scholarly journals Chinese Special Needs Adoption, Demand, and the Global Politics of Disability

2019 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Erin Raffety
Keyword(s):  
Special Needs ◽  
Children With Disabilities ◽  
Government Support ◽  
Global Politics ◽  
Chinese Government ◽  
Persons With Disabilities ◽  
Special Needs Adoption ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Economics And Politics ◽  
Market Economics

This article explores three related phenomena: first, the abandonment and institutionalization of children with disabilities in China that increased disproportionately in the 2000s; second, the important relationships between such abandonments, culture, economics, and politics in contemporary China; and third, the relationship between such abandonments, the increasing rates at which Chinese orphans with disabilities are being adopted to Western countries through Inter-country Adoption (ICA), and the global politics of ICA and disability. Although the rise in the proportion of ICA from China of "children with special needs" is widely acknowledged, the reasons for the recent increase in abandonments of children with disabilities have been largely analyzed from the perspective of Chinese cultural views regarding disability (Holroyd 2003; Qian 2014), market economics (Wang 2016), the lack of Chinese government support for services for families (Shang 2008), as well as government coercion (Johnson 2016), thus, relatively divorced from the demand side of ICA. However, this article highlights the relationship between the disproportionate abandonment of children with disabilities in China and their increasing rate of ICA from China, arguing that discrimination toward persons with disabilities, or ableism, is not merely operative in abandonments of Chinese children with disabilities, but also embedded in the global politics of ICA.

scholarly journals Promjene u pristupima odgoju i obrazovanju učenika s teškoćama

2013 ◽  
Vol 8 (1.) ◽  
Author(s):  
Smiljana Zrilić ◽  
Kristina Brzoja
Keyword(s):  
Children With Disabilities ◽  
Social Stigma ◽  
Educational Process ◽  
Cultural Economic ◽  
Persons With Disabilities ◽  
Number Of Factors ◽  
The Social ◽  
Teachers And Students ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
National Framework

Attitude towards children with disabilities, especially their education, changed throughout history, and depended on a number of factors: political, social, cultural, economic or any other terms and conditions set in which a society found. Segregationist practice, which deals with the separation of people based on different criteria, which is generally contrary to the principles of human rights and freedoms, and the philosophy of history in America and Europe have had a decisive influence on the situation of children with disabilities, the relationship between school and society as a whole. At that time a opinion that persons with disabilities can be helped in a separate environment, isolated from the rest of society, has further boosted the social stigma, aversion, classification and intolerance. Croatian national framework curriculum provides all students equal opportunities to participate in the educational process in accordance with their capabilities together with their peers, making the foundation for the creation of individualized curriculum. So constructed curriculum of teaching gives the assumption that students can develop their own potentials in accordance with their own requirements for learning (cognitive, affective, motivational to social). This paper describes the changes throughout history in relation to children with disabilities, and elaborates some responses from teachers and students of teacher training studies within the research thesis. Although from the commencement of the inclusion of education passed nearly half a century, the fact is that we still need to work on new models of schooling and of teacher education, because those teachers who are today in practice still feel incompetent. Students feel more competent because they were included in the new compulsory and elective courses on studies for teachers.

scholarly journals Pemberdayaan Paguyuban “Semar Cakep” Dalam Upaya Perawatan Anak Penyandang Disabilitas Masa Pandemi Covid-19

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (5) ◽  
pp. 1067-1073
Author(s):  
Dyah Restuning Prihati ◽  
Endang Supriyanti
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Cerebral Palsy ◽  
Special Needs ◽  
Daily Living ◽  
Children With Disabilities ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
People With Disabilities ◽  
Children With Special Needs ◽  
Special Group ◽  
Persons With Disabilities

