scholarly journals Hypertension and Diabetes as a risk factor for dementia: a cross sectional study

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (9) ◽  
pp. 3337
Author(s):  
Arshad Yahya ◽  
Robina Shamim ◽  
Kuljeet S. Anand
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Vascular Dementia ◽  
Statistical Tests ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
World Health ◽  
P Value ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional

Background: A relation between possible cardiovascular risk factors (hypertension and diabetes) and dementia has been studied in the past and an association has been documented, in spite of some studies pointing to the contrary. Our purpose is to analyze the relation between these risk factors and dementia and add some information to the existing concept and will try to conceptualize the pathogenesis of dementia.Methods: This was a cross sectional study. Patients were recruited from amongst those presenting to our department by convenient consecutive sampling method after taking consent. Five hundred patients of different types of dementia were enrolled. Hypertension was diagnosed using JNC7 criteria. World health organization (WHO) diagnostic criteria were used to diagnose diabetes mellitus. The open Epi software version 3 was used to find the absolute values after preparing 2×2 table. Continuous quantitative data were analyzed using chi square test. Odds ratio and Risk ratio were also calculated. For all statistical tests, a p Value less than 0.05 was taken to indicate significance.Results: Study provides the strong positive association of hypertension (HTN) and diabetes mellitus (DM) with vascular dementia (VaD) but the relationship of these risk factors were not positively correlated with other dementia. Conclusions: Positive association of these risk factors with vascular dementia were found but not with the other types of dementia.

scholarly journals Factors Associated with Poor Glycemic and Lipid Levels in Ambulatory Diabetes Mellitus Type 2 Patients in Asmara, Eritrea: A Cross-Sectional Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oliver Okoth Achila ◽  
Millen Ghebretinsae ◽  
Abraham Kidane ◽  
Michael Simon ◽  
Shewit Makonen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Waist Circumference ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Specific Lipid

Objective. There is a dearth of relevant research on the rapidly evolving epidemic of diabetes mellitus (particularly Type 2 diabetes mellitus) in sub-Saharan Africa. To address some of these issues in the Eritrean context, we conducted a cross-sectional study on glycemic and lipid profiles and associated risk factors. Methods. A total of 309 patients with diabetes mellitus on regular follow-up at the Diabetic and Hypertensive Department at Halibet Regional Referral Hospital, Asmara, were enrolled for the study. Data on specific clinical chemistry and anthropomorphic parameters was collected. Chi-squared (χ2) test or Fischer’s exact test was used to evaluate the relationship between specific variables. Multivariate logistic regression (backward: conditional) was undertaken to identify the factors associated with increased odds of suboptimal values in glucose and specific lipid panel subfractions. Results. High proportions of patients (76.7%) had suboptimal levels of HbA1c with a mean±SD of 8.6%±1.36, respectively. In multivariate regression analysis, the likelihood of HbA1c≥7% was higher in patients with abnormal WHR (AOR=3.01, 95% CI, 3.01 (1.15–7.92=0.024)) and in patients without hypertension (AOR=1.97, 95% CI (1.06–3.56), p=0.021). A unit reduction in eGFR was also associated with HbA1c≥7% (AOR=0.99, 95% CI (0.98–1=0.031)). In a separate analysis, the data shows that 80.9% of the patients had dyslipidemia. In particular, 62.1% of the patients had TC≥200 mg/dL (risk factors: sex, hypertension, and HbA1c concentration), 81.6% had LDL‐C≥100 mg/dL (risk factors: sex and hypertension), 56.3% had TG≥150 (risk factors: sex, HbA1c, and waist circumference), 62.8% had abnormal HDL-C (risk factors: waist circumference), 78.3% had non‐HDL<130 mg/dL (risk factors: duration of disease, reduced estimated glomerular filtration rate, and HbA1c), and 45.3% had abnormal TG/HDL (risk factors: sex, age of patient, FPG, and waist circumference). Conclusions. The quality of care, as measured by glycemic and specific lipid targets, in this setting is suboptimal. Therefore, there is an urgent need for simultaneous improvements in both indicators. This will require evidence-based optimization of pharmacological and lifestyle interventions. Therefore, additional studies, preferably longitudinal studies with long follow-up, are required on multiple aspects of DM.

scholarly journals Diabetes Mellitus and Its Associated Risk Factors among adult Population in Bisha Province, Southwest of Saudi Arabia

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdullah M. Al-Shahrani ◽  
Mohammed A. Al-Saleem ◽  
Mohamed O’haj ◽  
Faleh Th. Mohammed ◽  
Mutasim E. Ibrahim
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Healthy Lifestyle ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
World Health ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Married Individuals ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Associated Risk Factors

