A comparative study on post-operative analgesic effect by intrathecal midazolam and neostigmine with control group

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 863
Author(s):  
Rashmi Dubey ◽  
Roseline Ali ◽  
Rashim Vachhani ◽  
Nishant Baghel
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Lower Limbs ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Group I ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Group Ii ◽  
Preservative Free ◽  
Effective Analgesia

Background: Pain happens to be the most common suffering during postoperative period, which is not generally effectively treated. There is good evidence in literature that addition of midazolam to spinal bupivacaine improved postoperative analgesia when compared to spinal bupivacaine alone. Neostigmine represents a novel approach to providing analgesia. Recent studies showed that intrathecal administration of various doses of neostigmine produces analgesia without neurotoxicity. The present study was undertaken to evaluate analgesic effects of intrathecal Midazolam and neostigmine.Methods: The present study was carried out in the department of anaesthesiology, CCM medical college, Durg Chhattisgarh, India during study period August 2015 to July 2016. The study comprised of 60 patients undergoing surgery of lower abdomen below umbilicus (T10) and lower limbs. Patients of age Group between 20-60 years of age of either sex of ASA group I and II were included in the study. Pre-anesthetic evaluation was done prior to surgery. The patients were randomly divided into 3 groups of 20 patients each. Data was compiled in MS excel and checked for its completeness and correctness, then it was analyzed.Results: Mean age in Group I was 39.3+1.5 years. in Group II was 37.8±11.7 years, in Group III was 42.2±13.7 years. In group I maximum 14 patients (70%) had analgesia of less than 4 hours. Mean duration of analgesia was 3.73±0.87 hours. In group II maximum 18 patients (90%) had analgesia 4-8 hours. The mean duration of analgesia was 6.34±1.28 hours. In group III 10 patients (50%) had analgesia of 4-8 hours and 10 patients (50%) had analgesia of 8-12 hours. The mean duration was 8.35±1.36. The difference in VAS score in group in group I and group III is significant. There was no statistically significant change in systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, Pulse rate & respiratory rate attributable to intrathecal Midazolam and neostigmine.Conclusions: Addition of preservative free midazolam to inteathecal bupivacaine prolongs duration of effective analgesia as compared to bupivacaine alone without any side effects. Addition of preservative free neostigmine to intrathecal bupivacaine prolongs duration of effective analgesia and sensory and motor block without any significant side effects.

The Role of sFas in the Immune Escape Mechanism and Progression of Cancer Larynx

2009 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. CMENT.S2565
Author(s):  
Amr A El Badry ◽  
Ismail Elmofty ◽  
Amira Helmy
Keyword(s):  
Serum Level ◽  
Buffy Coat ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Soluble Fas ◽  
Group I ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Cancer Larynx ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Group Ii

This work assess serum levels of soluble Fas form (sFas) in patients with different stages of laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma(LSCC) to investigate its prognostic significance. We correlate its levels with the morphological changes of peripheral blood cells via buffy coat examinatin. The study population included 70 patients clinically diagnosed and pathohistologically confirmed LSCC in addition to 20 healthy controls. According to TNM classification 33(47.1%) patients were in stage I (group I) and 24(34.3%) in stage II (group II), 13(18.5%) in stage III (group III). The results revealed that the mean serum level of sFas (pg/ml) in the control group was 51.2, in group I was 66.33, in group II was 81.33 and in group III was 112.45. Statistical analysis of the mean of sFas by ELISA test in the patients' groups in comparison to the control revealed a significant increase of both group II and III in comparison to the control group (P < 0.01) but there was no significant difference (P > 0.05) between group I in comparison to either the control or group II. There was a significant difference (P < 0.05) between group I in comparison to group III. LM examination revealed massive extent of the apoptotic cells in group III when compared to both group I and group II. EM examination of the buffy coat revealed apoptotic changes, mainly in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMNCs), represented by surface membrane ruffles and blebs with clumped nuclear chromatin and vacuolated cytoplasm. In conclusion, this study may help us to better understand one of the escape mechanisms in cancer larynx. This mechanism is represented by the significant increase in both the serum level of sFas and the morphological apoptotic changes that detected in PBMNCs. Soluble Fas may contribute to the progression of laryngeal cancer. It can be used as an attractive target for anticancer therapy and may be considered as a marker of disease progression and poor prognosis in laryngeal cancer.

