scholarly journals Study of prevalence of urinary tract infection in febrile children less than 5 years of age

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 683
Author(s):  
Madhubalan T. ◽  
Chidambaranathan S. ◽  
Yazhini E.
Keyword(s):  
Urine Analysis ◽  
Urine Culture ◽  
Pediatric Department ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Focus Of Infection ◽  
Adequate Evaluation ◽  
Voiding Difficulties ◽  
Culture Positive ◽  
Children Under 5

Background: Fever is the most common reason for children under 5 years of age to visit the OPD. Unlike other foci of infection, only a little attention has been focused on the identification of UTI in febrile children. Quite often child receives antibiotics empirically without adequate evaluation of UTI. To determine the prevalence of UTI in all febrile children, from 2 months to 5years of age.Methods: The study included children admitted with bronchiolitis in between during the period of December 2018 to March 2019 at Department of Pediatrics, Raja Muthiah Medical College and Hospital. Totally 200 consecutive children from 2 months to 5 years admitted in the pediatric department Data related to age, sex, predisposing factors will be noted. Urine analysis and urine culture have to be done in all these patients. USG abdomen to be done in patients with culture positive UTI.Results: Among the 200 cases, the prevalence of UTI was higher among females (10%) than males (8%). Among the culture-positive cases UTI, an underlying focus of infection was present in 89% of cases and only 11% of cases did not have any foci. In this study, the % of cases with a duration of fever more than 5 days was 57, as compared to 43% in patients with fever less than 5 days. Among the 19 UTI cases, 5 of them presented with voiding difficulties and all the 5 cases had significant growth on culture. There was a significant association between UTI cases and voiding difficulties.Conclusions: Hence through this study, authors concluded that pyuria of >5 pus cells /HPF in the centrifuged sample should be considered as significant pyuria and hence further evaluation should be done in all these cases to promptly initiate antibiotic treatment and also to prevent morbidity and several long term sequelae.

scholarly journals Catheter-Associated Urinary Tract Infections (CAUTIs) Reduction: A Multidisciplinary Approach

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (S1) ◽  
pp. s154-s154
Author(s):  
Hanish Jain ◽  
Elizabeth Hartigan ◽  
Joseph Tschopp ◽  
Paul Suits ◽  
Kristopher Paolino
Keyword(s):  
Best Practice ◽  
Registered Nurse ◽  
Urine Analysis ◽  
Urine Culture ◽  
Care Center ◽  
Foley Catheter ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Culture Collection ◽  
Institutional Cost ◽  
Tract Infections

Background: CAUTIs remain one of the most common hospital-acquired infections (HAIs) accounting for prolonged hospital stay and increased healthcare costs. According to the NHSN, the standardized infection ratio (SIR) at our institution was 1.6 compared to national average of 0.84 in 2018. We highlight the interventions implemented in our institution to prevent CAUTIs. These interventions have shown a reduction in the rate of CAUTIs, the SIR, Foley catheter days, and institutional cost. Methods: In addition to standard CAUTI prevention practices, we hypothesized that we could decrease CAUTIs through the daily implementation of specific practices. We developed a comprehensive interdisciplinary team which included the staff or charge registered nurse (RN), the unit manager, an infection preventionist, an advanced practice registered nurse (APRN), a pharmacist with an antimicrobial focus, and a physician from the infectious disease department who would conduct daily rounds on different units in the institution for education and assessment of catheter indications. A detailed review and analysis of the urine culture orders for patients with a Foley catheter was performed. A nurse-driven Foley catheter removal protocol before urine culture collection was initiated. We implemented a Foley catheter bundle that has guidelines for Foley insertion, best practice competency, and urinary catheter best practice algorithm and advocated alternative use of male or female external catheter. We educated physicians about ordering a reflexive urine analysis test followed by urine culture instead of testing either individually after removal of a Foley catheter. Lastly, we performed a root-cause analysis on all reported CAUTIs. These policies were implemented in a 435-bed tertiary-care center in November 2018, and we present data from 1-year before and after the interventions. Results: At our institution, we had 71 CAUTIs, with an SIR of 1.6, a standardized utilization ratio (SUR) of 0.92, 27,621 Foley days, and institutional cost of $979,303 compared to 40 CAUTIs with an SIR of 1, an SUR of 0.88, 24,193 Foley days, and institutional cost $537,927 after implementing our interventions. Conclusions: CAUTIs can be reduced by implementing specific measures that include infection control team rounds, nurse-driven protocol, and the use of Foley catheter bundles. Measures should be undertaken to prioritize these practices as part of a protocol. We advocate further studies to evaluate these measures. Education programs for healthcare professionals concerning CAUTIs and its complications can be implemented to carry out the prevention methods efficiently.Funding: NoneDisclosures: None

scholarly journals The Relationship between Reputation, Customer Satisfaction, Trust, and Loyalty

