scholarly journals Profitability of Cassava Processing: A Case Study of Otukpo Lga, Benue State, Nigeria

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 12-23
Author(s):  
Dorothy Ani ◽  
Hycainth Ojila ◽  
Orefi Abu
Keyword(s):  
Road Network ◽  
Descriptive Statistics ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Processing Technologies ◽  
Profitability Analysis ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Post Hoc ◽  
Cost Of Transportation ◽  
Structured Questionnaire

The study investigated the economics of cassava processing in Otukpo Local Government Area, Benue State, Nigeria. Data were collected using well-structured questionnaire administered to 60 cassava processors. Data collected were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Profit function, independent sample t-test and Analysis of Variance (ANOVA). Results showed that majority of the processors were within the age group of 31–40 years with mean year of experience of 34 years. They were mostly women with an average of 8 persons per household. Traditional technologies mostly were employed by the cassava processors. The profitability analysis showed that cassava processing into garri (fried cassava granules), chips and fufu/akpu (cassava dough) are profitable, (t =23.55, 11.95, 12.37: P≤ 0.01). Moreover, the result of the ANOVA showed that there was a significant difference (F=44.48:P≤0.01) in the profit level of cassava processed into garri, chips and fufu/akpu. The result of the post-hoc of ANOVA shows that among the three cassava products studied, garri had the highest profit. The cassava processors encountered many set-backs like poor equipment, high cost of transportation, inadequate capital and poor road network even though processing is a viable and profitable venture. Modern processing technologies should be developed and disseminated to processors while adequate infrastructural facilities and credits should also be provided.

scholarly journals Economics analysis of rice marketing in Mubi North Local Government Area of Adamawa State, Nigeria

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 356-359
Author(s):  
J. Zalkuwi
Keyword(s):  
Road Network ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Gross Margin ◽  
Agricultural Credit ◽  
The Road ◽  
Profitability Analysis ◽  
Multi Stage ◽  
Economics Analysis ◽  
Cost Of Transportation ◽  
Structured Questionnaire

bstract. The purpose of the study was to make an economic analysis of rice marketing in Adamawa State, Nigeria. Rice marketing system, constraints associated with cost and return of rice marketing and problem of rice marketing were examined. A total of 60 respondents were selected using multi-stage random sampling technique. A structured questionnaire was designed in line with the objective of the study and administered by means of interview scheduled in generating the data analyzed. Both descriptive (frequency, tables and percentages) and inferential statistics (profitability analysis, total cost and return) were employed to the analyzed the data. The result of the analysis showed that the major form of processed rice that is marketed in the area is regular milled white rice. The gross margin obtained was N235690.00 (US$656.55) showing that the marketing of rice is profitable. From the study, the profitability ratio shows that it is viable with every N1.00 invested in rice marketing giving a return of N2. The major constraints associated with rice marketing include high cost of transportation and inadequate processing facilities. The study suggests an improvement of the road network system and provision of agricultural credit to enable rice traders expand the volume of their operations. It was also recommended that agricultural training workshop in rice marketing should be used from time to time to educate producers and marketers on storage and distribution processes

scholarly journals Overview of hospitalizations by ambulatory care sensitive conditions in the municipality of Cotia, Brazil

2014 ◽  
Vol 48 (spe) ◽  
pp. 137-144
Author(s):  
Renata Laszlo Torres ◽  
Suely Itsuko Ciosak
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Cerebrovascular Diseases ◽  
Descriptive Statistics ◽  
Ambulatory Care Sensitive Conditions ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Unified Health System ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Sensitive Conditions

Objective To describe the profile of Hospitalizations by Amulatory Care Sensitive Conditions (HACSC), in the Municipality of Cotia, from 2008 to 2012. Method ecological, exploratory, longitudinal study with a quantitative approach. Data on HACSC, by age group and sex, were obtained from the Department of the Unified Health System. For data analysis descriptive statistics were used. Results During the period, there were 46,676 admissions, excluding deliveries, 7,753 (16.61%) by HACSC. The main causes were cerebrovascular diseases, 16.96%, heart failure, 15.50%, hypertension, 10.80% and infection of the kidney and urinary tract, 10.51%. Regarding gender, HACSC occurred predominantly in males. There was a greater number of HACSC at extreme age ranges, especially in the elderly. Conclusion Chronic diseases predominate among the leading causes of HACSC and there was no significant difference between sex.





