COVID-19 symptoms-does pregnancy alter the course of the disease

Background: COVID-19 or corona virus 2 is a widespread pandemic taking a huge toll on the world population.it has a varied presentation in different age groups. Similarly, it has a poorer outcome in the elderly with various comorbidities and those who are immunocompromised. Though pregnancy is a relatively immunocompromised state studies have found that pregnant women have a less severe presentation. We have tried to assess this aspect of COVID-19 in pregnant women.Methods: We evaluated the records of 158 pregnant women who presented to our hospital from April 2020 till September 2020.Their symptoms at presentation were evaluated. we also noted the outcome of these pregnancies.Results: 16% of these were more than 34 weeks of period of gestation. 65.19% presented without any symptoms. 15.19% presented with fever. 10.75% presented with cough. 8.22% presented with headache. 5.69% presented with sore throat alone. 3.16% presented with breathlessness. 0.63% presented with anosmia alone, loss of taste, severe acute respiratory infection, vomiting, sore throat and breathlessness respectively. 54 patients delivered of which 7 delivered vaginally and there were 47 caesareans. Remaining patients after cure were discharged. There were 3 miscarriages. Two babies were found to be COVID-19 positive from nasopharyngeal swab taken on day 1, however this was a small number to indicate vertical transmission.Conclusion: Our study showed that a large proportion of pregnant patients presented without symptoms.it remains to be evaluated why this is so.it may provide us with clues on how to deal with disease in the general population.

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COVID-19 and excess mortality: Was it possible to lower the number of deaths in Slovenia?

Stanovnistvo ◽

10.2298/stnv2101017j ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 59 (1) ◽

pp. 17-30

Author(s):

Damir Josipovic

Keyword(s):

Mortality Rate ◽

Acute Respiratory Infection ◽

Elderly Population ◽

Excess Mortality ◽

Age Groups ◽

The Elderly ◽

Mortality Pattern ◽

Severe Acute Respiratory Infection ◽

High Share ◽

Excess Deaths

This paper presents new data on the age structure of hospitalised SARI (severe acute respiratory infection) patients, with or without COVID-19, broken down by gender, place of infection, and region. The leading hypothesis that COVID-19 deaths are overestimated despite the high share of excess deaths was confirmed, bringing to light the important issue of the demographic breakdown of the population at risk. Thus, the main reason for the decreasing number of COVID-19 deaths is to be sought within the exhausted demographic pool of the elderly population in 2020, when the mortality rate was 19% higher compared to the previous five-year period (2015-2019). Demographic disparities across regions are immense and statistically explain the differences in the ?infected versus deceased? ratio. The excess mortality in 2020 was unusually high, but the projected value for 2020 based on the mortality pattern across age groups from 2015 to 2019 contributed up to one-third of the surplus. So, for one-quarter of alleged COVID-19 deaths (roughly 600 out of some 3,300 in 2020), death was expected to take place in 2020 anyway.

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Correct Execution of the Nasopharyngeal Swab: A Fundamental Method to Improve Diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 Infection

Journal of Doctoral Nursing Practice ◽

10.1891/jdnp-d-20-00040 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. JDNP-D-20-00040

Author(s):

Giacomo Spinato ◽

Cristoforo Fabbris ◽

Anna Menegaldo ◽

Silvia Marciani ◽

Piergiorgio Gaudioso ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Infectious Diseases ◽

Respiratory Infection ◽

Acute Respiratory Infection ◽

Correct Diagnosis ◽

Video Recording ◽

Nasopharyngeal Swab ◽

Severe Acute Respiratory Infection ◽

The World ◽

Correct Execution ◽

Important Challenge

BackgroundSevere acute respiratory infection Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection has spread all over the world since December 2019. Treatment of the syndrome represents an important challenge for all physicians. Spread prevention relies on a correct diagnosis which is performed with nasopharyngeal swabs.ObjectiveTo describe the proper execution of the swab with a few simple steps.MethodsFigures and video recording.Results:A few simple steps are presented within this paper in order to perform easily nasopharyngeal swab for SARS-Cov-2 diagnosis and for other possible infectious diseases of the airways tract.Conclusions and Implication for NursingNasopharyngeal swab may be performed in an easier way than usually thought. This method may also be used for any other microorganism detection. By following simple steps, a correct diagnosis can easily be obtained.