ABSTRAK Anak dengan penyandang disabilitas adalah kelompok khusus yang beresiko terpapar COVID-19. Mereka melakukan activity daily living, mobilitas dan komunikasi membutuhkan pendampingan dari orangtua maupun pengasuhnya. Mereka memiliki keterbatasan dalam memahami bagaimana pencegahan penukaran COVID-19. Identifikasi permasalahan yang dihadapi mitra adalah pengetahuan pengurus Paguyuban Peduli Penyandang Disabilitas SEMAR CAKEP tentang perawatan anak penyandang disabilitas di masa pandemi COVID-19 masih kurang dan belum ada penyuluhan tentang perawatan anak penyandang disabilitas di masa pandemi COVID-19 oleh petugas kesehatan. Tujuan kegiatan PKM ini adalah memberdayakan atau pendampingan pengurus Paguyuban Peduli Penyandang Disabilitas SEMAR CAKEP tentang perawatan anak penyandang disabilitas di masa pandemi COVID-19. Metode yang digunakan adalah pendampingan dengan memberikan pengetahuan tentang perawatan anak penyandang disabilitas di masa pandemi COVID-19 dan Masalah nutrisi pada cerebral palsy. Hasil Kegiatan ini terdapat peningkatan pengetahuan sebanyak 10 orang (91%) dan yang memiliki pengetahuan rendah sebanyak 1 orang (9%). Peningkatan upaya promotif dan preventif sebagai upaya deteksi dini pencegahan anak penyandang disabilitas terpapar COVID-19. Keberadaan pendamping bagi anak berkebutuhan khusus memiliki makna yang berarti bagi proses perlindungan dan tumbuh kembangnya. Diharapkan dengan implementasi ini, pengurus paguyuban peduli penyandang disabilitas SEMAR CAKEP bisa menerapkan dan memberikan informasi kepada orang tua dalam perawatan anak penyandang disabilitas di masa pandemi COVID-19. Kata  Kunci : Paguyuban; Perawatan Anak Disabilitas; COVID-19  ABSTRACT Children with disabilities are a special group who are at risk of being exposed to COVID-19. They carry out a daily living, mobility, and communication activities that require assistance from parents and caregivers. They have limitations in understanding how to prevent the exchange of COVID-19. The identification of problems faced by partners is the knowledge of the Paguyuban Caring for Persons with Disabilities, SEMAR CAKEP management about caring for children with disabilities during the COVID-19 pandemic is still lacking and there has been no counseling about the care of children with disabilities during the COVID-19 pandemic by health workers. The purpose of this PKM activity is to empower or assist the administrators of the SEMAR CAKEP Care for Persons with Disabilities regarding the care of children with disabilities during the COVID-19 pandemic. The method used is assistance by providing knowledge about the care of children with disabilities during the COVID-19 pandemic and nutritional problems in cerebral palsy. The results of this activity there was an increase in knowledge by 10 people (91%) and 1 person (9%) who had low knowledge. Increasing promotional and preventive efforts as an effort to prevent children with disabilities from being exposed to COVID-19. The existence of a companion for children with special needs has meaningful meaning for the process of protection and development. It is hoped that with this implementation, the management of the association caring for people with disabilities, SEMAR CAKEP, can apply and provide information to parents in caring for children with disabilities during the COVID-19 pandemic. Keywords: Association; Care for Children with Disabilities; COVID-19

scholarly journals Special Needs Is an Ineffective Euphemism

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Morton Ann Gernsbacher
Keyword(s):  
Down Syndrome ◽  
Intellectual Disability ◽  
General Population ◽  
Special Needs ◽  
Children With Disabilities ◽  
Middle Age ◽  
Persons With Disabilities ◽  
Personal Connection ◽  
Adult Participants ◽  
Style Guides

Although euphemisms are intended to put a more positive spin on the words they replace, some euphemisms are ineffective. Our study examined the effectiveness of a popular euphemism for persons with disabilities, special needs. Most style guides prescribe against using the euphemism special needs and recommend instead using the non-euphemized term disability; disability advocates argue adamantly against the euphemism special needs, which they find offensive. In contrast, many parents of children with disabilities prefer to use special needs rather than disability. But no empirical study has examined whether special needs is more or less positive than the term it replaces. Therefore, we gathered a sample of adult participants from the general population (N = 530) and created a set of vignettes that allowed us to measure how positively children, college students, and middle-age adults are viewed when they are described as having special needs, having a disability, having a certain disability (e.g., is blind, has Down syndrome), or with no label at all. We predicted and observed that persons are viewed more negatively when described as having special needs than when described as having a disability or having a certain disability, indicating that special needs is an ineffective euphemism. Even for members of the general population who have a personal connection to disability (e.g., as parents of children with disabilities), the euphemism special needs is no more effective than the non euphemized term disability. We also collected free associations to the terms special needs and disability and found that special needs is associated with more negativity; special needs conjures up more associations with developmental disabilities (such as intellectual disability) whereas disability is associated with a more inclusive set of disabilities; and special needs evokes more unanswered questions. These findings recommend against using the euphemism special needs.

scholarly journals MODERN ORGANIZATIONAL AND METHODICAL APPROACHES TO PROVIDING POPULATION WITH SPECIAL NEEDS FOR MEDICO-SOCIAL SERVICES

2020 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
G. O. Slabkiy ◽  
I. S. Mironyuk ◽  
N. O. Каbatsiy ◽  
L. V. Levko
Keyword(s):  
Parental Care ◽  
Special Needs ◽  
Social Services ◽  
Children With Disabilities ◽  
Social Protection ◽  
Leisure Activities ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
Medical Rehabilitation ◽  
Persons With Disabilities ◽  
Education And Development