Knowledge of physiotherapists on the use of Muscle Energy Technique in the management of Non-Specific Low Back Pain

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Usman Abba Ahmed ◽  
SONILL Sooknunan Maharaj ◽  
Nadasan Thaya ◽  
Bashir Kaka ◽  
Ashiyat Kahinde Akodu
Keyword(s):  
Low Back Pain ◽  
Back Pain ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Descriptive Statistics ◽  
Low Back ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Muscle Energy Technique ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Muscle Energy ◽  
Structured Questionnaire

Abstract Objective: The relevance and use of Muscle Energy Technique (MET) as a mode of treatment for Non-specific low back pain (NSLBP) over the last two decades has increased among physiotherapists and other health professionals. This supports the clinical relevance and efficacy of this technique. However, there are no studies to determine the level of MET knowledge among Nigerian physiotherapists. This study was designed to determine the MET knowledge among Nigerian physiotherapists.Method: A total of one hundred and twenty physiotherapists were recruited from the database of the Nigerian Society of Physiotherapy and participated in the study. They completed a semi-structured questionnaire containing 46-items. This was divided into four sections which sourced information on sociodemographic characteristics, work-profile, treatment activities and the knowledge of MET for the management of NSLBP. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics for mean, frequency and percentages. Inferential statistics of Chi-square, Pearson Correlation, independent t-test and ANOVA were used to determine the significant difference with significance set at p<0.05.Result: The study revealed that 16.7% of the participants had knowledge of the application of MET in the management for NSLBP. Age, educational level, practice setting, area of specialization such as musculoskeletal therapy, ergonomics and additional training of low back pain (LBP) were factors that influenced respondents’ MET knowledge (p<0.05). However, gender, university of training, number of years of experience and the practice of managing of LBP in the physiotherapy department did not influence knowledge of MET for the management of NSLBP (p >0.05).Conclusion: This study showed that a small number of participants had knowledge of MET application in the management of NSLBP and certain factors influenced this knowledge. Keywords: Non-specific low back pain, Muscle Energy Technique, Physiotherapists knowledge, Nigeria

scholarly journals Social Status of Nepalese Single Women and Perception on Remarriage: A Case Study of Pokhara Lekhnath Metropolitan City

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-58
Author(s):  
Surendra Tiwari ◽  
Sabitri Bhattarai
Keyword(s):  
Social Status ◽  
Single Women ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Economic Rights ◽  
Metropolitan City ◽  
Margin Of Error ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Family ◽  
Structured Questionnaire

The aim of this study is to examine the social status of Nepalese single women and their perception on remarriage. For this purpose, out of 157 respondents, 128 single women (7.3% margin of error and 90% Confidence level) of age 25 years to 80 years, from Pokhara Metropolitan City Ward No. 26 and 27 were interviewed purposively by using structured questionnaire. Descriptive statistics was used for the analysis of the data. Majority of single women were from age group of 40 years and above. Majority of them were illiterate and deprived from the political, social and economic participation. Major problems faced by the single women are economic hardship, family violence (especially mental tension given by the family and society), less freedom, deprivation of the social and economic rights and participations, less decision making roles and so on. Further, the majority of the single women had very little freedom to do something and go somewhere. It is also found that the land ownership has been transferred to them but it is due to legal provision after the death of husbands only. The result also shows that the single women faced the problem of loneliness. Majority of respondents think about remarriage without leaving children. It clearly shows that majority of the single women want to remarry not for physical pleasure but concerning about their safety, their children future and less economic burden. The study depicted that the barriers for the single women in social and religious participations have been changed slowly. It can be concluded that the social status of single women seems to be changing towards positive social status such as society has been liberal in their clothing and participation in various religious functions.