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Faktor-Faktor yang Mempengaruhi Depresi pada Lansia Pensiunan di Kecamatan Jekan Raya Kota Palangka Raya

Jurnal Surya Medika ◽

10.33084/jsm.v5i1.984 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

pp. 209-220

Author(s):

Syam'ani Syam'ani

Keyword(s):

Elderly People ◽

Employment Status ◽

Selection Criteria ◽

Age Groups ◽

Sampling Technique ◽

The Elderly ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Consecutive Sampling ◽

The World ◽

Day By Day

The population of the population in the world is increasing day by day. One of the age groups that have a significant increase in the elderly group. Projections and data found about the elderly are a concern that is of interest to the whole world because along with the increase in population it is accompanied by physical and psychological problems that accompany it. This study aims to identify factors that affect depression in retired elderly people. The design used in this study uses a research design: "CROSS-SECTIONAL". In this study, the population is elderly retirees who live in the area of Jekan Raya Subdistrict, Palangka Raya City. The sampling technique in this study uses consecutive sampling technique, which is the best type of non-probability sampling, that is, all objects that come sequentially and meet the selection criteria are included in the study until the number of subjects needed is fulfilled, namely as many as 100 people. The results showed that there was no significant relationship between sex (p: 0.671), employment status (p: 0.994), marital status (p: 0.726), education (p: 0.988), and the level of depression in retired civil servants in Jekan Subdistrict Raya Kota Palangka Raya. This research is expected to contribute positively to the management of elderly people with depression so that they are able to adapt to changes that occur due to the aging process.

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Molecular typing and epidemiologic profiles of human metapneumovirus infection among children with severe acute respiratory infection in Huzhou, China

Molecular Biology Reports ◽

10.1007/s11033-021-06776-1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Lei Ji ◽

Liping Chen ◽

Deshun Xu ◽

Xiaofang Wu

Keyword(s):

Respiratory Infection ◽

Acute Respiratory Infection ◽

Epidemiological Data ◽

Human Metapneumovirus ◽

Respiratory Pathogen ◽

Nasopharyngeal Swab ◽

F Gene ◽

Severe Acute Respiratory Infection ◽

Hmpv Infection ◽

High Incidence

Abstract Background Human metapneumovirus (hMPV) is one of the important pathogens in infant respiratory tract infection. However, the molecular epidemiology of hMPV among children < 14 years of age hospitalized with severe acute respiratory infection (SARI) is unclear. We investigated the hMPV infection status and genotypes of children hospitalized with SARI from January 2016 to December 2020 in Huzhou, China. Methods A nasopharyngeal flocked swab, nasal wash, or nasopharyngeal swab/or opharyngeal swab combination sample was collected from children with SARI in Huzhou from January 2016 to December 2020. Quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction was performed to detect hMPV RNA. The hMPV F gene was amplified and sequenced, followed by analysis using MEGA software (ver. 7.0). Epidemiological data were analyzed using Microsoft Excel 2010 and SPSS (ver. 22.0) software. Results A total of 1133 children with SARI were recruited from 2016 to 2020. Among them, 56 (4.94%) were positive for hMPV-RNA. Children < 5 years of age accounted for 85.71% of the positive cases. The hMPV incidence was high in spring and winter, especially in December and January to March. Phylogenetic analysis of the F-gene sequences of 28 hMPV strains showed that the A1, B1, and B2 genotypes were prevalent in Huzhou, and the dominant hMPV genotype varied according to surveillance year. Conclusions HMPV is an important respiratory pathogen in children in Huzhou, with a high incidence in winter and spring in children < 5 years of age. In this study, genotypes A1, B1, and B2 were the most prevalent.

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Temporal Lobe Epilepsy in the Elderly

Epilepsy Research and Treatment ◽

10.1155/2012/641323 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 2012 ◽

pp. 1-5 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

L. E. Morillo

Keyword(s):

Life Expectancy ◽

Temporal Lobe Epilepsy ◽

Temporal Lobe ◽

Age Groups ◽

The Elderly ◽

Bimodal Distribution ◽

Older Age ◽

World Population ◽

Epilepsy In The Elderly ◽

The World

The incidence of epilepsy has bimodal distribution peaking at the extremes of life. Incidence is greater in younger and older age groups (Hauser et al., 1993, Sidenvall et al., 1993, Forsgren et al., 1996, and Olafsson et al., 2005). As the world population ages more elders with epilepsy will be identified. In the high-income countries with longer life expectancy, the number of elders with epilepsy will be even higher. CPSs account for 40% of all seizure types in the elderly (Hauser et al., 1992); however, the proportion with temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) is uncertain.

