Dry matter yield response of pasture grass to application of Nemafos (thionazin).

1972 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 81-96
Author(s):  
G.C. Ennik
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Favourable Effect ◽  
Direct Stimulation ◽  
Pasture Grass ◽  
Yield Responses ◽  
Better Than ◽  
Main Factor ◽  
Stimulation Of

Results of several field trials on the response of permanent grass swards and of sown swards with and without clover to application of thionazin (as Nemafos) at about 8 ml/m2 before each cut are described. Where N was the main factor limiting growth, plots with Nemafos grew better than the controls because of an increase in available soil N. At high levels of N, growth was improved because of direct stimulation of regrowth after cutting. Nemafos had a favourable effect, which lasted longer with successive cuts, on the development and vigour of tillers. The yield responses were unrelated to control of nematodes. [See also HbA 39, 422]. (Abstract retrieved from CAB Abstracts by CABI’s permission)

Gibberellic acid and the growth of crop plants

1958 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-59 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. G. Morgan ◽  
G. C. Mees
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Gibberellic Acid ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Natural Growth ◽  
Nitrogenous Fertilizer ◽  
Sodium Calcium ◽  
Normal Green ◽  
Stimulation Of

1. Field trials with gibberellic acid on grass, wheat, potatoes, turnips, carrots, peas, runner beans, lettuce, celery, blackcurrants, kale and maize are described. The effects on plant growth and crop yield were determined.2. The experiments on grassland were carried out between July 1953 and June 1956, and included trials at four different centres. They all gave essentially similar results.3. 2 oz. per acre of gibberellic acid sprayed at 100 gal. per acre stimulated the growth of all components of the swards. The stimulation was most clearly seen in spring and autumn when the natural growth rate was slow. At these times gibberellic acid was able to produce a grazeable growth of grass more rapidly than nitrogenous fertilizers. The stimulation of growth was accompanied by yellowing of the grass, but recovery to a normal green colour was speeded up by applying a nitrogenous fertilizer at the same time as the gibberellic acid spray.4. The dry-matter yields at the first cut following a treatment with gibberellic acid were increased by 0·6–10·8 cwt. per acre. The crude protein yields were also increased by the treatment, but to a relatively smaller degree, and the protein content of the grass was reduced by between ½ and 2%. The contents of phosphorus, potassium, sodium, calcium, barium, magnesium, manganese, copper, aluminium and tin were not altered.

A comparison of the yield responses of four grasses to a wide range of nitrogen application rates

1985 ◽  
Vol 105 (2) ◽  
pp. 381-387 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Reid
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Growth Curves ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Dry Matter Yield ◽  
Meadow Fescue ◽  
Nitrogen Rate ◽  
Yield Data ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Yield Responses ◽  
Nitrogen Rates

SUMMARYThe yield results are reported for an experiment in which 21 rates of nitrogen fertilizer were applied on pure-sown swards of four grasses, S. 24 and Barvestra perennial ryegrass, S. 37 cocksfoot and S. 53 meadow fescue. Growth curves fitted to the herbage yield data for each grass in each year are presented. On average the total dry-matter yield curves for the two ryegrasses were similar to one another, but showed a slightly smaller response to nitrogen rates below 300 kg/ha than did S. 23 ryegrass in an earlier experiment, and a more rapid decrease in response at higher rates. S. 37 cocksfoot had a similar dry-matter yield response to the ryegrasses at the low nitrogen rates, but the response decreased more rapidly at nitrogen rates over 250 kg/ha. The dry-matter yield response of S. 53 fescue decreased even more rapidly with nitrogen rates over 200 kg/ha. The mean estimates of the optimal nitrogen rate for each of the four grasses, i.e. the nitrogen rate at which the dry-matter response had decreased to 10 kg/kg N, was 380, 372, 357 and 327 kg N/ha for S. 24, Barvestra, S. 37 and S. 53 respectively, compared with 409 kg/ha for S. 23 ryegrass in the earlier experiment.

scholarly journals Effect of nitrogen fertiliser rate on production and nitrogen leaching from Italian ryegrass following a maize silage crop

2003 ◽  
pp. 133-137
Author(s):  
A.A. Judge ◽  
R.N. Jensen ◽  
M.S. Sprosen ◽  
S.F. Ledgard ◽  
E.R. Thom ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Lolium Multiflorum ◽  
Nitrogen Leaching ◽  
Italian Ryegrass ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
N Leaching ◽  
Silt Loam ◽  
Significant Treatment ◽  
Leaching Losses ◽  
Yield Responses