scholarly journals CAUSES AND LEVELS OF TRUANCY AMONG SECONDARY SCHOOL STUDENTS: A CASE STUDY OF RIVERS STATE, NIGERIA

2012 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-62
Author(s):  
Iheanyi N. Okwakpam ◽  
Ikechi O. Okwakpam
Keyword(s):  
Secondary School ◽  
Secondary School Students ◽  
Family Background ◽  
School Students ◽  
Case Study Design ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
Rivers State ◽  
Structured Questionnaire

The study was a case study design aimed at determining the causes and levels of truancy among secondary school students, using Rivers State, Nigeria. The research sample consisted of 105 teachers and was purposefully sampled. Four research questions and one hypothesis were posed, formulated and tested respectively. A structured questionnaire was developed, validated and administered to the respondents selected for the study. T-test, standard deviation and mean were used to analyze the data collected. The results indicated that there is a significant difference between family background and student factor. The implication of this is that the student’s family background contributes greatly to the student’s level of truancy. Hence, the null hypothesis was rejected. Based on the findings, some recommendations were made towards the reducing the level of truancy among secondary school students. Key words: Nigeria, Rivers State, school, secondary school, students, truancy.

scholarly journals Female students’ awareness in sexual harassment prevention

2021 ◽  
Vol 04 (07) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chu Thi Huyen Yen ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Harassment ◽  
Field Survey ◽  
Female Students ◽  
Descriptive Statistics ◽  
Cronbach’S Alpha ◽  
Cronbach's Alpha ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Analytical Tools ◽  
Sexual Harassment Prevention ◽  
Structured Questionnaire

The main objective of this study was to identify, evaluate, and to measure the attributes of female students’ awareness in sexual harassment prevention in Hanoi, Vietnam. The study was based on a field survey using a semi-structured questionnaire on a sample of 150 female students. But, only 125 filled questionnaires were satisfactory and therefore included in the analysis. By using seceral statistical analytical tools, i.e. descriptive statistics, Cronbach’s Alpha analysis, and ANOVA, the study has identified and measured three (3) attributes of female students’ awareness in sexual harassment prevention in Hanoi, Vietnam that have great effects on female students. There is not, statistically, significant difference in the level of female students’ awareness in sexual harassment prevention in Hanoi from these different universities. Based on the findings, some recommendations are given for the universities and female students to improve the awareness of sexual harassment prevention.

scholarly journals Constraints to utilization of improved processing technologies among cassava processors in Oyo State, Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-49
Author(s):  
I.O. Ewebiyi ◽  
T.O. Ikotun ◽  
O.O. Olayemi
Keyword(s):  
Screw Press ◽  
Descriptive Statistics ◽  
Hammer Mill ◽  
Processing Technologies ◽  
Know How ◽  
Agricultural Engineering ◽  
Lack Of Information ◽  
Collecte De Données ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Structured Questionnaire