2014 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 368 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roshana Gul
Keyword(s):  
Customer Satisfaction ◽  
Customer Loyalty ◽  
Significant Relationship ◽  
Positive Sign ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Independent Variable ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Self Administered Questionnaire

Though a lot of studies have been done to conclude customer loyalty as dependent variable but still there is a vast margin of researches to be conducted in future in different spheres of this construct. On the other hand the truth of the importance of customer loyalty as an enduring asset cannot be falsified. It is fundamental for organizations to build up long term and mutual beneficial associations with the customers. The purpose of this research paper is to show the inter relationship of reputation, customer satisfaction and trust on customer loyalty. According to the observations reputation is the major independent variable that has significant relationship with customer satisfaction, customer loyalty, and trust. Data for this research study was taken from the Islamia University, Quaid-e-Azam Medical College, and different banks located at various geographic locations of Bahawalpur region of Pakistan. Data was collected through self administered questionnaire and analyzed by using regression through SPSS. The results have been drawn from 150 users of NISHAT LINEN and it was found that there is positive and significant relationship among reputation, customer satisfaction, trust and customer loyalty. Hence the studies give the positive sign that with the increment of reputation, customer satisfaction and trust the customer loyalty enhances.  

100 Days Outcome of Severe Wasting in Hospitalized Infants < 6 Months Age

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-21
Author(s):  
Jai Prakash Patel ◽  
Rajesh Kumar Meena ◽  
Dheeraj Shah ◽  
Piyush Gupta
Keyword(s):  
Urban Poor ◽  
Prospective Observational Study ◽  
Close Monitoring ◽  
Z Score ◽  
Term Outcome ◽  
Long Term Outcome ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Discharge From Hospital ◽  
Poor Population

Abstract Objective: To assess the outcome of severe wasting in infants below 6 months of age Design: A prospective observational study conducted between January 2017 to October 2018 Setting: A medical-college affiliated hospital in Eastern Delhi, catering mainly to the urban poor population Participants: All children with severe wasting (weight-for-length Z score (WLZ) < -3 SD) between 1 to 6 months age, requiring hospitalization Results: Out of 50 children enrolled, during hospitalization, 42 (84%) recovered (weight-for-length Z score (WLZ) > -3 SD) and discharged; the median (IQR) duration of stay was 9.5 (6.5, 13.0) days. After 100 days of enrolment, sustained cure (WLZ > -2SD) could be achieved in only 15 (30%) infants, while another 14 (28%) recovered from severe wasting, but remained in moderately wasted state (WLZ between -2 to -3 SD). Overall, there were 3 (6%) deaths (all during first week of hospitalization); 3 (6%) relapses and 15 (30%) defaulters (5, 5, 2, 1 and 2 defaulted during hospitalization, at day 15, day 60, day 75 and day 90, respectively). Conclusions: The overall recovery rate from severe wasting in infants below 6 months was below the acceptable levels. In order to achieve better long-term outcome, community linkage services after discharge from hospital are required for supervised feeding, close monitoring and supportive care.

scholarly journals Bacteriological profile and antibiotic sensitivity pattern in patients with Urinary tract infection

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 1066-1069 ◽  
Author(s):  
N Subedi ◽  
S Pudasaini
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract Infection ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Urine Culture ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽  
Sensitivity Test ◽  
Age Group ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Bacteriological Profile ◽  
Culture And Sensitivity ◽  
Culture Positive

Background: Urinary tract infection is one of the common bacterial infections seeking treatment in clinical practice. A variety of organisms are associated with UTI and the most common organisms are Escherichia coli and other coliforms. Bacteriological investigations of UTI are not complete without antibiotic sensitivity test of the isolate. The aim of this study is to determine the bacteriological profile and antibiotic sensitivity patterns and their disease association.Materials and methods: This study was conducted in Shankarapur Hospital over a period of one year. All cases of suspected UTI sent for urine culture and sensitivity test were evaluated in this study. Disease associated with UTI, bacteriological profile and antibiotic sensitivity patterns were evaluated.Results: A total of 974 cases were sent for urine culture and sensitivity test. The total culture positive cases were 165 (17.4%).  The most common age group for culture positive test was 21- 30 years (33.3%) followed by 31- 40 years (25.5%). Female patients formed the majority of culture positive cases (84.8%) and E Coli (86.1%) was the most common organism isolated. Piperacillin- tazobactum and ceftriaxone were the most common antibiotic sensitive to the organisms. Simple uncomplicated UTI and PID were the most common indication for subjecting the patients to urine culture.Conclusion: UTI is most commonly seen in female of reproductive age group and the most common causative organism is E coli. Culture result and antibiogram helps the clinician for specific treatment of UTI.