OBJECTIVES: To determine the prevalence and associated risk factors of diabetes mellitus (DM) among the adult population in Bisha province, Saudi Arabia.METHODS: A cross sectional study was conducted during December, 2015 using the World Health Organization STEPS wise approach for data collection. Blood glucose level and anthropometric measurements of blood pressure, height, weight, and waist circumference were performed per standard methods.  Logistic regression analysis was used to assess the prevalence and risk of diabetes.RESULTS: Of 542 adult individuals included in the study, 13.3% (72) had diabetes, of which 8.1% were previously diagnosed and 5.2% represented new cases. The proportions of DM were 14.7% for men and 10.8% for women. Diabetes was significantly higher among married compared to unmarried individuals (19.3% vs 5.5 %; p<0.001) and among individuals aged ≥40 years old compared to those <40 years (31.3% vs 9.3%; p<0.001). The risk of diabetes was significantly increased with older age (Odds Ratio=4.470; 95% CI 2.264-7.614), married individuals (OR=4.097; 95% CI 2.188-7.672), weight/obesity (OR=2.827; 95% CI 1.567-5.072), hypertension (OR=4.383; 95% CI 2.085-9.214) and having a job (OR=2.327; 95% CI 1.347-4.02). The independent risk factors predicted diabetes were hypertension (Adjusted OR=2.897; 95% CI 1.269-66.13) and job patterns (Adjusted OR=2.793; 95% CI 1.064-7.329).CONCLUSION: Different risk factors alarming diabetes among adult population in Bisha province were detected.  Strategies aimed to improving a healthy lifestyle are necessary to reduce the burden of the disease. 

scholarly journals Faktor-Faktor yang Berhubungan dengan Kejadian Diabetes Mellitus di UPTD Diabetes Center Kota Ternate Tahun 2018

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (01) ◽  
pp. 38-45
Author(s):  
Helena Wadja ◽  
Hamidah Rahman ◽  
Nani Supriyatni
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
P Value ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Diabetes Center ◽  
Diabetes Melitus

Diabetes adalah penyakit yang berlangsung lama atau kronis serta ditandai dengan kadar gula (glukosa) darah yang tinggi atau di atas nilai normal. Glukosa yang menumpuk di dalam darah akibat tidak diserap sel tubuh dengan baik dapat menimbulkan berbagai gangguan organ tubuh. Diabetes melitus (DM) menjadi ancaman serius bagi kesehatan manusia pada abad ke-21. Jumlah penderita DM mencapai 422 juta orang di dunia pada tahun 2014. Sebagian besar dari penderita tersebut berada di negara berkembang. Indonesia sebagai salah satu negara berkembang memiliki jumlah penderita yang cukup tinggi. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui hubungan tingkat pengetahuan, tingkat stres, dan durasi tidur terhadap kejadian Diabetes Mellitus. Metode penelitian dengan menggunakan desain cross sectional study. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah  pasien yang datang memeriksakan kadar gula darah di UPTD Diabetes Center Kota Ternate Tahun 2018. Jumlah sampel 95 orang yang diambil dengan cara accidental sampling. Hasil uji statistik dengan menggunakan uji chi square menunjukkan bahwa faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan penyakit Diabetes Mellitus adalah tingkat stres dengan p-value = 0,037 ( <0,1 ) dan durasi tidur dengan p-value = 0,025 ( <0,1 ), sedangkan yang tidak berhubungan adalah tingkat pengetahuan dengan p-value = 0,709 ( >0,1 ). Oleh karena itu, disarankan kepada petugas kesehatan lebih meningkkatkan lagi  informasi kepada masyarakat tentang penyakit Diabetes Mellitus, agar masyarakat lebih tahu tentang penyakit Diabetes Mellitus.

scholarly journals Cross sectional study on the prevalence of polypharmacy and potentially inappropriate medications among elderly patients in a tertiary care centre in central Kerala

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 1415
Author(s):  
Jubina Bency Anthoorathodi ◽  
Aqueen Joju ◽  
Ann Mereena Reji ◽  
Anupama Pallivalappil Asokan ◽  
Anzeem Naseem ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Clinical Care ◽  
Inappropriate Medication ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Potentially Inappropriate Medication ◽  
Potentially Inappropriate Medications ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional

Background: Polypharmacy or the concurrent use of multiple medications, is on the rise, especially in the elderly population as they suffer from multiple co-morbidities. Polypharmacy has been reported to increase the risks for inappropriate medication intake. Objectives: The aim was to investigate the prevalence of polypharmacy and usage of potentially inappropriate medication using Beer’s criteria and to find out the various risk factors of polypharmacy in hospitalised elderly.Methods: A cross sectional study was done in patients aged 60 years and above using a pre designed semi structured questionnaire and from their case records to assess the pattern of polypharmacy by different socio-demographic characteristics and also to found out the risk factors of polypharmacy.Results: 50 patients aged 60 and above were involved in our study out of which, 46% were females and 54% were males. Mean age of our study population was 71.5±8.3. Among them, 30 were hypertensive, 27 were diabetic, 9 of them had dyslipidaemia and 8 of them had coronary artery disease Mean number of medication use was 5.1±4.1. Polypharmacy was observed in 42% of the patients. 20% patients received potentially inappropriate drugs from Beer’s list. We also found significant association of polypharmacy with diabetes mellitus and hypertension.Conclusions: The present study has shown polypharmacy and usage of potentially inappropriate medication as an emerging public health concern. Diabetes mellitus and hypertension were found to be risk factors of polypharmacy. Deprescription should be integrated into clinical care and prescribers need to be educated about Beers criteria and encouraged for rational prescription.

