racing and studying two-syllable words, two consecutive words with a similar sound and tone, and words with a similar sound in “Ngục trung nhật kí”

2021 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
pp. 50-62
Author(s):  
Chung Nguyen Thi Thanh
Keyword(s):  
Literary Language ◽  
Everyday Language ◽  
Language System

The paper examines the system of two-syllable words, two consecutive words with a similar sound and tone, and words with a similar sound in “Ngục trung nhật kí”. Based on that, it discusses the author’s word borrowing and forming. At the same time, the paper explores the interaction and development of this language system in modern Vietnamese. This group of words in “Ngục trung nhật kí” includes 102 words, of which borrowed words account for 76% and formed words 24%. The borrowed and formed words are harmoniously combined in the work, demonstrating Ho Chi Minh's linguistic talent. Among the two-syllable words, two consecutive words with a similar sound and tone, and words with a similar sound that Ho Chi Minh wrote in “Ngục trung nhật kí”, there were words that entered Vietnamese and those that did not, accounting for 42% and 58% respectively. The words which entered Vietnamese lexicon have undergone changes to become more suitable with the reality with the rate of modified words being 16%. This figure shows the intersection between Vietnamese and Chinese, between literary language and everyday language, and affirms the strong development of Vietnamese throughout the nation's history

Urdu as Persian

2018 ◽  
pp. 40-57
Author(s):  
Arthur Dudney
Keyword(s):  
Language Planning ◽  
Literary Language ◽  
Persian Literature ◽  
Historical Process ◽  
Everyday Language ◽  
Lexical Items

Focusing on the writings of Siraj al-Din ʿAli Khan ‘Arzu’ (d. 1756), a critic of Persian literature and early theorist of what would come to be known as Urdu, Arthur Dudney shows how the sociolinguistic concept of ‘language planning’ can be used to understand the historical process through which a literary language is delineated and defined as such. Defining a new literary idiom involves identifying what that idiom is but also specifying what it is not. In the writings of Arzu and others, Dudney finds that the concept of rozmarrah (colloquial or ‘everyday’ language) was essential to defining what Urdu was, just as the exclusion of lexical items and forms of speech from Persian and Brajbhasha established what Urdu was not.

scholarly journals GERMAN YOUTH SLANG

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Khrustaleva ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Social Relations ◽  
Linguistic Competence ◽  
Literary Language ◽  
Everyday Language

Young people react most vividly to all events in life. New forms of social relations to a certain extent affect it, as the socially most promising stratum of society, whose linguistic competence and speech behavior largely determines the direction of development of other social subsystems of language, including the spoken and literary language. Youth slang as an everyday language of communication among young people is a kind of indicator of their level of development, interests, tastes and needs. Students' speech is most influenced and changed

scholarly journals CONTACT BETWEEN DIALECTS AND THE ITALIAN LITERARY LANGUAGE AT THE CONTEMPORARY STAGE OF DEVELOPMENT OF THE LANGUAGE SYSTEM OF ITALY

2017 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
pp. 140-148
Author(s):  
Iryna Rayevska
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Development ◽  
Literary Language ◽  
Italian Language ◽  
Language System ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
Italian Dialects

The article focuses on the study and analysis of the linguistic situation in modern Italy and the process of interference and interaction between dialects and the literary Italian language and vice versa. Complex coexistence of the literary Italian language and Italian dialects is described taking into consideration different extralinguistic factors such as historic, social and cultural development that cause the changes and influence the development of the linguistic situation in the country.

scholarly journals Language Standard and French Literary Language According to Sociolinguistics

2018 ◽  
pp. 239-253
Author(s):  
D. Khaidar
Keyword(s):  
Broad Sense ◽  
French Language ◽  
Dynamic Aspect ◽  
Literary Language ◽  
Narrow Sense ◽  
Language System ◽  
Essential Value ◽  
Communicative Act

The article is focusing on the problems of standards, the peculiarities of functioning of modern French language, such as situational variability which influences the choice of certain language unit according to a situation of the communicative act. This research is relevant since the essential value is given to the study of the language norm at all levels of language organization – grammatical, lexical, phonetic. Together with development of the speech, with emergence of new features in it, its norm is modified as well. In other words, the norm needs to be considered not in a statics, but in dynamics, in view of “dynamic aspect of norm”. In linguistics the term “norm” is used in two ways – broad sense and narrow. In a broad sense, the norm is a traditionally and spontaneously established methods of language that distinguish one language system from the others (in this sense, the norm is close to the concept of “usage”, i.e. generally accepted, well-established ways of using this language). In the narrow sense, the norm is the result of purposeful codification of a language. Such understanding of norm is closely connected with a concept of the literary language which otherwise could be called normalized or codified language.

scholarly journals TURKIC LEXICOGRAPHY: ACHIEVEMENTS AND UPCOMING TASKS

2020 ◽  
pp. 170-179
Author(s):  
G. Sagidolda ◽  
◽  
G. Zhylkybay ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ages ◽  
Literary Language ◽  
Grammatical Structure ◽  
Sound System ◽  
Language System ◽  
Independent Form ◽  
Fundamental Research ◽  
Single Branch ◽  
The Middle Ages