scholarly journals High Dose Intrathecal Morphine for Major Abdominal Cancer Surgery: A Prospective Double-Blind, Dose-Finding Clinical Study

2014 ◽  
Vol 3;17 (3;5) ◽  
pp. 255-264
Author(s):  
Hala S. Abdel-Ghaffar
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Respiratory Rate ◽  
Sample Size ◽  
Intrathecal Morphine ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Group I ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Group Ii ◽  
Peripheral Arterial

Background: Despite 30 years of clinical research, we still do not know the optimal dose of intrathecal morphine (ITM) when used alone. Objectives: A safety investigation and comparison of the analgesic efficacy of ITM 0.2 mg, 0.5 mg, and 1 mg in patients undergoing major abdominal cancer surgery. Study Design: A randomized, double-blind trial. Setting: Academic medical center. Methods: Ninety patients were randomly assigned to receive morphine intrathecally either 0.2 mg (Group I, ITM 0.2 mg, n = 30), 0.5 mg (Group II, ITM 0.5 mg, n = 30), or 1 mg (Group III, ITM 1 mg, n = 30) dissolved in 5 mL physiological saline before general anesthesia. Assessment parameters included hemodynamics, respiratory rate, peripheral arterial oxygenation, sedation score, pain severity, time of first analgesic request, total analgesic consumption, and side effects in the first 72 hours. Results: The mean time to first request for rescue analgesia was significantly prolonged in Group II (22.13 ± 5.21 hours, P < 0.001) and Group III (30.83 ± 4.89 h, P < 0.001), compared with Group I (0.50 ± 0.66 hours). The mean tramadol consumption dose was significantly reduced in Group II (383.33 ± 91.28 mg, P < 0.001) and Group III (300 ± 69.48 mg, P < 0.001) compared with Group I (770 ± 114.92 mg). Patients received 1 mg ITM showed lower VAS scores in the first 48 h postoperative (P < 0.04) compared with Group I and Group II. No significant differences were observed in the mean systolic and diastolic blood pressure values, respiratory rate, and peripheral arterial oxygen saturation between groups. Lower mean heart rate values were observed in Group III patients at 6 hours (P < 0.01) and 12 hours (P < 0.03) postoperative compared with Group I and Group II patients. Six patients (20%) in Group II and 8 (26.7%) in Group III exhibited pruritus compared with 2 patients (6.66%) in Group I (P < 0.01). No intergroup statistical differences were observed for other studied side effects. Limitations: This study is limited by its small sample size. Conclusion: One mg ITM provided superior analgesia for 48 hours postoperative compared with 0.2 mg and 0.5 mg ITM with a nonsignificant difference in the incidence of side effects. Further studies of larger sample size are recommended to confirm these findings. Key words: Anesthesia, analgesia, abdominal cancer, opioids, intrathecal, morphine

scholarly journals Performances of two commercially available Newcastle disease vaccines in Bangladesh: A case-control study

2012 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 88-91
Author(s):  
M A Kashem ◽  
M A Hashem ◽  
M H B Kabir ◽  
M I Uddin ◽  
B Hasan
Keyword(s):  
Case Control Study ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Risk Of Infection ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Live Vaccines ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Group I ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Group Ii ◽  
Control Study

