Evaluation of angiogenesis as a prognostic marker in prostatic neoplasm especially carcinoma of prostate

Background: Prostatic carcinoma shows an unusually wide range of biological potential with well-known disparity between incidence and mortality for disease. Clinico-pathological studies suggests that angiogenesis and tumor neovascularity contributes to pathogenesis of prostate cancer. The aim of this study to present study was done to assess the validity of angiogenesis as a suitable prognostic marker in various prostatic disease specially the neoplasm’s including the malignant ones. Settings and design are Retrospective study.Methods: The present study of evaluation of angiogenesis as a prognostic marker in prostatic neoplasm especially carcinoma of prostate was done with 40 biopsy sample. The biopsy sample were obtained by suprapubic prostatectomy specimen and trans rectal needle biopsy specimen. Tissue sections were subjected to routine H and E staining. For demonstration of angiogenesis staining for reticulin fibers was applied.Results: The microvessels density increases as the severity of lesion increases from benign to pre-neoplastic to frankly malignant. The micro vessel density in malignant lesions is approximately thrice that in benign lesions. Conclusions: Very few studies have been done in prostatic lesions Hence an attempt is made to demonstrate and correlate angiogenesis as a tumour marker.

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A Comprehensive Review on C-3 Functionalization of β-Lactams

Current Organic Synthesis ◽

10.2174/1570179415666181116103341 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 16 (1) ◽

pp. 3-16 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Reshma Nagpal ◽

Jitender Bhalla ◽

Shamsher S. Bari

Keyword(s):

Scientific Community ◽

Organometallic Reagent ◽

Reaction Conditions ◽

Biological Potential ◽

Wide Range ◽

Economic Strategies ◽

Synthetic Utility ◽

Recent Advancement ◽

Equivalent Method ◽

Made In

Background:A lot of advancement has been made in the area of β-lactams in recent times. Most of the research is targeted towards the synthesis of novel β-lactams, their functionalization and exploring their biological potential. The C-3 functionalization of β-lactams has continued to attract considerable interest of the scientific community due to their utility as versatile intermediates in organic synthesis and their therapeutic applications. This has led to the significant increase in efforts towards developing efficient and economic strategies for C-3 functionalized β-lactams.Objective:The present review aims to highlight recent advancement made in C-3 functionalization of β-lactams.Conclusion:To summarize, functionalization of β-lactams at C-3 is an essential aspect of β-lactam chemistry in order to improve/modify its synthetic utility as well as biological potential. The C-3 carbocation equivalent method has emerged as an important and convenient strategy for C-3 functionalization of β-lactam heterocycles which provides a wide range of β-lactams viz. 3-alkylated β-lactams, 3-aryl/heteroarylated β-lactams, 3- alkoxylated β-lactams. On the other hand, base mediated functionalization of β-lactams via carbanion intermediate is another useful approach but their scope is limited by the requirement of stringent reaction conditions. In addition to this, organometallic reagent mediated α-alkylation of 3-halo/3-keto-β-lactams also emerged as interesting methods for the synthesis of functionalized β-lactams having good yields and diastereoselectivities.

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Bioactivity and Volatile Profiling of Azadirachta indica Leaves for the Management of Maize Weevil, Sitophilus zeamais (Motsch.) Infestations

Journal of Tropical Forestry and Environment ◽

10.31357/jtfe.v8i1.3479 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

Author(s):

A.G.W.U. Perera ◽

M.M.S.C. Karunaratne ◽

S.D.M. Chinthaka

Keyword(s):

