96 hours of treatment. Although the thyroxine treatment altered citric acid, Creatinine, Cholesterol, Triglycerides and CPK levels in the tissues, the serum α-Amylase was not influenced by the thyroxine. The study suggests that the thyroxine acts as a regulator all the above parameters in the cellular level.

Oxidative processes in hypervitaminosis A in albino rats

1959 ◽  
Vol 196 (6) ◽  
pp. 1274-1276 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amal Ray ◽  
D. P. Sadhu
Keyword(s):  
Methylene Blue ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Liver Homogenate ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Hypervitaminosis A ◽  
Succinate Dehydrogenase Activity ◽  
Liver And Kidney ◽  
Oxidative Processes ◽  
Similar Pair

Albino rats were made hypervitaminotic A by feeding 30,000 iu of vitamin A daily by mouth; the effect of this hypervitaminosis was compared with a similar pair-fed group. Food consumption and body weight gain were reduced. Study of liver and kidney slices shows that the latter manifest no significant increase in oxygen consumption in presence of succinate or acetate. There is slight increase in O2 consumption in brain homogenates. Liver homogenate shows 15.2% inhibition with succinate and 5.6% with ascorbate oxidation. Liver homogenate shows 19.3% inhibition of succinate dehydrogenase activity by Thunberg technique with methylene blue indicator. It is concluded that hypervitaminosis A inhibits liver respiration by affecting the dehydrogenase, or any immediate step following it, and the cytochrome c-cytochrome oxidase end of the succinoxidase system is little affected.

Male reproductive characteristics of sheep in the Indian arid zone

1981 ◽  
Vol 97 (2) ◽  
pp. 313-318
Author(s):  
J. P. Mittal ◽  
P. K. Ghosh
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Reaction Time ◽  
Citric Acid ◽  
Sexual Behaviour ◽  
Semen Quality ◽  
Arid Zone ◽  
Physical Characteristics ◽  
The Other ◽  
Indian Desert ◽  
Arid Conditions

SummaryThe influence of various factors like breed, season, level of nutrition, age and body weight was studied in indigenous (Marwari and Magra) and exotic (Corriedale) rams in respect of semen quality and sexual behaviour under the arid conditions of Jodhpur in the Indian desert. None of these factors except breed and level of nutrition affected semen quality. The breeds differed significantly only in respect of percentage abnormal sperms. The values for all the physical characteristics except sperm concentrations wore slightly lower in the Corriedale. Supplementary concentrate feeding resulted in significantly higher concentrations only of fructose and citric acid in the semen. The physical characteristics of the semen were only slightly superior in the feed-supplemented group of animals. The breeds differed significantly in respect of libido characteristics, with the Corriedale exhibiting the longest reaction time and the lowest number of matings in 30 min. These characteristics were, however, not affected by the other factors mentioned above.

scholarly journals Hepatotoxic and Nephrotoxic Effect of Ethanol Leaf Extract of Scoparia Dulcis (Linn) in Wistar Rats

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 20-27
Author(s):  
Olubodun A. Adebiyi ◽  
Danladi A. Ameh ◽  
Elewechi Onyike ◽  
Dorcas B. James
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Hematological Parameters ◽  
Relative Weight ◽  
Animal Group ◽  
Scoparia Dulcis ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Liver And Kidney ◽  
G Ratio