The study was conducted to test the performances of two commercially available live vaccines named BCRDV1(VG/GA strain) and BCRDV2 (F-strain). A total of 90 day-old broiler birds were divided into three different  groups and the serum samples were collected at day 1, 7, 14, 21, 28 and 35; mean±SD of Haemgglutination  Inhibition (HI) titres (log2) were found as 8±0.00, 7.2±0.89, 6.1±0.9, 7.1±0.75, 5.7±0.72, 4.1±0.68 and 8±0.00, 6.0±0.76, 4.8±0.81, 5.8±0.83, 4.9±0.86, 3.8±0.77 in group I and group II respectively, which was significant (P< 0.01). In control (group III) the mean±SD was found to be 8±0.00, 5.8±0.87, 4.9±0.69, 4.1±0.48, 3.0±0.56 and  <2±0 respectively. The titres of control group infer that the maternal antibody usually had a tendency to decline and may pose a risk of infection. In protection test, 100% mortality were found in control group (III) but in group I and group II the mortality of birds were 6.67% and 10%, respectively. The analysis of HI titres with the target to determine the performance of two vaccines revealed that BCRDV1 vaccinated groups was able to maintain significantly higher HI titres than BCRDV2 vaccinated group. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjm.v28i2.11823 Bangladesh J Microbiol, Volume 28, Number 2, December 2011, pp 88-91

scholarly journals Attenuation of haemodynamic responses to endotracheal extubation-diltiazem versus lidocaine

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 77
Author(s):  
Shaik Umar Farooq ◽  
B. Sandhya Rani ◽  
Anand Acharya
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Cardiovascular Responses ◽  
Practical Method ◽  
Tracheal Extubation ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Base Line ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Group I ◽  
Group Ii ◽  
Endotracheal Extubation

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> Endotracheal extubation is one of the frequently performed procedure in the practice of anaesthesia. This study was done to observe the haemodynamic responses during tracheal extubation and to compare the efficacy of IV diltiazem 0.2 mg/kg versus IV lidocaine 1 mg/kg in attenuating the hemodynamic response to tracheal extubation.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> 90 patients aged 20 to 60 yrs, belonging to ASA I and II, normotensive were included in the study and they were randomly allocated into 3 groups of 30 each. Group I received normal saline and served as control. Group II received 0.2 mg/kg of IV diltiazem 2 min before extubation. Group III received 1 mg/kg of lidocaine IV 2 min before extubation. At the end of the surgery, heart rate (HR), systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) were recorded served as base line values.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> After tracheal extubation, all the haemodynamic parameters increase from the basal level in the control group and decreased in the study group. The change in HR, SBP and DBP were significantly less in group II and group III compared to group I. The change in HR, SBP and DBP were significantly less in group II compared to group III.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Diltiazem hydrochloride, a calcium channel blocker belongs to the benzothiazepine group given in dose of 0.2 mg/kg IV 2 min before tracheal extubation in ASA grade I and grade II patients is a simple, effective and practical method of blunting cardiovascular responses to tracheal extubation. This suppressive effect of diltiazem was comparable to or even more potent than that of lignocaine 1 mg/kg IV 2 min before tracheal extubation.</p>

scholarly journals Effect of Addition of Sapphire (Aluminium Oxide) or Silver Fillers on the Flexural Strength Thermal Diffusivity and Water Sorption of Heat Polymerized Acrylic Resins

2011 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Veena Jain ◽  
Neelu Arora ◽  
Anoop Chawla ◽  
Vijay Prakash Mathur
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Diffusivity ◽  
Flexural Strength ◽  
Water Sorption ◽  
Aluminium Oxide ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Group I ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Group Ii ◽  
Thermal Diffusivities

ABSTRACT Purpose This work was undertaken to investigate the effect of adding sapphire (aluminium oxide) or silver filler particles on the flexural strength, thermal diffusivity and water sorption of polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) resin. Materials and methods A total of 90 samples were fabricated and divided into three groups (n = 30): Group I-PMMA (control), group II- PMMA with sapphire fillers and group III-PMMA with silver fillers. Each group samples were divided into three subgroups (n=10) according to the properties evaluated. Sub group I: Flexural strength samples (rectangular bars of 65 ⨯ 10 ⨯ 2.5 mm dimensions), sub group II: Thermal diffusivity samples (cylindrical shaped of 9 ⨯ 9 mm dimensions) and sub group III: Water sorption samples (disk shaped of dimensions 50 ⨯ 0.5 mm). Results were analyzed by one-way ANOVA and Bonferroni correction tests (p < 0.05). Results The mean flexural strength of group II (116.5 MPa) was significantly higher while that of group III (77.91 MPa) significantly lower than the control group (88.63 MPa). The mean thermal diffusivities of both group II (0.079 mm/sec) and III (0.123 mm/sec) were found to be significantly higher than the control group (0.062 mm/sec). Both group II (0.59 mg/cm) and group III (0.53 mg/cm) showed significantly less mean water sorption than the control group (0.65 mg/cm). Conclusion As compared to silver fillers, sapphire fillers are purported to be better fillers for the reinforcement of polymethylmethacrylate resin. This is because they have potential as added components in denture bases to provide increased flexural strength, thermal diffusivity and decreased water sorption.