Azadirachta Indica ◽

Solid Phase ◽

Biological Activities ◽

Sitophilus Zeamais ◽

Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽

Solid Phase Micro Extraction ◽

Leaf Extracts ◽

Maize Weevil ◽

Biological Potential ◽

Wide Range

Neem (Azadirachta indica A. juss), is known to possess a wide range of pharmacological properties and is thus commercially exploitable. Apart from its medicinal potential, a considerable progress has been achieved regarding biological potential and chemical composition of the leaves which is an ever-increasing interest to the scientific community. During this study, biological phenomena and secondary metabolite composition of A. indica leaves were examined in the management of Sitophilus zeamais on stored maize. Insecticidal and repellent potential of A. indica leaf powders were evaluated in both contact and fumigant forms. Phytochemical screening of 11 phyto constituents was performed following the standard procedures for n-hexane, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate, methanol and aqueous leaf extracts. Volatile profile of A. indica leaves was characterized by employing headspace-solid-phase micro extraction coupled with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (HS-SPME/GC-MS). Over 60% weevil repellency was recorded at doses above 23.33%, whereas 100% and 67% contact and fumigation mortalities were observed respectively, 9 days after treatment at the dose of 33.33% and the respected LD50 values were 1.56 g and 4.48 g. Thirty two volatile compounds were identified in three distinct chemical classes (Monoterpenoid, sesquiterpenoid and purine nucleosides). γ-Elemene (24.06%), 3,7 (11)-eudesmadiene (6.83%), caryophyllene (6.40%), and 10s,11s-himachala-3(12),4-diene (6.36%) were the major constituents of neem leaf volatiles, followed by other compounds present in less than 4% which might be responsible for varied biological activities observed. Thus the odour impact of the bioassayguided study clearly implies that A. indica leaves can be harnessed against S. zeamais infestations.Keywords: Azadirachta indica, Sitophilus zeamais, headspace-solid-phase micro-extraction, insecticidal activity, repellency

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Managing Benign and Malignant Oral Lesions with Carbon Dioxide Laser: Indications, Techniques, and Outcomes for Outpatient Surgery

The Surgery Journal ◽

10.1055/s-0039-1694735 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 05 (03) ◽

pp. e69-e75

Author(s):

Alberto Maria Saibene ◽

Cecilia Rosso ◽

Paolo Castellarin ◽

Federica Vultaggio ◽

Carlotta Pipolo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Carbon Dioxide ◽

Co2 Laser ◽

Laser Surgery ◽

Carbon Dioxide Laser ◽

Outpatient Surgery ◽

Surgical Techniques ◽

Systematic Evaluation ◽

Oral Lesions ◽

Wide Range ◽

Malignant Lesions

Purpose Because of its affinity for water-based tissues, carbon dioxide (CO2) laser has become an instrument of choice for treating oral mucosa conditions, ranging from inflammatory to malignant lesions. The aim of this work is to systematically evaluate the outcomes of laser surgery over a wide range of lesions, while providing a solid and reproducible protocol for CO2 laser surgery in the outpatient management of oral lesion. Methods Seventy-eight patients underwent 92 laser outpatient procedures for treatment of a wide range of benign and malignant lesions. We performed 60 removals, 11 exeretic biopsies, 15 vaporizations, and 3 vaporization/removal combined. We analyzed laser parameters applied for each technique and provided a systematic evaluation of surgical results. Results No problems occurred intraoperatively in any of the patients. Five patients complained marginal pain, while 3 patients had postsurgery bleeding. All treatments were successful, with the notable exception of 3 relapsing verrucous proliferative leukoplakias and an infiltrating squamous cell carcinoma of the tongue requiring radicalization. We did not record any adverse reactions to drugs or lesions due to laser action. Concordance between clinical diagnosis and pathology results was at 94.8%. Conclusions Our data indicate that CO2 laser is a solid choice for outpatient treatment of oral lesions. This technique grants painless and almost bloodless treatment, with negligible recurrence rates. Providing a solid reference for laser settings and operative techniques could provide a foundation for further exploring this tool while offering the basis for a positive comparison between different surgical techniques and options.

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A New Predictive and Prognostic Marker for De Novo AML: Peripheral Blood CD34 (pCD34) Count at Recovery Following Remission Induction (RI) Therapy (Supp. by Ankara University-2003-0809114).

Blood ◽

10.1182/blood.v106.11.4517.4517 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 106 (11) ◽

pp. 4517-4517

Author(s):

Mutlu Arat ◽

Pervin Topcuoglu ◽

Meltem K. Yuksel ◽

Klara Dalva ◽

Gulhis Gultekin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mortality Rate ◽