Abstract Purpose of the study. To establish the number of persons with special needs in Transcarpathian region and to define strategic approaches for their provision by social and medical services in modern conditions of society development. Materials and methods. The source for the study was data from the scientific literature on the research issue and state statistical reporting on the numbers of the disabled, the number of orphans and children deprived of parental care and the legislation of Ukraine on social protection of persons with special needs. The study covered the period from 2010 to 2019. During the study, the following methods have been used: biblical semantic, medical statistical, content analysis, structural logical analysis. The methodological basis of the study was a systematic approach. Results. T he a nalysis o f t he d ynamics o f the number of persons with special needs in Transcarpathian region for the period of 2010–2019 showed an increase in the number of persons with disabilities by 27% with the number of 75415 persons, 6826 children with disabilities and 2125 orphan children and children deprived of parental care. The results of the WHO Evaluation Mission show that the country's existing system of providing rehabilitation assistance, assessing the status of life-limiting, does not meet world requirements and that statistical information on disability cannot be compared with international data. At the same time, the recent legislation in Ukraine envisages the improvement of the system of social and medical assistance to persons with disabilities. It includes formation of a system of provision of services in accordance with the actual needs of the population with the maximum approximation of the service to the place of residence of the client with the maximum use of opportunities of the united territorial communities. Care and upbringing of children should be carried out in a family-friendly environment, providing conditions for living close to family conditions (food, clothing, footwear, hard and soft equipment, housekeeping, leisure activities, etc), developing and maintaining self-care skills, household skills necessary for the organization of independent life; education and development of individual abilities, assistance in obtaining educational, medical, rehabilitation and social services in appropriate institutions. Conclusion. In the region, as the number of people with disabilities increases, based on the legal framework, conditions are created to ensure free, equal and convenient access to a range of services in a safe, comfortable community for everyone. Keywords: persons with disabilities, children with disabilities, orphan children,children deprived of parental care, ways of provision.

The Role of the Judiciary and Its Relationship to the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisa Waddington
Keyword(s):  
Legal System ◽  
Amicus Curiae ◽  
Persons With Disabilities ◽  
Legal Duty ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Do So

This chapter examines the role of the judiciary with regard to the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (CRPD). It considers the relationship which the judiciary have or appear to perceive themselves as having with the CRPD and explores some of the factors seemingly prompting courts to refer to it. The first section reflects on: whether judges are able to choose to refer to the Convention or have a legal duty to do so; the significance of the fact that the CRPD is international law; and whether judges appear to see themselves merely as domestic actors, or as agents or trustees of the CRPD. The second section explores whether judges are referring to the CRPD in response to arguments raised before the court or doing so of their own volition. Also considered are the relevance of amicus curiae interventions; reasons for referral related to the domestic legal system; and the role of particularly engaged individuals.

scholarly journals Socio-Demographic Factors Influencing the Use of Assistive Technology among Children with Disabilities in Malawi

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (6) ◽  
pp. 3062
Author(s):  
Monica Jamali-Phiri ◽  
Ikenna D. Ebuenyi ◽  
Emma M. Smith ◽  
Juba Alyce Kafumba ◽  
Malcolm MacLachlan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Assistive Technology ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Children With Disabilities ◽  
Unmet Need ◽  
Demographic Factors ◽  
Multiple Disabilities ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Persons With Disabilities ◽  
Socio Demographic Factors

This paper aims to address the information gap on the influence of socio-demographic factors on access and utilization of Assistive Technology (AT) among children with disabilities in Malawi. Thus, it contributes towards the realization of the recommendations of the UN Convention on the Rights of Persons with disabilities and the development of a framework for creating an effective national AT policy. The paper used two statistically matched datasets, namely, the 2017 survey on Living conditions among persons with disabilities in Malawi and the 2015-16 Malawi Demographic and Health survey. Logistic regression and structural equation modeling techniques were utilized to assess the influence of socio-demographic factors on the use of AT among children with disabilities. The results indicate that there is a high level of unmet need for AT among young children aged 2 to 9 and those living in urban areas. The results further indicate that children with multiple disabilities have lower odds (OR = 0.924) of using AT for personal mobility compared to children with a single functional difficulty. These results entail that AT needs for children with multiple disabilities are not adequately addressed. Therefore, when developing policies on AT, younger children and those with multiple disabilities need to be specifically targeted.

scholarly journals Investigating the Relationship between Public Satisfaction and Public Environmental Participation during Government Treatment of Urban Malodorous Black River in China

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 3584
Author(s):  
Shiwang Yu ◽  
Jianxia Bao ◽  
Wen Ding ◽  
Xue Chen ◽  
Xiaonan Tang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Participation ◽  
Public Perception ◽  
Action Plan ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Chinese Government ◽  
Whole Process ◽  
Residential Communities ◽  
Behavior Health ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Environmental Participation