Features of the cervix uteri in women of reproductive age with endometrial polyps and micropolyps

2016 ◽  
pp. 108-111
Author(s):  
T.F. Tatarchuk ◽  
◽  
D.G. German ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Cervix Uteri ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Women Of Reproductive Age ◽  
Endometrial Polyps ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Aggressive Form ◽  
Group I ◽  
Group Ii ◽  
Control Group Group

The article presents the comparative analysis of the state of the cervix in women with endometrial polyps and micropolyps. Patients and methods. The study involved 130 patients aged 18-35 years: 70 patients with endometrial polyps (group I), 30 patients with micropolyps (group II) and 30 patients of the control group (group III). Results. According to the anamnesis of women in the I group were significantly more frequent diseases of the cervix, which corrected physical surgery methods, in particular cryodestruction. In group II, the representatives of these indicators were similar to healthy. Normal colposcopic picture met significantly less frequently in patients and I, and II group. The differences in the incidence of HPV high oncogenic risk in all groups were not statistically significant. Conclusion. Destructive methods used in the detection of any changes in the cervix are often overly aggressive, form scars and contributing to inflamaciones process. In the chain of events leading to the formation of PE, cervical pathology and its correction can take the basic place. Key words: endometrial polyp, micropolyps, chronic endometritis, uterine cervix, colposcopy.

Genoprotective role of vitamin E and selenium in rabbits anaesthetized with sevoflurane

2004 ◽  
Vol 23 (8) ◽  
pp. 413-419 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cetin Kaymak ◽  
Ela Kadioglu ◽  
Hulya Basar ◽  
Semra Sardas
Keyword(s):  
Dna Damage ◽  
Vitamin E ◽  
Comet Assay ◽  
Antioxidant Supplementation ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Sevoflurane Anaesthesia ◽  
Group I ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Group Ii

In this study, genotoxic effects of repeated sevoflurane anaesthesia were investigated in rabbits with or without antioxidant supplementation. Twenty-one New Zealand male rabbits were included in the study and randomized into three groups as: placebo treated (Group I), vitamin E supplemented (Group II) and selenium supplemented (Group III). Vitamin E and selenium were given intraperitoneally for 15 days before anaesthesia treatment. Anaesthesia was administered using 3% sevoflurane in 4 L/min oxygen for a 3-hour period and continued for 3 days. Blood samples were collected before anaesthesia (Sample 1), after the first, second and third days of sevoflurane administration (Sample 2, Sample 3 and Sample 4 respectively) and the last samples were taken 5 days after the last sevoflurane administration (Sample 5). Genotoxic damage was examined using the comet assay. The degree of damage is assessed by grading the cells into three categories of no migration (NM), low migration (LM) and high migration (HM) depending on the fraction of DNA pulled out into the tail under the influence of the electric field. The number of comets in each sample was calculated (1 × number of comets in category NM + 2 × number of comets in category LM + 3 ×number of comets in category HM) and expressed as the total comet score (TCS), which summarizes the damage frequencies. In Group I, a significant increase in the mean TCSs was observed for Samples 3 and 4 as compared with Sample 1. However, there were no significant differences between Samples 1, 2 and 5. The mean TCS of Sample 4 was significantly higher than Sample 1, 2 and 3 in Group II. Group III demonstrated no significant mean TCSs for any experimental conditions. Statistical differences were also observed between the groups with significant P values. This experimental study points out the presence of DNA damage with repeated sevoflurane anaesthesia and the genoprotective role of antioxidant supplementation on DNA damage in mononuclear leukocytes of rabbits by highly sensitive comet assay.