Cell Count ◽

Prognostic Marker ◽

De Novo ◽

Negative Impact ◽

Recovery Period ◽

Remission Induction ◽

Incidence And Mortality ◽

De Novo Aml ◽

Cd34 Expression

Abstract In EORTC-LCG AML-10 study patients with low CD34 mobilization profile showed a better outcome (Leukemia,2003,17:60-7). We hypothesized that patients with low pCD34 at the recovery period after RI therapy with de novo AML should have a better clinical outcome or vice versa and launched this prospective study. Between Jan 2002 and Oct 2004, 40 patients with AML (median age: 40 yrs, 17–60; 22M/18F) were enrolled to this study. Using flow cytometrical method CD34-expressing cells were measured in peripheral venous blood samples once WBC was between 1x10e9/L to 3x10e9/L at the recovery period after first RI therapy. Results: The median time for estimation of pCD34 was 23 days (7–35) after RI. The pCD34 cell count was lower in patients responding to first RI therapy (12x10e6/L vs 68x10e6/L, p=0.011). We observed a weak, but statistically significant positive correlation between CD34 expression of the blasts at diagnosis and pCD34 at recovery period (p=0.048, r2:0.322). We could not show any significant negative impact of CD34 expression of the blasts at diagnosis and response to first RI (p=0.059). Only two of 8 patients not responding to the 1st RI achieved a complete remission after re-induction. The two-year probability of OS, LFS, relapse incidence and mortality rates were 47.1%, 37.2%, 55% and 42.5%, respectively (fig 1,2). If we set up a cut-off value of 18x10e6/L for pCD34, we did not observe any impact of pCD34 on relapse incidence but the mortality rate was significantly increased in patients with high CD34+ cell count (p=0.025). Conclusion: We were able to show a positive impact of pCD34 estimations after first RI in AML patients on both remission and mortality rate. AML Patients with lower pCD34 after 1st RI tends to have a higher hematological remission rate and lower mortality. This impact of pCD34 as a predictive and prognostic marker in AML should be verified in large cohorts using multivariate analysis. Table 1: Distribution of risk factors at diagnosis according RI response Variables 1stCRafter1stRI (n=32 ) NoCR after 1stRI (n=8 ) P *p<0.05; Abbr: NS: Non-Significant; ND: Not-Done pCD34 (x10e6/L) 12.4 (0–268) 68.6 (4.4–3820) 0.011* CD34 expr at dx 12% (0%–94%) 44% (9–89) 0.059 Age, years 38.5 (17–57) 43 (20–60) NS WBC at dx (x10e9/L) 11.85 (0.7–175.0) 5.10 (2.7–114.7) 0.934 EM involvement (Y/N) 7/25 0/8 NS Table 2: The outcome of AML patients according to median pCD34 at recovery Variables pCD34<Med 18x10e6/kg (n=20 ) pCD34 ≥ Med 18x10.6/kg (n=20) p CR1 (Y/N) after 1st RI 19/1 13/7 0.044* Relapse incidence 44% 54.5% NS Mortality rate 25% 60% 0.025* DFS 46.19%±12.6% 29.2%±10.4 NS OS 64.95%±13.2% 35.6%±11.3 NS Figure Figure

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Fungal biotransformation of limonene and pinene as a biotechnological approach for production of aroma compounds

10.21203/rs.3.rs-447822/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Elison de Souza Sevalho ◽

Bruno Nicolau Paulino ◽

Antonia Queiroz Lima de Souza ◽

Afonso Duarte Leão de Souza

Keyword(s):

Aroma Compounds ◽

Anticancer Activities ◽

Aromatic Molecules ◽

Biotechnological Approach ◽

Biological Potential ◽

Wide Range ◽

Biotransformation Products ◽

Stereoselective Reactions ◽

Biotechnological Processes ◽

Promising Source

Abstract The number of aroma compounds obtained by biotechnological process has increased tremendously in recent years and, as a result, are now being extensively employed in order to make products more attractive for consumers. In the present review, we inten to assess the wide range of reactions are catalyzed by fungal strains in regards to biotransformation of limonene and pinene for the aroma compounds production, their production rates/maximum concentrations and their biological potential. We comprehensively summarized in this review available data (2000–2021) regarding fungal biotransformation of limonene and pinene as biotechnological processes. Over the past years, has been paid to the biotransformation processes due to mild and environmentally friendly conditions applied. This review has shown that reports on the application of the fungi as a promising source of biocatalysts, mainly for stereoselective reactions such as hydroxylation and epoxidation. Studies have demonstrated the existence of promising monoterpenes used as substrates, which could be important from an industrial standpoint since this increases their importance as starting materials for obtaining aromatic molecules new. Moreover, biological (e.g.,antioxidant, anticancer) activities attributed to some monoterpene biotransformation products are increasingly being reported, indicating that their applications may transcend food, cosmetic and pharmaceutical industry.