Scoparia dulcis (Linn) is a widespread herbal medicine; it bears an enormous number of pharmacological activities. The present study was undertaken to find out the chronic toxicity profile of oral administration of Scoparia dulcis ethanol leaf extract (SDELE) on the liver and the kidney of wistar rats. The animals were grouped into four and administered varying doses of SDELE (100 mg/kg, 200 mg/kg, 400 mg/kg body weight and 0.2 ml distilled water respectively) for a period of fourteen weeks (100 days). The acute toxicity, body weight, relative organ weight, hematological parameters, biochemical markers for liver and kidney damage were monitored and histopathology of the liver and kidney of the rat were carried out. The LD50 of SDELE was found to be 1131 mg/kg body weight. There was a significant (p<0.05) reduction in weight of the rat administered 400 mg/kg and 200 mg/kg when compared with the control though there was no significant difference (p>0.05) in the relative weight of the organs. There was also a significant increase (p<0.05) in the lymphocytes, serum level of aspartate amino transferase (ASP), alanine amino transferase (ALT), alkali phosphatase (ALP), total protein, A/G ratio, creatinine, urea, uric acid, total cholesterol, triacylglycerol, low density lipoprotein cholesterol and potassium ions while there was a significant decrease in HDL-cholesterol and sodium ions in the animal group administered 400 mg/kg body weight of the extract. Histopathology of the liver and kidney revealed haemorrhage and vascular congestion at 200 mg/kg doses and renal damage at 400 mg/kg body weight doses respectively. However, there was no significant difference (p>0.05) in any of the parameters studied in the group administered 100 mg/kg body weight dose when compared with the controlled group. Ethanol leaf extracts of Scoparia dulcis showed hepatotoxic and nephrotoxic tendencies and should be used with caution especially when employed in the treatment of chronic diseases

scholarly journals The Green Bitter Weed (Hymenoxys odorato) Plant Extract Is Toxic to the Liver and Kidney of Wistar Rats

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Juma Ochieng ◽  
Isaac Echoru ◽  
Musa Ajibola Iyiola
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Complete Blood Count ◽  
Medical Personnel ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Snake Bites ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Liver And Kidney ◽  
High Doses

Background: Medicinal plants are of great importance to health of individual and communities. About 80% of the population in Uganda relies on traditional medicine because western-trained medical personnel are limited especially in villages. Most Ugandans use Hymenoxys odorato for medicinal purposes e.g. to treat colds, fever, coughs, anti-helminthes, locally used as tea, anti-allergy and also as an anti-venom to relieve snake bites. Method: A group of 25 male wistar rats of 150 g&ndash;210 g were kept for 14 days while being fed and treated with the extract. At 14th day, anesthesia was given and blood samples collected by cardiac puncture for hematological and biochemical investigations. Serum was analyzed for Alkaline Phosphatase, Aspartate Transaminase and Alanine Transaminase while whole blood was used for complete blood count. The liver and kidney were removed and placed in 10% formalin to prepare for histology staining using haematoxylin and eosin technique. Results: The extract elevated hepatic biomarker enzymes i.e. ALP, ALT and AST. The increase was found to be significantly different (P &gt; 0.05) at 400 and 500 mg/kg doses as compared to the control group. Histological sections of the liver showed distortion of liver cytoarchitecture, steatosis, necrosis of hepatocytes and congestion of the sinusoids at high doses 300, 400 and 500 mg/kg body weight. In the sections of the kidney, there was mild distortion of the integrity of the kidney with glomerular hypercellularity at high doses (400 and 500 mg/kg per body weight). Conclusion: Hymenoxys odorato aqueous extract has toxic effects on the liver and kidney of wistar rats. The effects were observed to be in a dose dependent manner.

scholarly journals Amelorative effect of olive oil against hepatorenal toxicity of cefotaxime in albino rats

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 96
Author(s):  
Ashraf A. A. Elkomy ◽  
Mossad G. E Elsayed ◽  
Faten I. El sayed ◽  
Ahmed A. Abd el atey
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Olive Oil ◽  
Kidney Tissue ◽  
Antioxidant Effect ◽  
Oxidative Status ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Total Protein Level ◽  
Liver And Kidney

Due to great hazard effects of antibiotic the following study aimed to investigate the adverse effect of cefotaxime in biochemical, oxidative status and histological examination of Liver and kidney tissue as well as the protective effect of olive oil. Twenty four male Wister albino rats were randomly divided into main four groups including: - G (1): Served as control group and it includes six rats, they were administrated 0.5ml of saline orally for 14 consecutive days. G (2): it includes six rats, they were administered 5ml/kg olive oil orally for 14 consecutive days. G (3): it includes six rats, they were administrated 90mg/kg body weight/twice daily of cefotaxime intramuscular for 14 consecutive days. G (4): it includes six rats, they were administered 5ml/kg olive oil orally concurrently with 90mg/kg body weight/twice daily of cefotaxime. Results revealed that cefotaxime induced significant increases in liver and kidney function parameters including AST, ALT, ALP. creatinine, and urea as well as decrease in albumin and total protein level. Moreover, marked an increase in malondialdehyde (MDA) and decreases in glutathione (GSH) and catalase (CAT) levels. that indicate oxidative stress levels expression in the hepatic and renal tissues following cefotaxime administration. On the beneficial side oral administration of olive oil at the dose 5ml/kg for 14 days significantly mitigate theses toxic effects. So it is concluded that olive oil has great hepatorenal antioxidant effect. 