Dry matter (DM) yield responses and field nitrogen (N) leaching losses were assessed following the application of 4 rates of N fertiliser to an Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum) crop grown after maize. The trial was conducted on a free-draining Horotiu silt loam (typic orthic allophanic soil) at Dexcel's Scott Farm near Hamilton, New Zealand. The grass was direct dr illed into maize stubble on 13 April 2002. Small plots received a total of 0, 40, 100 or 160 kg N/ha as urea, split into 4 equal applications from May to July. Total DM production over 24 weeks for the 0, 40, 100 or 160 kg N/ha treatments was 2730, 3487, 4238 and 4840 kg DM/ha, respectively. Additional kg DM produced/kg N applied was 19, 15 and 13, respectively. The 'apparent' proportion of applied N removed in the herbage from all plots was 55- 60%. Herbage nitrate-N concentrations exceeded the commonly accepted critical level of 0.21% on the 160 kg N/ha treatment at the first harvest on 3 July 2002, when only half of each N rate had been applied. There were no significant treatment differences in leaching losses (range 17-34 kg N/ha). Italian ryegrass grown on a silt loam soil after maize showed an almost linear yield response to N fertiliser over the range 40-160 kg N/ha, without increased inorganic N leaching. Further work is necessary to confirm these results and to establish whether or not higher rates of N fertiliser can be used to increase winter dry matter yields from Italian ryegrass, without increasing N leaching losses. Keywords: annual ryegrass, dairy systems, double cropping, nitrogen leaching

Meta-analysis of soybean yield response to foliar fungicides evaluated from 2005 to 2018 in the United States and Canada

Plant Disease ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuba Raj Kandel ◽  
Catherine L. Hunt ◽  
Keith A Ames ◽  
Nicholas Arneson ◽  
Carl Bradley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Random Effect ◽  
The United States ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Application Date ◽  
Economic Analyses ◽  
Meta Analyses ◽  
Yield Responses ◽  
Spray Control

Random-effect meta-analyses were performed on data from 240 field trials conducted between 2005 and 2018 across nine U.S. states and Ontario, Canada, to quantify the yield response of soybean after application of foliar fungicides at beginning pod (R3). Meta-analysis showed that the overall mean yield response when fungicide was used compared to not applying a fungicide was 2.7% (110 kg/ha). Moderator variables were also investigated and included fungicide group, growing season, planting date, and base yield, which all significantly influenced the yield response. There was also evidence that precipitation from the time of planting to the R3 growth stage influenced yield when fungicide was used (P = 0.059). Fungicides containing a premix of active ingredients from multiple groups (either two or three ingredients) increased the yield by 3.0% over not applying a fungicide. The highest and lowest yield responses were observed in 2005 and 2007, respectively. Better yield response to fungicides (a 3.0% increase) occurred when soybeans were planted not later than 21 May and when total precipitation between planting and the R3 application date was above historic averages. Temperatures during the season did not influence the yield response . Yield response to fungicide was higher (a 4.7% increase) in average yield category (no spray control yield 2878 to 3758 kg/ha) and then gradually decreased with increasing base yield. Partial economic analyses indicated that use of foliar fungicides is less likely to be profitable when foliar diseases are absent or at low levels.

scholarly journals CORN RESPONSE TO RESIDUAL N FROM UREA AND MANURES APPLIED IN PREVIOUS YEARS

1987 ◽  
Vol 67 (4) ◽  
pp. 931-942 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. G. BEAUCHAMP
Keyword(s):  
Poultry Manure ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Chemical Fertilizers ◽  
Potential Yield ◽  
Decay Series ◽  
Residual N ◽  
Second Year ◽  
Yield Responses

The response of corn (Zea mays L.) to residual N from several manures and urea was determined in the first and second years following application. Grain yields were obtained from six field trials conducted over a 12-yr period at the Elora Research Station. Manures or urea were applied at several rates during 1 or more years followed by 2 yr (3 yr for one trial) of yield measurements when N treatments were not applied. During the years when corn grain yield response to residual N was determined, one-half of each plot received 120 kg N ha−1 as anhydrous ammonia. This provided a potential yield which was used to evaluate a residual "organic manure" effect or the effect of manure in increasing yields over those obtained only with chemical fertilizers including N. The results indicated that yield responses from residual N from liquid dairy cattle manure and solid beef manure were considerably lower than that from liquid poultry manure and urea in the first year. In the second year there was only a small response from residual N from any of the sources. These results were used to formulate a "decay series" which agreed generally with several published decay series in that response to residual N decreased in a curvilinear manner. Residual N appeared to be less available than predicted by published decay series especially after the second year. There was no clear evidence in this study that manures provided an additional "organic manuring" effect of increasing yields over those obtained only with chemical fertilizers. Key words: Residual manure N, organic manuring effects, decay series

scholarly journals A Quantitative Synthesis of the Efficacy and Profitability of Conventional and Biological Fungicides for Botrytis Fruit Rot Management on Strawberry in Florida