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Physiotherapy during the Covid-19 pandemic: management of critically ill patients in the ICU and follow-up care

10.52057/erj.v1i1.2 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

pp. 1-8

Author(s):

Clément Médrinal ◽

Tristan Bonnevie ◽

Pauline Smondack ◽

Francis Edouard Gravier ◽

Marius Lebret ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Intensive Care ◽

Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽

Critically Ill ◽

Critically Ill Patients ◽

Acute Respiratory Infection ◽

Care Providers ◽

Severe Acute Respiratory Infection ◽

Follow Up Care ◽

The World

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) which is responsible for the current pandemic and results in a large number of hospitalizations. This highly contagious disease causes severe acute respiratory infection; thus, many patients require management in intensive care. At a time when there is a high influx of patients with COVID-19 in Intensive Care Units (ICU) all over the world, there is little literature concerning the physiotherapy management of these patients. This article provides information based on the latest evidence to help physiotherapists optimize care, to protect patients and care providers in the ICU, and for follow-up care.

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Laboratory Findings of COVID-19 Infection are Conflicting in Different Age Groups and Pregnant Women: A Literature Review

10.1101/2020.04.24.20078568 ◽

2020 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Sina Vakili ◽

Amir Savardashtaki ◽

Sheida Jamalnia ◽

Reza Tabrizi ◽

Mohammad Hadi Nematollahi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Pregnant Women ◽

Clinical Symptoms ◽

Age Groups ◽

The Elderly ◽

Age Difference ◽

Limited Information ◽

Laboratory Findings ◽

Radiologic Findings ◽

Laboratory Results ◽

Wbc Count

AbstractCoronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), a new type and rapidly spread viral pneumonia, is now producing an outbreak of pandemic proportions. The clinical features and laboratory results of different age groups are different due to the general susceptibility of the disease. The laboratory findings of COVID-19 in pregnant women are also conflicting. Para-clinical investigations including laboratory tests and radiologic findings play an important role in early diagnosis and treatment monitoring of severe acute respiratory syndrome and coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). The majority of previous reports on the SARS-CoV-2 laboratory results were based on data from the general population and limited information is available based on age difference and pregnancy status. This review aimed to describe the COVID-19 laboratory findings in neonates, children, adults, elderly and pregnant women altogether for the first time. The most attracting and reliable markers of COVID-19 in patients were: normal C-reactive protein (CRP) and very different and conflicting laboratory results regardless of clinical symptoms in neonates, normal or temporary elevated CRP, conflicting WBC count results and procalcitonin elevation in children, lymphopenia and elevated lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) in adult patients, lymphopenia and elevated CRP and LDH in the elderly people and high CRP, leukocytosis and elevated neutrophil ratio in pregnant women.

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Hepatitis E: Disease in Humans

10.5772/intechopen.94302 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Adriana Turculeanu

Keyword(s):

Acute Hepatitis ◽

Pregnant Women ◽

Organ Transplant ◽

The Elderly ◽

Hepatitis E ◽

Hematologic Malignancies ◽

Hematological Diseases ◽

The World ◽

Acute Hepatitis E ◽

Immunocompetent Patients

Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is one of the 7 viruses with mainly hepatic tropism. HEV determines 20 million new infections worldwide every year, 3.4 million acute hepatitis E and 44,000 deaths in 2015 (3.3% of the mortality due to viral hepatitis). Transmitted by the digestive tract mainly (fecal- orally, particularly by water infected with feces), the virus reaches the liver where it does not have a direct cytolytic effect, but immunological phenomena, especially cellular, activated by the replication of the virus in the hepatocytes. Clinically, over 95% of cases of HEV infection are asymptomatic and sel- limiting; in immunocompetent patients in tropics HEV can cause acute hepatitis with clinical features. On rare situations the infection can result in a severe, fulminant hepatitis with acute liver failure. In immunocompromised patients (organ transplant recipients, hematologic malignancies, HIV-infected) HEV may determine chronic hepatitis. In pregnant women or the elderly people or people with underlying liver disease HEV can cause fulminant forms which can become fatal (E.g.: 30% deaths among pregnant women in some parts of the world). Acute and chronic E hepatitis may be accompanied by extrahepatic manifestations: neurological, kidney, pancreatic, hematological diseases, autoimmune diseases with a pathogenesis not fully elucidated.