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Radiological Imaging and CA125 Correlation as Predictive Variables in Ovarian Pathologies

Journal of Pharmaceutical Research International ◽

10.9734/jpri/2021/v33i55b33864 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 187-195

Author(s):

S. Varsha ◽

C. Bhavya Sree ◽

Karthik Krishna Ramakrishnan ◽

Seena Cheppala Rajan ◽

Muthiah Pichandi

Keyword(s):

Clinical Symptoms ◽

Malignant Lesion ◽

Tumour Marker ◽

Epithelial Differentiation ◽

Ca 125 ◽

Imaging Findings ◽

Radiological Imaging ◽

Medical College ◽

Predictive Variables ◽

Biological Potential

Introduction: Primary Ovary Neoplasms are the most frequent tumors showing epithelial differentiation. Tumour Marker CA-125, glycoprotein synthesized mainly by neoplastic cells with epithelial differentiation. Serum Level of CA-125 has a biological potential of these lesions. This study is mainly done to evaluate the association between serum CA-125 levels and imaging findings and to predict malignancy in various ovarian lesions. Objectives: To evaluate the capacity of CA125 and Imaging findings to predict malignancy in various ovarian pathologies. Materials and Methods: Study area: Department of Radiology, Saveetha Medical College and Hospital, Chennai, Study design: Retrospective study. Study period: 6months. Study population: Patients with history and clinical symptoms of ovarian lesions and USG detected ovarian lesions confirmed on Radiological Imaging. Sampling method: Purposive sampling Sample size: 30. Inclusion criteria: Patients with clinically suspected ovarian lesions or indeterminate ovarian lesions on USG who underwent Radiological imaging and CA-125 estimation. Exclusion criteria: Children less than 12years of age are excluded from this study. Results: Among 30 cases, 19(63.33%) were benign and 2(6.67%) were borderline and 9(30%) were malignant lesion in the present study. Ovarian pathologies is mostly seen in women of age above 25 yrs(86.67%). In this study Ovarian lesions are more commonly seen in married women(86.67%) and menstruating women(56.67%). Out of 30 Cases, Serum CA-125 level <35IU/ml is seen among 13(43.33%) and level >35IU/ml is seen among 17(56.67%). Out of 17 women with CA-125 level >35IU/ml, 9 had malignant lesions on histopathology while 7 women had benign lesions and 1 women had borderline lesion. Conclusion: The present study shows significant association of Serum CA-125 levels with mixed solid cystic ovarian lesions ill defined margins (possible Malignant Ovarian lesions) (p<0.05) especially in Post-menopausal women.

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Understanding plant-beneficial microbe interactions for sustainable agriculture

Journal of Spices and Aromatic Crops ◽

10.25081/josac.2018.v27.i2.1098 ◽

1970 ◽

Vol 27 (2) ◽

pp. 93 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

S Ankati, A R Podile

Keyword(s):

Sustainable Agriculture ◽

Molecular Interactions ◽

Crop Yields ◽

Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria ◽

Land Resources ◽

Biological Potential ◽

Wide Range ◽

Plant Growth Promoting ◽

Microbe Interactions ◽

Molecular Patterns

A better understanding of the specific molecular interactions between plants and microbes is crucial to develop newer strategies for sustainable agriculture. The productivity of wide range of agricultural crops under decreasing land resources and shrinking biological potential of the soil need to be improved. Search for useful microorganisms associated with the plants has been highly productive for sustainable agriculture. We take a close look at the current level of molecular interactions that mostly involve specific molecular patterns of microbes and their cognate receptors in plants and development of efficient biofertilizers for improving crop yields. This article covers the broader aspects of plant-microbe interactions with more focus on plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR). Further upcoming strategies to understand the plant-PGPR interactions are discussed.

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Utility of Papanicolaou’s smears in the diagnosis of premalignant and malignant lesions of the cervix in a tertiary care centre of South Gujarat, India

International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences ◽

10.18203/2320-6012.ijrms20193911 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 7 (9) ◽

pp. 3342

Author(s):

Shivangi S. Gandhi ◽

Pinal C. Shah

Keyword(s):

Cervical Cancer ◽

Developing Countries ◽

Pap Smear ◽

Early Stage ◽

Tertiary Care ◽

Developed Countries ◽

Pap Smears ◽

Papanicolaou Test ◽

Incidence And Mortality ◽

Malignant Lesions

Background: "Preventable but not prevented", this is the reality of cervical cancer today, at least in developing countries. 80% of all the cases of cervical cancer occur in these developing countries. In India, cervical cancer is the leading cause of cancer related deaths in women. The Papanicolaou test is simple, quick, and painless. It is capable of detecting cervical cancer at an early stage and is used widely in developed countries, where it has decreased both the incidence and mortality of cervical cancer. Objective of the study was conducted to determine the importance of conventional Pap smears for the diagnosis of inflammatory, premalignant and malignant lesions of the cervix.Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted from January 2017 to June 2018 on 2000 women coming for a Pap smear examination in Government Medical College attached to New Civil Hospital, Surat. After doing Pap stain, all cases were reported as per the 2014 Bethesda system.Results: A total of 2000 cases of Pap smears were received out of which 1914(95.7%) cases were satisfactory for evaluation, 86(4.3%) cases were unsatisfactory. The frequency of epithelial abnormalities was 3.66%. The age group of 51-60 years showed the highest epithelial abnormalities. The frequency of epithelial abnormalities in asymptomatic women was 2.3%. Out of the 1844 cases, 103(5.6%) showed changes of atrophy, 1011(54.8%) cases showed inflammatory/reactive changes, whereas organisms were seen in 558(30.3%) cases.Conclusions: Pap smear happens to be an economical, safe and pragmatic diagnostic tool for early detection of cervical cancer.