scholarly journals Effect of Smokeless Tobacco Product, Afzal, on the Reproductive Hormones and Gonadal Pathology of Wistar Rats

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Nawal Al-Mukhaini ◽  
Taher Ba Omar ◽  
Elsadig Eltayeb ◽  
Aisha Al Khayat Al-Shehi ◽  
Jamila Al-Belushi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Smokeless Tobacco ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Reproductive Function ◽  
Tobacco Product ◽  
Reproductive Hormones ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Frequent Use ◽  
Smokeless Tobacco Product

Afzal is a common smokeless tobacco product (STP) in Oman, and it is believed to contain toxins that may affect the reproductive hormones and hence reproductive function. This study assessed the effect of  Afzal  on the gonads of Wistar rats.  In order to assess gonad toxicity induced by this STP, an aqueous extract of Afzal was added to drinking water to be administrated orally to Wistar albino rats (n = 72) classified as young (4 weeks old) and adult (20 weeks old) of both genders weighing between 60-80 g and 150-240 g respectively for 8 weeks. The rats were divided into 3 groups; control (received distilled water instead of Afzal extract), low-dose (received 3 mg nicotine/kg body weight/day) and high-dose (received 6 mg nicotine/kg body weight/day). At the termination of the study, the rats were euthanized and their blood samples and ovaries were collected for biochemical and histopathological investigations. Testosterone and estradiol hormones showed a significant decrease (P<0.05( in Afzal-treated groups (low and high doses) compared with the control. Histopathological findings revealed the damaging effects manifested as a reduction in the number of the germ cells with deformed organization and in fatty and fibrous degenerations in testes and ovaries. Afzal was found to have adverse effect on the reproductive hormones and gonadal pathology in Wistar rats of both genders, and hence users of Afzal need to consider the risk associated with its frequent use.

scholarly journals Effect of combinations of four trace elements on cadmium bioaccumulation in a few tissues of male albino rats

2010 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 66-69
Author(s):  
A. Usha Rani ◽  
D. Kumar Babu ◽  
J. Obaiah
Keyword(s):  
Trace Elements ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Rat Kidney ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Time Intervals ◽  
Cd Accumulation ◽  
Maximum Decrease ◽  
Liver And Kidney ◽  
Cadmium Bioaccumulation ◽  
Wistar Albino Rats

The present study is designed to investigate the accumulation of cadmium (Cd) in selected tissues such as liver, kidney, testis and small intestine of male albino rats treated for Cd and after combined supplementation with Zinc (Zn) + Iron (Fe) and Selenium (Se) + Copper (Cu). The wistar albino rats were treated with cadmium chloride(CdCl2)at a dose of 1/10th LD50 i.e. 22.5 mg / kg body weight for 7, 15 and 30 days(d) time intervals. After 15 d to Cd treatment, the rats were then supplemented with the above combination of two trace elements and thenobserved for accumulation of Cd at specific time intervals. These trace elements at a dosage of 1 mg/ kg body weight of Se, 16mg/kg body weight of Cu, 12 mg / kg body weight of Zn and 40 mg / kg body weight of Fe were given as supplements. There was significant Cd accumulation in liver and kidney among the selected tissues before to supplementation and there was significant decrease in the Cd accumulation levels in all the tissues after trace element supplementation. Moreover the 30d Zn + Fe supplemented rat kidney showed maximum decrease in Cd accumulation (8.327μg/g wet wt. of the tissue).