This study investigated the constraints associated with utilization of improved processing technologies among cassava processors in Oyo State, Nigeria. A structured questionnaire was used to collect data from a random sample of 176 respondents. Data was analyzed using descriptive statistics and Pearson Product Moment Correlation. The findings were that most (56.8%) of the respondents had a positive attitude towards utilization of mechanical grater, screw press hydraulic and Hammer mill technologies. However, inadequate funds, lack of technical know-how, lack of information, high cost of purchase and inadequate engineers for the improved processing technologies were identified as severe constraints militating against utilization of improved processing technologies. Significant relationship was established between these constraints and utilization of the improved processing technologies. It is recommended that government 1) builds factories that will lower the cost of the technologies; and 2) ensures that research institutes, departments of Agricultural engineering in universities and polytechnics and adult education programs in the community are adequately funded to promote knowledge of the technologies.RésuméCette étude a examiné les contraintes associées à l’usage des technologies traitantes améliorées parmi les traitants du manioc dans l’état d’Oyo au Nigeria. Un questionnaire structuré fut utilisé pour la collecte de données provenant de 176 enquêtés hasardement sélectionnés du champ d’étude. Les données ainsi collectées furent analysées par moyen de statistiques descriptives (telles que le comptage de fréquence, le pourcentage et la moyenne) ainsi que les statistiques inferentielles. La Corrélation du Moment Produit de Pearson (CMPP) fut employée pour déterminer la relation entre contraintes et usage des technologies traitantes améliorées parmi les traitants du manioc dans le champ d’étude. Les résultats de l’étude ont démontré que l’âge moyen d’enquêtés était de 41.23 ans et que plus d’un quart d’enquêtés (33.0%) avaient six à dix ans d’expérience dans le traitement du manioc. De surcroit, les résultats ont révélé que la plupart d’enquêtés (56.8%) avaient une attitude favorable envers l’usage des technologies traitantes améliorées de rappe mécanique, presse-vis hydraulique et moulin-marteau. Des fonds inadéquats, le manque du savoir-faire technique, le manque d’information, le coût élevé d’achat, et les ingénieurs inadéquats concernant les technologies traitantes améliorées ont été identifiés par les enquêtés comme sérieuses contraintes militant contre l’usage des technologies traitantes améliorées. Une relation significative existait aussi entre contraintes (r=-0.189, p=0.012) auxquelles les enquêtés font face et leur usage des technologies traitantes améliorées. L’étude a recommandé que le gouvernement construise les usines ou industries où les technologies traitantes améliorées seraient fabriquées à coût bas, que les instituts de recherche et département d’ingénierie agronome dans les universités et écoles polytechniques soient financés adéquatement, ainsi que les programmes d’alphabétisation d’adultes dans les communautés de traitants du manioc pour surmonter le défi d’analphabétisation et la saisie du savoir-faire technique concernant les opérations technologies. Tout ceci va renchérir l’usage effectif des technologies traitantes améliorées parmi les traitants du manioc dans le champ d’étude—une chose qui, en long terme, pourra se traduire en haute productivité, augmentation de revenus, et conditions de vie en mieux.

The Impact of Microfinance Institution on Development of Small and Medium Enterprises: A Case Study of Lagos State

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (9) ◽  
pp. 81
Author(s):  
Hauwa Daniyan Bagudu ◽  
Shazida Jan Mohd Khan ◽  
Abdul Hakim Roslan
Keyword(s):  
Product Innovation ◽  
Small And Medium Enterprises ◽  
Descriptive Statistics ◽  
Lagos State ◽  
Microfinance Institution ◽  
Medium Enterprises ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Major Target ◽  
Structured Questionnaire

The major target of this study is to evaluate the effect of Microfinance Institution (MFIs) on the development of SMEs (Small and medium enterprises) in Lagos state Nigeria. Simple random techniques of sampling were employed in this study in selecting 70 SMEs which constituted the size of the sample of the research. To facilitate the obtaining of relevant data that was used for analysis in this study, structured questionnaire was designed. Descriptive statistics involving simple graphical charts and tables was strategically applied in presentation and analysis of data. The outcome of the findings indicates that large number of SMEs are benefiting from the loans granted by the MFIs, despite the fact that few of them have sufficient ability to secure the needed amount. Interestingly, most of the SMEs admit positive MFIs loans contribution towards advancing their market share, the economic competitive advantage of the company and achieving market excellence through product innovation.

scholarly journals Medicinal plants profile used by the 3rd District population of Maceió-AL

2017 ◽  
Vol 77 (4) ◽  
pp. 794-802 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. A. S. Griz ◽  
T. J. Matos-Rocha ◽  
A. F. Santos ◽  
J. G. Costa ◽  
K. C. Mousinho
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Descriptive Statistics ◽  
Mentha Piperita ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Melissa Officinalis ◽  
Lemon Balm ◽  
Frequency Table ◽  
Qualitative Variables ◽  
Plant Foliage ◽  
Structured Questionnaire