Bone mineral density and spongiosa architecture in correlation to vertebral body insufficiency fractures

1998 ◽  
Vol 39 (5) ◽  
pp. 538-542 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Andresen ◽  
S. Radmer ◽  
D. Banzer
Keyword(s):  
Bone Mineral Density ◽  
Bone Mineral ◽  
Vertebral Body ◽  
Unknown Etiology ◽  
Insufficiency Fractures ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Group I ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Group Ii

Objective: the clinical value of spinal quantitative CT (sQCT) and the structural patterns of the vertebral bone were studied Material and Methods: sQCT was performed on 246 patients with a mean age of 57 years for whom conventional lateral radiographies of the thoracic and lumbar spine were available. All patients were suffering from back pain of unknown etiology. the bone mineral density (BMD) of the midvertebral section of 3 lumbar vertebral bodies was determined by means of single-energy-(SE)-weighted QCT (85 kV). Spongiosa architecture and density profile analyses were made in the axial images. This was contrasted to BMD values ascertained in SE QCT. the mean BMD was compared to the number of fractures and the patients were divided into three groups: group I — no fracture; group II — one fracture; and group III 1 fracture Results: the mean BMD was: 134.3 (74.1–187.5) mg hydroxyapatite (HA)/ml in group I; 79.6 (58.6–114.3) mg HA/ml in group II; and 52.4 (13.1–79.1)mg HA/ml in group III. A significant deterioration in spongiosa structure was found with increasing demineralization: strongly rarefied patterns predominated in the fracture groups II and III Conclusion: sQCT provides a good risk assessment of the occurrence of vertebral body insufficiency fractures

Seasonal variations in wool growth and heat tolerance of sheep. I. Wool growth

1960 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 75 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Wodzicka
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Day Treatment ◽  
The Other ◽  
Seasonal Rhythm ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Wool Growth ◽  
Group I ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Group Ii ◽  
The Difference

The monthly wool growth of three groups of rams was studied at Beltsville, Maryland. Group I received natural daylight (at 38° 53' N.) and was shorn monthly. Group II had a 7:17 hours of daylight to hours of darkness rhythm and was shorn every 6 months, once in winter and once in summer. Group III received natural daylight and was likewise shorn every 6 months. The rams of all groups produced more wool in summer than in winter. This difference was significant (P<0.001). The mean body weight and food intake were both greater in the winter months, which indicated that the seasonal rhythm of wool growth was not a consequence of poorer feeding in winter. The rams which were shorn monthly (group I) grew considerably more wool than the other two groups, but the difference was not statistically significant. The short-day treatment of group II did not increase the annual wool production nor decrease the seasonal rhythm of wool growth. The balance of evidence from this and other experiments indicates that temperature rather than light controls the seasonal rhythm of wool growth.

scholarly journals Irisin levels in relation to metabolic and liver functions in Egyptian patients with metabolic syndrome

2016 ◽  
Vol 94 (4) ◽  
pp. 359-362 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fatma H. Rizk ◽  
Samah A. Elshweikh ◽  
Amira Y. Abd El-Naby
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Liver Enzymes ◽  
Resistance Index ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Group I ◽  
Elevated Liver Enzymes ◽  
Liver Functions ◽  
Group Ii

Irisin is a new myokine that is suspected to influence metabolic syndrome (MetS). However, there is a great controversy with respect to its level in cases of MetS and its correlation with different metabolic parameters. The present study assesses irisin levels in MetS patients and studies its relationship to metabolic and liver functions to evaluate the possible role of the liver in regulation of this level. Sixty subjects were included in this experiment, who were divided into 3 groups: group I (normal control), group II (MetS patients with normal liver enzymes), and group III (MetS with elevated liver enzymes and fatty liver disease). Serum irisin levels showed significant increases in groups II and III compared with group I, and significant increases in group III compared with group II. Also, irisin levels were positively correlated with body mass index, serum triglycerides, homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR), and liver enzymes. We concluded that serum irisin levels increased in patients with MetS, especially those with elevated liver enzymes, and had a positive correlation with parameters of lipid metabolism and glucose homeostasis with the possibility of hepatic clearance to irisin.

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