Behavioral Contrast in Albino Rats

1975 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 287-291 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. M. Bradshaw
Keyword(s):  
Behavioral Contrast ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Response Rate ◽  
Variable Interval ◽  
The Other ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Schedules Of Reinforcement ◽  
Multiple Variable ◽  
Positive Behavioral Contrast

3 albino Wistar rats were trained in multiple variable-interval schedules of reinforcement. When reinforcement was withheld during one of the component schedules, the reduction in response rate during that component was accompanied by an increase in responding during the other (unchanged) component. This positive behavioral contrast was statistically significant for all three rats. The results are discussed in relation to interpretations of behavioral contrast based on autoshaping phenomena.

scholarly journals EFFECT OF ARTHROSPIRA PLATENSIS AS A FOOD SUPPLEMENT AGAINST SODIUM FLUORIDEINDUCED INTOXICATION ON SOFT TISSUES OF MALE WISTAR ALBINO RATS

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 133
Author(s):  
Ravindra Reddy Kandula ◽  
Narasimha Jayaveera Korlakunta ◽  
Raghavendra Mitta
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Soft Tissues ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Arthrospira Platensis ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Hydroalcoholic Extract ◽  
Group I ◽  
Liver And Kidney ◽  
Wistar Albino Rats

  Objective: The objective of the present study was to explore the in vitro antioxidant and effect of hydroalcoholic extract of Arthrospira platensis (ASP) against sodium fluoride (NaF)-induced toxic effects on soft tissues (heart, liver, and kidney).Methods: In vitro antioxidant activity was assessed using 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging, 2,2’-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline- 6-sulphonic acid) radical scavenging, metal chelation, total antioxidant and reducing power assays, and total flavonoid and phenol content. In this study, 36 male Wistar albino rats were divided into six groups of six animals each. Animals were served as Group I - normal control, Group II - toxic control, and Groups III, IV, and V - treatment groups, which received hydroalcoholic extract of ASP at doses of 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg body weight (p.o), respectively. Group VI served as plant control received hydroalcoholic extract of ASP at a dose of 400 mg/kg body weight (p.o). All groups except Groups I and VI received NaF (100 ppm) through drinking water for 30 days.Results: Results showed that intoxication of NaF caused significant elevation of serum biomarkers of the heart, liver, and kidney and altered tissue oxidative stress markers’ levels. Administration of hydroalcoholic extract of ASP significantly normalized elevated serum levels of heart (p<0.001), liver (p<0.001, p<0.05), and kidney biomarkers (p<0.001). Decrease in lipid peroxidation and increase in reduced glutathione and catalase enzyme levels in a dose-dependent manner were observed in soft tissues (p<0.001, p<0.01, and p<0.05).Conclusion: The study revealed that ASP has good antioxidant and mitigative action against NaF intoxication on soft tissues.

DIFFERENCES BETWEEN DUCKS, PHEASANTS, AND CHICKENS IN TISSUE MERCURY RETENTION, DEPLETION, AND TOLERANCE TO INCREASING LEVELS OF DIETARY MERCURY

1972 ◽  
Vol 52 (2) ◽  
pp. 419-423 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. E. GARDINER
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Methyl Mercury ◽  
Kidney Tissue ◽  
The Other ◽  
Liver And Kidney ◽  
Four Levels ◽  
Breast Tissues ◽  
Over Time

Ducks, pheasants, and broiler-type chickens were fed from 5 days of age diets containing four levels of added mercury (0.0, 0.33, 3.3, and 33 ppm) from methyl mercury dicyandiamide. At 35 days of age, heart, liver, kidney, and breast tissues were taken for mercury analyses. Birds receiving 0.33 and 3.3 ppm of mercury were changed to the 0.0 ppm diet after 35 days and the four tissues were removed weekly for 9 weeks. Body weight at 35 days was lower in all three species on the 33 ppm diet than on the other three diets. Mortality on the 33 ppm diet was 90, 85, and 7.5% for pheasants, ducks, and chickens, respectively. Background tissue mercury levels (0.0 ppm added mercury diet) were higher in liver and kidney than in heart and breast. Relative tissue mercury levels for the other three treatments at 35 days of age were: heart < breast < liver < kidney. Tissue mercury levels were generally higher in ducks than in pheasants and higher in pheasants than in chickens. Ducks retained more mercury in their tissues over time after they were placed on the 0.0 ppm diet than pheasants, and pheasants retained more than chickens.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document