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Dermoscopic Predictors of Benignity and Malignancy in Equivocal Lesions Predominated by Blue Color

Dermatology ◽

10.1159/000516468 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-6

Author(s):

Konstantinos Lallas ◽

Montserrat Arceu ◽

Guisella Martinez ◽

Sofia-Magdalini Manoli ◽

Chryssoula Papageorgiou ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Asymmetric Distribution ◽

Blue Color ◽

Histopathologic Diagnosis ◽

Wide Range ◽

Basal Cell Carcinomas ◽

Vascular Structures ◽

Malignant Lesions ◽

Seborrheic Keratoses ◽

Asymmetrically Distributed ◽

Diffuse Distribution

Background: Blue color in dermoscopy can be seen in a wide range of benign and malignant lesions, melanocytic or not. Some blue-colored dermoscopic criteria have been associated with specific tumors, such as blue-white veil with melanoma and homogeneous blue with blue nevi. However, when blue color occupies a large part of the lesion’s surface, the dermoscopic assessment might be particularly challenging. Objective: To identify dermoscopic predictors associated with benignity and malignancy in tumors characterized by a predominant dermoscopic presence of blue color. Methods: We retrospectively screened our institutional database for tumors exhibiting blue color in at least 50% of their surface with available histopathologic diagnosis. Lesions with blue color covering less than 50% of their extent and lesions not histopathologically assessed were excluded. The dermoscopic images were evaluated for the presence of predefined criteria, including the characteristics of the blue color, coexisting colors, and the vascular structures. Results: Of 91 included tumors, 53 were benign (35 blue nevi, 10 angiomas, and 8 seborrheic keratoses) and 38 malignant (12 melanomas and 26 basal cell carcinomas). Our analysis revealed 3 potent dermoscopic predictors of benignity: extension of blue color in more than 75% of the surface, diffuse distribution of blue color, and absence of vessels, posing a 2.3-fold, 5.6-fold, and 6.7-fold increased probability of benignity, respectively. In contrast, asymmetric distribution of blue color, blue clods, coexistence of gray color and linear vessels were significantly predictive of malignancy, posing a 8.9-fold, 2.8-fold, 13.5-fold, and 10.4-fold increased probability, respectively. Conclusion: In predominantly blue tumors, the probability of malignancy is high when blue color is seen in clods or is asymmetrically distributed and when gray color or linear vessels coexist. In contrast, a diffuse distribution of blue color, its expansion in more than 75% of the surface, and the absence of vessels are highly suggestive of a benign tumor.

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Gastrointestinal Malignancies and Venous Thromboembolic Disease: Clinical Significance and Endovascular Interventions

Digestive Disease Interventions ◽

10.1055/s-0040-1716739 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 04 (03) ◽

pp. 260-266

Author(s):

Xin Li ◽

Sasan Partovi ◽

Sameer Gadani ◽

Charles Martin ◽

Avi Beck ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Thromboembolic Disease ◽

Ivc Filter ◽

Venous Thromboembolic Disease ◽

Gastrointestinal Malignancies ◽

Filter Placement ◽

Gastrointestinal Malignancy ◽

Catheter Directed Thrombolysis ◽

Incidence And Mortality ◽

Wide Range ◽

Venous Thromboembolic

AbstractGastrointestinal malignancy encompasses a wide range of disease processes. Its incidence and mortality rate rank among the highest of all cancers. Venous thromboembolic disease is a common complication of gastrointestinal malignancy. Anticoagulation remains the first-line therapy. However, for patients who cannot tolerate or have failed anticoagulation, inferior vena cava (IVC) filter placement may be an option. Furthermore, to improve symptom resolution and reduce the severity of postthrombotic syndrome, catheter-directed thrombolysis (CDT) may be an option. Recent randomized trials including the ATTRACT (Acute Venous Thrombosis: Thrombus Removal with Adjunctive Catheter-Directed Thrombolysis) trial have shed new light on the efficacy and safety of CDT and related methods. Overall, the decision to proceed with IVC filter placement or CDT must be individualized.

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