Abstract Herein the use of medicinal plants by the population of the 3rd Sanitary District of Maceió-AL city is reported. Transversal description was conducted from February 2013 to January 2014, with a sample of 116 individuals of both Gender Genders aged over 18 years. The ethnobotanical information interviews ethnobotanical information were obtained through semi - structured questionnaire featuring the use of medicinal plants and social and economical data. Descriptive statistics was applied for quantitative variables as mean and standard deviation and proportions for qualitative variables in the frequency table format. The results showed that 85.34% of the interviewees used plants for medicinal purposes. As the majority of these were (73.28%) females in the age group between 30-60 years of old. Among a total of 45 identified plant species, the highest use frequency were for Boldus Peumus (bilberry), Melissa officinalis (lemon balm), and Mentha piperita (mint). The most widely used plant foliage part was (53.53%) prepared as an infusion (55.5%). The use of medicinal plants in Maceió cityis widespread, highlighting the importance of ethnobotanical knowledge for the study of medicinal plants.

Effect of Substrate Age and Adhesive Composition on Dentin Bonding

2013 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 267-274 ◽  
Author(s):  
J Perdigão ◽  
Ana Sezinando ◽  
Paulo C Monteiro
Keyword(s):  
Age Groups ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Single Bond ◽  
Human Teeth ◽  
Adhesive Composition ◽  
Dentin Adhesives ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Post Hoc ◽  
Substrate Age

SUMMARY Purpose To study the effect of dentin age and adhesive composition on the microtensile dentin bond strengths (μTBS) of five dentin adhesives. Materials and Methods Sixty extracted caries-free human teeth were assigned to the appropriate age group: less than 21 years of age (&lt;21), 21–40 years of age (21–40), and greater than 40 years of age (&gt;40). For each age group, specimens were randomly divided into five dentin adhesives: (1) Adper Easy Bond (EB, 3M ESPE), a one-step self-etch adhesive; (2) Experimental Adper Easy Bond without the Vitrebond Co-polymer (CP) (EBnoCP, 3M ESPE); (3) Adper Single Bond Plus (SB, 3M ESPE), a two-step etch&rinse adhesive; (4) Experimental Adper Single Bond Plus without CP (SBnoCP, 3M ESPE); and (5) Adper Scotchbond Multi-Purpose (MP, 3M ESPE), a three-step etch&rinse adhesive, as the control group. Specimens were sectioned in X and Y directions and the resulting beams were tested to failure in tension mode at a crosshead speed of 1 mm/min. Statistical analysis was computed using t-test and two-way analysis of variance followed by Fisher least significant difference multiple comparison post hoc test at p &lt; 0.05. Results The highest mean μTBS values were obtained in the control group (MP) for all age groups. EB resulted in statistically similar mean μTBS compared to EBnoCP for all age groups: p = 0.538 for (&lt;21); p = 0.974 for (21–40); and p = 0.909 for (&gt;40). SB resulted in statistically higher mean μTBS than SBnoCP for all age groups [p&lt;0.009 for (&lt;21); p&lt;0.028 for (21–40); and p&lt;0.041 for (&gt;40)]. MP, the control group, resulted in statistically lower mean μTBS when applied to the oldest age group (&gt;40) compared to the youngest age group (&lt;21), at p &lt; 0.04. When means were pooled for the variable ‘age group,' SB resulted in significantly higher mean μTBS than SBnoCP at p &lt; 0.009, while EB resulted in statistically similar mean μTBS compared to EBnoCP (p=0.9). MP resulted in statistically higher mean μTBS than all other adhesives—SB (p&lt;0.0001), SBnoCP (p&lt;0.0001), EBnoCP (p&lt;0.022), and EB (p&lt;0.046). Conclusions The substrate age influenced the bonding ability of the three-step etch&rinse adhesive. The presence of a carboxylic-based polymer (CP) enhanced the bonding ability of the two-step etch&rinse adhesive.

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