scholarly journals AN INTERVENTIONAL STUDY TO ASSESS THE CYTOLOGICAL AND COLPOSCOPIC CHANGES AFTER INTRAUTERINE CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES INSERTION IN THE DEPARTMENT OF OBSTETRICS GYNAECOLOGY, SMS MEDICAL COLLEGE, JAIPUR

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mamta Prajapat ◽  
Suniti Verma ◽  
R N Sehra ◽  
Jyoti Saini
Keyword(s):  
Trichomonas Vaginalis ◽  
Pap Smear ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Contraceptive Devices ◽  
Exfoliated Cells ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Intrauterine Contraceptive ◽  
Long Term Follow Up

Background: Cytology examines exfoliated cells, while colposcopy examines the changes that occur in the vascular structure of the cervix5. Patients with an abnormal pap smear result or patients with a suspicious-looking cervix even if they had a negative pap smear, should be evaluated by colposcopy and colposcopy directed biopsy. Methods: Interventional Prospective study conducted at Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, SMS Medical College & associated Hospitals, Jaipur. Results: In this study, among 15 IUCD users, 5 (33.33%) had bacterial vaginosis, 2 (13.33%) had trichomonas vaginalis and 1 (6.66%) were found candidal infection, 1 (6.66%) polymicrobial infection. Conclusion: The present study indicates that there is definite changes in the cervical architecture in IUCD users and the change is also dependent on the duration of use. A simple technique like cytology and colposcopy is highly useful in diagnosing these changes and combating them by early interference whenever necessary. The present study does not reveal any increased risk of cervicitis and dysplasia in IUCD users. We further recommend that a long term follow-up is required to rule out the possibility of any increased risk of dysplasia or carcinoma in-situ. Keywords: IUCD, Colposcopy, Dysplasia.

scholarly journals Clinical, Epidemiological and Bacteriological Profile of Culture Positive Urinary Tract Infections in Febrile Children – A Cross Sectional Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. 522-526
Author(s):  
Bhavani Shankar Rokkam ◽  
Chowdary Babu Menni ◽  
Ramu Pedada ◽  
Deepak Kumar Alikana
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract Infection ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Tract Infection ◽  
Urinary Tract Infections ◽  
Urine Culture ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Bacteriological Profile ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
Culture Positive

BACKGROUND Urinary tract infections (UTI) constitute a common cause of morbidity in infants and children. When associated with abnormalities of urinary tract, they may lead to long-term complications including renal scarring, loss of function and hypertension. Most urinary tract infections remain undiagnosed if investigations are not routinely performed to detect them. Prompt detection and treatment of urinary tract infections and any complicating factors are important. The objective of the study is to know the clinical, epidemiological and bacteriological profile (i.e. clinical signs and symptoms, age, sex, family history, associated urinary tract abnormalities, & causative organisms) of urinary tract infections in febrile children with culture positive urinary tract infection. METHODS This descriptive, cross sectional observational study was conducted at outpatient clinics of our “child health clinics” between May 2016 and April 2017 (one year). All children aged 0 to 12 years with culture positive urinary tract infections were included in this study to evaluate the clinical, epidemiological and bacteriological profile. RESULTS A total of 69 children with culture positive urinary tract infections were included in this study. Out of 69 children included in this study, 36 (52.2 %) were females and 33 (47.8 %) were males. Overall female preponderance was seen and the M: F ratio was 0.9:1. But during first year of life in our study group we had more boys (10, 14.49 %) affected with urinary tract infection than girls. 49.3 % of urinary tract infections in the present study belonged to lower socio-economic status. Most common organism causing urinary tract infection in our group was E. coli (56.5 %). Fever (100 %), anorexia or refusal of feeds (52.2 %), dysuria (46.4 %), vomiting (46.4 %) and abdominal pain (39.1 %) were the predominant clinical manifestations observed in our study. CONCLUSIONS Urinary tract infection is a common medical problem in children and it should be considered as a potential cause of fever in children. As febrile children with urinary tract infection usually present with non-specific signs and symptoms, urine culture should be considered as a part of diagnostic evaluation. KEYWORDS Urinary Tract Infections (UTI), Febrile Children, Bacteriological Profile, Urine Culture

scholarly journals Prevalence of Urinary Tract Infection and Antibiotic Susceptibility Pattern to Urinary Pathogens in Kathmandu Medical College and Teaching Hospital , Duwakot

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 134-137 ◽  
Author(s):  
Binita Pradhan ◽  
SB Pradhan
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract Infection ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Tract Infection ◽  
Teaching Hospital ◽  
Urine Culture ◽  
College Teaching ◽  
Pathogenic Microorganism ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Sensitivity Pattern ◽  
Tract Infections