Plant Disease ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 103 (10) ◽  
pp. 2505-2511
Author(s):  
Leandro G. Cordova ◽  
Felipe Dalla Lana ◽  
Pierce A. Paul ◽  
Natalia A. Peres
Keyword(s):  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Fruit Rot ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Quantitative Synthesis ◽  
Yield Difference ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Yield Responses

Botrytis fruit rot (BFR) is a major disease that affects strawberry production in Florida and worldwide. BFR management relies on frequent fungicide applications. A meta-analysis was conducted on the outcomes from nine field trials to evaluate the efficacy and profitability of conventional and biological fungicides compared with a nontreated control (NTC). All trials were conducted in Florida between the 2005/06 and 2016/17 growing seasons. Fungicide treatments were applied weekly, and plots were harvested twice a week for yield and BFR incidence quantification. Treatments were grouped into four categories: NTC, multisite only (Thiram), Standard (captan alternated with fludioxonil + cyprodinil), and Bacillus. Following primary analyses, a random effects network meta-analytical model was fitted to estimate the mean yield and BFR incidence responses for each treatment group and to compare means between pairs of groups. The Thiram and the Standard treatment groups increased yield by 378.8 and 502.2 kg/ha/week, respectively, compared with the NTC. The yield difference between Bacillus and NTC was not statistically significant. Besides increasing yield, Thiram and Standard also reduced BFR incidence by approximately 10% compared with the NTC. The mean yield responses and among-study variability from the meta-analysis were used to estimate the probability of a given yield response in a new future trial. The Standard and Thiram treatment groups showed higher estimated probabilities of increasing yield and resulting in a profitable return on application investments than the Bacillus group of treatments. The results from this study provide growers with information that will aid their decision-making process regarding BFR management.

PREDICTION DES BESOINS EN ENGRAIS N, P et K DES LEGUMES CULTIVES EN SOL MINERAL: LES CHOUX

1983 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 113-123
Author(s):  
EMILE CHAMBERLAND
Keyword(s):  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Brussels Sprouts ◽  
High K ◽  
Fertilizer Recommendations ◽  
Mineral Soils ◽  
Yield Responses ◽  
K Fertilization

The objective of this study was to verify and improve the accuracy of fertilizer recommendations for growing cole crops on mineral soils. To achieve this end, 21 field trials were conducted on 12 soils during 1978–1981; of these trials, 13 were performed with late cabbage and Brussels sprouts and eight early cabbage and brocoli. The test crops were fertilized at four rates of N, P and K, and yield responses were related to soil test values. The Cate-Nelson iteration method was used to partition soils into three different classes according to their yield response to fertilization. Furthermore, polynomial and Mitscherlich equations were fitted to yield versus soil K and P data. These procedures suggested that fertilizer recommendations would be more precise by classifying these crops into early- and late-maturing groups. Accordingly, the recommended fertilization rates for soils containing a deficient or medium P supply were 70 and 80 kg P/ha for early and late crops, respectively. A clear yield response by early cabbage to K fertilization was indicated for soils containing a medium K supply; on these soils maximum yields would be achieved with an application of about 180 kg K/ha. On the other hand late cabbage and Brussels sprouts apparently only needed about 120 kg K/ha to achieve maximum yields on the same class of soils. While an increase in yields attributable to K fertilization is unlikely on soils containing a low and high K supply, a rate of 120 kg K/ha is nonetheless recommended to ensure maximum yield and maintain soil fertility levels. As regards N-fertilization, maximum yields early and late crop were produced with 160 and 180 kg N/ha, respectively. Key words: Fertilizer, N, P, K, vegetables, cabbages

EFFECTS OF SODIUM BARBITAL ADMINISTRATION ON PERFORMANCE AND RATION DIGESTIBILITY OF YOUNG RUMINANTS

1988 ◽  
Vol 68 (4) ◽  
pp. 1187-1194
Author(s):  
J. R. SEOANE ◽  
J. VIRCHEZ ◽  
A.-M. CHRISTEN
Keyword(s):  
Oral Administration ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Feed Additives ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Direct Stimulation ◽  
Sodium Barbital ◽  
Daily Gain ◽  
Better Than