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Phylogeography and phylogeny of Rhinoviruses collected from Severe Acute Respiratory Infection (SARI) cases over successive epidemic periods in Tunisia

PLoS ONE ◽

10.1371/journal.pone.0259859 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 16 (11) ◽

pp. e0259859

Author(s):

Sondes Haddad-Boubaker ◽

Cherif Ben Hamda ◽

Kais Ghedira ◽

Khaoula Mefteh ◽

Aida Bouafsoun ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Respiratory Infection ◽

Acute Respiratory Infection ◽

Genetic Relatedness ◽

Phylogenetic Analyses ◽

Genotypic Diversity ◽

Evolutionary Analysis ◽

Northern Tunisia ◽

Severe Acute Respiratory Infection ◽

Epidemic Period ◽

The World

Rhinoviruses (RV) are a major cause of Severe Acute Respiratory Infection (SARI) in children, with high genotypic diversity in different regions. However, RV type diversity remains unknown in several regions of the world. In this study, the genetic variability of the frequently circulating RV types in Northern Tunisia was investigated, using phylogenetic and phylogeographic analyses with a specific focus on the most frequent RV types: RV-A101 and RV-C45. This study concerned 13 RV types frequently circulating in Northern Tunisia. They were obtained from respiratory samples collected in 271 pediatric SARI cases, between September 2015 and November 2017. A total of 37 RV VP4-VP2 sequences, selected among a total of 49 generated sequences, was compared to 359 sequences from different regions of the world. Evolutionary analysis of RV-A101 and RV-C45 showed high genetic relationship between different Tunisian strains and Malaysian strains. RV-A101 and C45 progenitor viruses’ dates were estimated in 1981 and 1995, respectively. Since the early 2000s, the two types had a wide spread throughout the world. Phylogenetic analyses of other frequently circulating strains showed significant homology of Tunisian strains from the same epidemic period, in contrast with earlier strains. The genetic relatedness of RV-A101 and RV-C45 might result from an introduction of viruses from different clades followed by local dissemination rather than a local persistence of an endemic clades along seasons. International traffic may play a key role in the spread of RV-A101, RV-C45, and other RVs.

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Ophthalmological changes in patients with COVID-19 associated pneumonia

Medical Science And Education Of Ural ◽

10.36361/1814-8999-2020-21-4-117-121 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 21 (4) ◽

pp. 117-121

Author(s):

E. N. Kalyuzhnaya ◽

◽

M. N. Ponomareva ◽

I. M. Petrov ◽

A. G. Naymushina ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mortality Rate ◽

Acute Respiratory Infection ◽

Upper Respiratory Tract ◽

Hemodynamic Changes ◽

Severe Acute Respiratory Infection ◽

The World ◽

Upper Respiratory ◽

Definition Of ◽

Chronic Conjunctivitis ◽

Chronic Blepharitis

Definition of COVID-19 (CoronaVirusDesease 2019) is a severe acute respiratory infection caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2). On March 11, 2020, WHO announced the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic. According to Rospotrebnadzor in Russia, the disease is asymptomatic in 23% of patients, 63% have manifestations of acute upper respiratory tract infection, and 14% pneumonia occurs. The average mortality rate in the world is about 3%. The first cases of the disease were reported in Wuhan (Hubei province, in the southeast of China) in December 2019.Despite the measures taken to prevent the spread of the new infection, in February the epidemic covered many countries, including Italy, South Korea, Iran, and in March it turned into a pandemic. Objective: to identify ophthalmological changes in patients who have had COVID-19 associated pneumonia. Materials and methods: 153 patients over 18 years of age with a confirmed diagnosis of COVID-19 associated pneumonia were examined 3 months after discharge from the hospital. Results and discussion: 7.84% – chronic blepharitis, 5.88% – chronic conjunctivitis, 60.0% – dry eye syndrome, 5.8% – degenerative conjunctival changes (5.88%) and 100% changes in conjunctival hemodynamics characteristic of hypercoagulation syndrome. Conclusions: in all cases of observation, a violation of hemodynamic changes in the conjunctiva was detected.

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