IntroductionIn developing countries, urinary tract infections (UTIs) are one of the most commonly diagnosed diseases among the patient seeking medical service and being treated with empirical antibiotics which causes resistance.ObjectiveTo find out the prevalence of urinary tract infection and sensitivity pattern of antibiotics among bacterial pathogens isolated in patients attending Kathmandu Medical College Teaching Hospital, Duwakot.MethodologyAll the patients with the clinical suspicion of UTI were sent for urine culture. Prevalence of UTI and urinary pathogens isolated with antimicrobial profile was correlated.ResultA total number of 1735 clinically suspected as UTI cases were sent for urine culture sensitivity. Total culture positive were 239 (13.8%). The majority of isolates were from female patients comprising 180 (75%). The most common pathogenic microorganism isolated was E.coli (79.1%). Second most common organism was Klebsiella (11.7%) followed by Citrobacter (3.34%) and Proteus (2.92%). The isolated microorganism showed maximum number of sensitivity with the antibiotics Ofloxacin and Ciprofloxacin. The isolated microorganism demonstrated resistance with Nalidixic Acid and Co-Trimoxazole. ConclusionUrinary tract infection is a commonly encountered case in general practice. Females are commonly affected than men. The microbiological profile and the antibiotic sensitivity pattern while initiating empirical treatment must be taken into account while planning for the management. Regular supervision of the sensitivity pattern of pathogenic microorganism is mandatory for effective treatment.Birat Journal of Health Sciences Vol.2/No.1/Issue 2/ Jan - April 2017, Page: 134-137

scholarly journals A milk-borne outbreak of Campylobacter infection

1980 ◽  
Vol 84 (3) ◽  
pp. 415-419 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ian A. Porter ◽  
Thomas M. S. Reid
Keyword(s):  
Campylobacter Jejuni ◽  
Attack Rate ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Sex Distribution ◽  
Unpasteurized Milk ◽  
Group Recovery ◽  
Campylobacter Infection ◽  
Culture Positive

SUMMARYCampylobacter jejuni was isolated from the stools of 148 patients with symptoms and 57 symptomless subjects, and from a milk sock filter, following an outbreak of enteritis associated with consumption of unpasteurized milk. The incubation period rantged from 2–11 days with a peak at 5 days. There were no secondary cases. The attack rate was around 50% Cases occured in all age groups but were maximal in the 1–10 age group. Recovery from symptoms was complete in the majority in less than 1 week. No long term excretors were indentified. There were no differences between culture positive individuals, with or without symptoms, in age or sex distribution or duration of excretion.

Hyperammonemia in a patient with obstructive urinary tract infection due to Corynebacterium urealyticum

Open Medicine ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 597-599 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tsuneaki Kenzaka ◽  
Ayako Kumabe ◽  
Yuka Urushibara ◽  
Kensuke Minami ◽  
Takeshi Ishida
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract Infection ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Tract Infection ◽  
Urine Analysis ◽  
Urine Culture ◽  
Impaired Consciousness ◽  
Rapid Improvement ◽  
Urease Test ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
Corynebacterium Urealyticum

AbstractA 93-year-old woman with neurogenic bladder was admitted to our hospital because of impaired consciousness. Her urine culture revealed urease-test-positive Corynebacterium urealyticum. She was diagnosed with hyperammonemia due to an obstructive urinary tract infection that was caused by urease-producing bacteria. The patient showed rapid improvement of impaired consciousness and hyperammonemia after urine analysis. It is necessary to consider obstructive urinary tract infection as a differential diagnosis of hyperammonemia, which commonly occurs in urinary tract infections owing to the presence of urease-producing bacteria. Relief from obstruction is the most important treatment for hyperammonemia caused by this mechanism.

scholarly journals Successful Outcome of Pregnancy with Addison’s Disease & Hypothyroidism

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 134-137
Author(s):  
Nargis Nahar ◽  
Iffat Ara
Keyword(s):  
Early Diagnosis ◽  
Addison’S Disease ◽  
Armed Forces ◽  
Successful Outcome ◽  
Addison's Disease ◽  
Endocrine Disorder ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Fetal Surveillance ◽  
In Pregnancy

Hypocortisolism or hypoadrenalism is well known as Addison’s disease which is a long term endocrine disorder. In pregnancy it requires much awareness and attention of treating physicians. Early diagnosis, adequate supplement of glucocorticoid and mineralocorticoid and fetal surveillance through regular antenatal checkup is essential for pregnant ladies with Addison’s disease. Patients should be counselled appropriately regarding medication, life-style and precautions to be taken in case of infection, operational exposure or any other stress. Journal of Armed Forces Medical College Bangladesh Vol.13(1) 2017: 134-137

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