In a first experiment, nine lambs and nine kids newly born were used to study the effect of oral administration of sodium barbital (SB) on performance during weaning. All animals received three doses of SB (0,30 and 60 mg d−1) during weaning and 3 wk postweaning. During the 7-day weaning period, total dry matter intake (TDMI), in terms of percentage of body weight, was higher for animals receiving 30 or 60 mg of SB as compared to controls (P < 0.01). Average daily gain (ADG) of animals receiving SB was twice that of controls (P < 0.01), lambs performing better than kids (228 vs. 119 g, respectively, P < 0.01). Average feed conversion (FC) was also better for lambs than for kids (0.98 vs. 1.54 respectively, P < 0.01). After weaning, TDMI was higher in animals receiving SB (P < 0.03), with no differences observed between doses and species; however, treatment effects were apparent mainly during the first week and disappeared gradually afterwards. During the first week postweaning, ADG and FC were superior for animals receiving SB (P < 0.01 and P < 0.05, respectively). During this period, ADG of lambs was 78% higher than that of kids (P < 0.01). Apparent digestibilities of dry matter, crude protein and lipids were similar for all treatments and species. In a second experiment, eight lambs and eight kids were used to determine if oral administration of SB stimulates feed intake of growing ruminants. Lambs (30–45 kg) received 0, 120 or 160 mg of SB and kids (20–28 kg) were given 0, 80 or 100 mg of SB daily. Feed intake of lambs was not affected by administration of SB. Kids, however, ingested higher amounts of concentrate during the first 3 h after administration of 80 mg of SB. Daily feed intake was not affected. It appears that polyphagic-type drugs can be used effectively as feed additives during weaning to improve animal performance. The effect seems to be by a direct stimulation of feed intake without affecting ration digestibility. Key words: Barbiturate feeding, lambs, kids, polyphagia.

Poor incorporation of lime limits grain yield response in wheat

2006 ◽  
Vol 46 (11) ◽  
pp. 1481 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. J. Scott ◽  
N. E. Coombes
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Rank Order ◽  
Soil Disturbance ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
First Year ◽  
Lime Application ◽  
Direct Drilling ◽  
Yield Responses ◽  
Incorporation Method

Thorough mixing of lime with the soil is a standard recommendation for lime application. However, the implements and passes that may be used to achieve this in Australian cereal farming are unclear. Therefore, 2 experiments were conducted to examine the incorporation of lime applied at 0, 2 and 5 t/ha using a range of different agricultural implements and numbers of cultivation events. Shoot dry matter and grain yield of wheat were measured in the year of lime application in both experiments. The plots were resown to wheat in the following season by direct drilling, and measurements were repeated. In a dry season, high soil disturbance (rotary hoe and disc harrow) improved the response of wheat to lime in the first year of experiment 1. In experiment 2, rainfall was higher, and the advantage from thorough incorporation was less clear. However, the rank order of incorporation methods and lime responsiveness was positively correlated with that in experiment 1 for both dry matter and grain yield; thorough incorporation tended to give better responses to lime than ‘poor’ incorporation (light harrowing). In the second year of experiment 1 there was limited evidence of the influence of incorporation method on lime response. In the second season of both experiments the effects of incorporation method on lime response had dissipated or other effects were more important. We found that to maximise grain yield responses to lime, the most effective incorporation was achieved with a disc harrow or with multiple passes with a tined implement (scarifier). Incorporation limited to a light harrow was inadequate. However, any effects of method of incorporation reduced or disappeared in the following season, even when direct drilling was used and there was limited further soil disturbance.

Liming effects on the response of potatoes and oats to phosphorus, potassium and magnesium fertilizers

1977 ◽  
Vol 89 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-93 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Bolton
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Acid Soils ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Clay Loam ◽  
Flowering Stage ◽  
Available Nutrients ◽  
Mature Leaves ◽  
Ph Range ◽  
Yield Responses

SummaryIn two long-term liming experiments on a sandy-clay loam at Rothamsted and a loamy sand at Woburn the responses of potatoes in 1974 and oats in 1975 to cumulative dressings of superphosphate and potassium chloride applied since 1962 and magnesium sulphate applied in 1974 were measured at four pH levels within the range pH 4–pH 7.Yields of both crops were similar over the whole pH range when standard rates of NPKMg fertilizers were given. Without added P and Mg, yields of potatoes were much smaller on the more acid soils, but without K, yields were larger. A similar pattern of yield responses to P and Mg fertilizers occurred with oats but there were no differences between the small responses to K additions over the whole pH range.Analyses of potato leaves sampled at the 10% flowering stage showed differences related to the yield effects for K and Mg but not for P. Yield responses were associated with concentrations less than 4% K and 0·18% Mg in the dry matter of topmost fully mature leaves.The differences in yield response caused by liming were not associated with differences in ‘available’ nutrients in the soils (determined using standard methods).

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