During China’s rapid economic development and urbanization, numerous cases of urban malodorous black river (MBR) have occurred. MBR refers to a polluted urban river that smells bad, is almost black in color, has no aquatic plants or animals, and that consequently causes many social and environmental problems. The Chinese government has sought public participation during the whole process of MBR treatment as part of a comprehensive action plan to improve residents’ satisfaction with their environment. To investigate the influencing factors of public participation and satisfaction, a questionnaire survey was conducted among residential communities close to an MBR. SPSS 22.0 was employed to conduct an analysis of the collected data, using factor analysis, correlation analysis, and linear regression analysis. The results indicate that there is a direct relationship between public satisfaction and the factors of government treatment, public perception and public participation behaviors, such as engagement behavior, supervision behavior, health influence, and compensation measures.

scholarly journals Individual quality of life and the environment – towards a concept of livable areas for persons with disabilities in Poland

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Izabela Grabowska ◽  
Radosław Antczak ◽  
Jan Zwierzchowski ◽  
Tomasz Panek
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Basic Research ◽  
Research Problem ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
Living Conditions ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
Persons With Disabilities ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Background The United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities [1] highlights the need to create proper socioeconomic and political conditions for persons with disabilities, with a special focus on their immediate living conditions. According to the Convention, these conditions should be built to ensure that persons with disabilities have the potential to enjoy a high quality of life (QoL), and this principle is reflected in the notion of livable areas. The crucial aspect of this framework is the relationship between the individual QoL and the environment, broadly understood as the socioeconomic as well as the technical conditions in which persons with disabilities function. Methods The basic research problem was to assess the relationship between individual QoL for the population with disabilities as a dependent variable and livability indicators as independent variables, controlling for individual characteristics. The study used a dataset from the EU-SILC (European Union Statistics on Income and Living Conditions) survey carried out in 2015 in Poland. The research concept involved several steps. First, we created a variable measuring the QoL for the entire population with disabilities. To measure the multidimensional QoL, we used Sen’s capability approach as a general concept, which was operationalized by the MIMIC (multiple indicators multiple causes) model. In the second step, we identified the livability indicators available in the official statistics, and merged them with survey data. Finally, in the last step, we ran the regression analysis. We also checked the data for the nested structure. Results We confirmed that the general environmental conditions, focused on creating livable areas, played a significant role in shaping the QoL of persons with disabilities; i.e., we found that the higher the level of the local Human Development Index, the higher the quality of life of the individuals living in this area. This relationship held even after controlling for the demographic characteristics of the respondents. Moreover, we found that in addition to the general environmental conditions, the conditions created especially for persons with disabilities (i.e., services for this group and support for their living conditions) affected the QoL of these individuals. Conclusions The results illustrate the need to strengthen policies aimed at promoting the QoL of persons with disabilities by creating access to community assets and services that can contribute to improving the life chances of this population.

scholarly journals Decoupling Analysis between Economic Growth and Air Pollution in Key Regions of Air Pollution Control in China

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 6600
Author(s):  
Jing Li ◽  
Lipeng Hou ◽  
Lin Wang ◽  
Lina Tang
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Air Pollution ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Pollution Control ◽  
Environmental Policies ◽  
River Delta ◽  
Chinese Government ◽  
Air Pollution Control ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
No2 Pollution

The Chinese government has implemented a number of environmental policies to promote the continuous improvement of air quality while considering economic development. Scientific assessment of the impact of environmental policies on the relationship between air pollution and economic growth can provide a scientific basis for promoting the coordinated development of these two factors. This paper uses the Tapio decoupling theory to analyze the relationship between regional economic growth and air pollution in key regions of air pollution control in China—namely, the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei region and surrounding areas (BTHS), the Yangtze River Delta (YRD), and the Pearl River Delta (PRD)—based on data of GDP and the concentrations of SO2, PM10, and NO2 for 31 provinces in China from 2000 to 2019. The results show that the SO2, PM10, and NO2 pollution in the key regions show strong and weak decoupling. The findings additionally indicate that government policies have played a significant role in improving the decoupling between air pollution and economic development. The decoupling between economic growth and SO2 and PM10 pollution in the BTHS, YRD, and PRD is better than that in other regions, while the decoupling between economic growth and NO2 pollution has not improved significantly in these regions. To improve the relationship between economic growth and air pollution, we suggest that the governments of China and other developing countries should further optimize and adjust the structure of industry, energy, and transportation; apply more stringent targets and measures in areas of serious air pollution; and strengthen mobile vehicle pollution control.

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