Since the 50s of the XX century, fundamental research has been published to study the vocabulary, grammatical structure and sound system of modern languages, which are the heirs of the ancient Kipchak language - Kazakh, Karakalpak, Nogai, Bashkir, Tatar, Karaim, Kumuk, Karachay, Balkar, etc. The science of linguistics was formed in each of them. The sound, lexical and grammatical structure of the language system has become an independent form of phonetics, morphology, syntax, lexicology, phraseology, lexicography and other branches, which are subdivided into phonology, morphology, text syntax, terminology, onomastics, historical lexicology, lexicography, etc.). Thus, in the linguistics of a single branch of language, the language of medieval Turkic monuments was studied in terms of its relation to that language. Faced with the problems of linguistic Kipchak studies, the language of works written in the ancient Kipchak literary language in the Middle Ages is divided into today's Kazakh, Karakalpak, Bashkir, Tatar, Nogai, Kumuk, Karachay, Balkar, Kyrgyz and others, obliges to form the basis of comparative-historical lexicology of Kipchak languages, studied at the intersection of "history: language: culture" with each of the dozens of Kipchak languages.

scholarly journals COMPATIBILITY AS A MEANS OF DETERMINING LEXICAL MEANING OF DIALECT WORDS: BASED ON THE POLYSEMANTIC ADJECTIVE "PARNOI" IN THE DIALECTS OF OLD BELIEVERS OF THE AMUR REGION

2017 ◽  
pp. 5-14
Author(s):  
Nina G. Arkhipova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Semantic Content ◽  
Amur Region ◽  
Literary Language ◽  
Word Meanings ◽  
Lexical Meaning ◽  
Distinctive Features ◽  
Old Believers ◽  
Language System ◽  
Lexical Semantic ◽  
Born Baby

The problem of differentiating all-Russian and dialect vocabulary, the latter being based on all-Russian one, is traditionally one of the most discussed in dialect studies and dialect lexicography. In the dialects of Old Believers of the Amur region there is a large group of adjectives possessing structural and semantic characteristics different from the corresponding ones of the words of the literary language. Lexical-semantic content of dialect adjectives determined by the nature of their compatibility with the noun and synonymy, antonymy, hypo/hypernymy etc relations within the language system, reveals their distinctive features. Distinctive function of compatibility is largely performed while differentiating between lexical-semantic variants of all-Russian and dialect adjectives. The results of the study of a polysemic adjective parnoi indicate its special lexicographic status characterized by limited use in the literary language and wider compatibility in dialects, besides it did not appear in early Russian manuscripts. In addition to traditional meanings of ‘fresh’, ‘humid, hot, stuffy’, ‘melted’, the adjective parnoi demonstrated unexpected meanings determined by the following compatibility: parnoi rebjonok (newly-born baby) and parnaja rodilnitsa (a woman who has just given birth to a child). The obtained results have certain implication for illustrating word meanings in dictionaries more adequately.

THE ROLE AND ATTITUDE OF UZBEK DIALECTS IN THE STANDARD LANGUAGE SYSTEM(BAYSUN DISTRICT ON THE EXAMPLE OF THE SOUND “J” DIALECTS)

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 98-103
Author(s):  
Muyassar Kholova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Literary Language ◽  
Standard Language ◽  
Language System ◽  
The Common

This article will discuss the role of the dialect and its relation to the literary language, concerning the transfer of the dialect in the corpus, as well as opinions on the relevance in the explanatory dictionary.The article reflects the author's scientific views, based on the previously existing scientific views of scientists of world dialectology about how the word regiolect relates to dialect or regiolect terms in the explanatory dictionary. The scope of the dialects, the evaluation of literary language as a source of systematic enrichment of the common dialect from the ancient language and the ancient Uzbek literary language more phonetic, partly lexical-grammatical taxonomy of the works of this period and published monolingual dictionaries in 2006-2008, 2020 compared and justified theoretically

About the language of scientific research

2021 ◽  
pp. 147-154
Author(s):  
O. E. Frolova
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Research ◽  
Literary Language ◽  
Everyday Language ◽  
Scientific Discourses ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Concept Of Truth ◽  
The Relationship

The article examines the relationship between the words foundation, purpose, truthfulness, reliability, truth, falsehood, which make up the logical-verbal framework of scientific research. In order to avoid misunderstandings between the author and the addressee, they must obey the convention that the words of the literary language and the highly specialized and logical terms have the same meanings. The author and addressee must also agree on how the chain of reasoning is constructed and understood. The word foundation is the basis, the support of reasoning, the word goal is the image of the result. The adjective reliable can only refer to verified information, proven fact. The words truthful and reliable are not synonyms and cannot be used interchangeably without prejudice to the meaning of the statement. The concept of truth is interpreted as the correspondence of the statement to extralinguistic reality. The article shows the difference between the meanings of the words truth and falsehood in everyday and scientific discourses, these words in everyday language are antonyms, and in the language of logic they include an intermediate link when the truth is not proven. 

scholarly journals Life Contribution of Academic Prof. Dr. Gjovalin Shkurtaj to the Albanian Language University Texts

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 63
Author(s):  
Flamur Shala
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Academic Writing ◽  
Literary Language ◽  
Language System

This paper includes the contribution of prof. Gjovalin Shkurtaj to the Albanian language university textbooks, who is known as a dialectologist and a researcher of language culture issues, sociolinguistics and Albanian onomastics. This paper also covers his contribution to the collection of the dialectal Albanian language to better understand the spoken Albanian language system: in phonetics, morphology, syntax and in its lexicon. Gjovalin Shkurtaj is well-known for writing university textbooks such as "Sociolinguistics", "Dialectology", "Language Culture", "How to write Albanian", which are related to: Dialectological studies, one of the basic requirements to achieve standardization and enrichment of the Albanian literary language; Sociolinguistic studies, based on the study of language in relation to society; Language culture, based on the standardized language norm as an issue of today's sociolinguistics; Academic writing, based on language culture and using literary norms accurately Key words: Contribution, Texts, University, Sociolinguistics, Language Culture, Academic Writing.

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