scholarly journals Pattern analysis of S. haematobium infection and elimination in the area of Alsuki, Sudan

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 1059
Author(s):  
Rawia A. Abdelshafie ◽  
Abdalla I. Abdalla Mohamed
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Health Program ◽  
Pattern Analysis ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
P Value ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The People ◽  
The Impact

Background: The aim of this study was to determine the current conditions of children of the selected area, for the purpose of measuring the new effective health program for schistosomiasis disease eliminations and obtain the prevalence intensity and risk factors of S. haematobium among school children in the study area.Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was used to screen school going children of all the ages from five randomly selected schools from Alsuki region. A statistical analysis derived from data formulated based on 1062 samples aged between 6 and 15 years attending the selected schools during the period testing within 6 months were enrolled.Results: The impact of health awareness program was measured usefully and the responded factor for reducing the Schistosomiasis diseases was significantly became less than (0.05). Therefore, the actual qualified fitting degree and applicability was significantly becoming (p value=0.001).Conclusions: This research concluded that the prediction of Schistosomiasis diseases due to the risk Ratio of the collected data for those who did not attended awareness over the people who attended program became (0.248).

Hubungan Komunikasi Terapeutik Perawat dan Fasilitas dengan Kepuasan Pasien Rawat Inap di Rumah Sakit Umum Cut Meutia Kota Langsa Tahun 2019

2020 ◽  
pp. 21-29
Author(s):  
Bambang Irawan ◽  
Erizal
Keyword(s):  
World Health Organisation ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
World Health ◽  
P Value ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional

Badan kesehatan dunia yaitu World Health Organisation (WHO) berupaya agar pelayanan kesehatan di dunia ini dapat memberikan suatu sistem pelayanan yang baik untuk meningkatkan derajat kesehatan masyarakat diberbagai belahan dunia. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan komunikasi terapeutik perawat dan fasilitas dengan kepuasan pasien rawat inap di Rumah Sakit Umum Cut Meutia Kota Langsa tahun 2019. Penelitian ini bersifat analitik dengan desain penelitian cross sectional study. Sampel dalam penelitian ini sebanyak 84 responden yang merupakan pasien rawat inap. Data dianalisa secara univarat dan bivariat menggunakan uji Chi square. Hasil penelitian diperoleh ada hubungan komunikasi terapeutik perawat dengan kepuasan pasien rawat inap di Rumah Sakit Umum Cut Meutia Kota Langsa tahun 2019 dengan nilai p-value (0,007) dan ada hubungan fasilitas dengan kepuasan pasien rawat inap di Rumah Sakit Umum Cut Meutia Kota Langsa tahun 2019 dengan nilai p-value (0,030).

Clinical Features of And Risk Factors for Normoalbuminuric Diabetic Kidney Disease In Hospitalized Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Retrospective Cross-Sectional Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qi Dai ◽  
Nan Chen ◽  
Ling Zeng ◽  
Xin-Jie Lin ◽  
Feng-Xiu Jiang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Diabetic Kidney Disease ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional

Abstract Background: Normoalbuminuric diabetic kidney disease (NADKD) is a newly defined DKD, the clinical features and pathogenesis for which are still being understood. This study aimed to investigate the features and risk factors for NADKD in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).Methods: A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted. The related clinical and laboratory data of patients with T2DM hospitalized between August 2012 and January 2020 were collected for statistical analysis. We classified the patients with T2DM into four groups on the basis of the presence or absence of albuminuria and reduced estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR). Analysis of variance, the Kruskal–Wallis test, and the chi-square test were used to compare the groups. Binary logistic regression analyses with a forward stepwise method were performed to explore the risk factors for renal dysfunction in hospitalized patients with normoalbuminuric T2DM.Results: Among the 1620 patients evaluated, 500 (30.9%) had DKD, of which 9% had NADKD. The prevalence of stroke, cardiovascular events, carotid plaque, and peripheral arterial disease in NADKD was significantly higher than in a non-DKD control group (normoalbuminuric T2DM patients with eGFR of ≥60 ml/min/1.73 m2). Regression analyses revealed that three significant independent factors were associated with NADKD: age (OR = 1.089, confidence interval [CI] 95% [1.055−1.123], p < 0.001), previous use of renin−angiotensin system inhibitors (RASIs; OR = 2.330, CI 95% [1.212−4.481], p = 0.011), and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c; OR = 0.839, CI 95% [0.716−0.983], p = 0.03). Conclusions: NADKD is mainly associated with macrovascular rather than microvascular complications. NADKD is more common in patients with normoalbuminuric T2DM with older age, previous use of RASIs, and good glycemic control.

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