scholarly journals Prevalence and correlates of neurodevelopmental disorders among children in India: a narrative review

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 200
Author(s):  
Leena Gaikwad ◽  
Sravani Lagala
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Neurodevelopmental Disorders ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
English Language ◽  
Perinatal Asphyxia ◽  
National Level ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Diagnostic Tools

Neurodevelopmental disorders (NDD) are seen disproportionately affecting the low-income communities. Paucity of consistent and large-scale studies in India and variations in assessment and diagnostic tools reduce the scope for generalization of prevalence estimates to national level. This review tried to consolidate the existing community-based evidence of the prevalence of NDDs, risk factors and comorbidities among children in India. We searched studies related to the review objectives on search engines PubMed and Google Scholar. The community or school-based studies in India, published in English language were included. The prevalence of each of these NDDs differed in different locations and age groups. The prevalence appeared to be increasing with increase in age. Non-institutional delivery, perinatal asphyxia or delayed crying, low birth weight or prematurity, neonatal illness or neurological infections were significantly associated with the NDDs. Most of the significant risk factors are modifiable with the help of effective programs to improve maternal and child healthcare and nutrition. Further large-scale, good-quality epidemiological studies in community settings are needed to develop and prioritize the delivery of the prevention and rehabilitation interventions.

scholarly journals Neisseria meningitidis carriage and risk factors among teenagers in Suizhou city in China

2020 ◽  
Vol 148 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fei He ◽  
Hong mei Yang ◽  
Guo ming Li ◽  
Bing qing Zhu ◽  
Yating Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Population Density ◽  
Neisseria Meningitidis ◽  
Old Age ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Epidemiological Data ◽  
Significant Risk Factor ◽  
Antibiotic Use ◽  
Carriage Rate

Abstract Teenagers are important carriers of Neisseria meningitidis, which is a leading cause of invasive meningococcal disease. In China, the carriage rate and risk factors among teenagers are unclear. The present study presents a retrospective analysis of epidemiological data for N. meningitidis carriage from 2013 to 2017 in Suizhou city, China. The carriage rates were 3.26%, 2.22%, 3.33%, 3.53% and 9.88% for 2013, 2014, 2015, 2016 and 2017, respectively. From 2014 to 2017, the carriage rate in the 15- to 19-year-old age group (teenagers) was the highest and significantly higher than that in remain age groups. Subsequently, a larger scale survey (December 2017) for carriage rate and relative risk factors (population density, time spent in the classroom, gender and antibiotics use) were investigated on the teenagers (15- to 19-year-old age) at the same school. The carriage rate was still high at 33.48% (223/663) and varied greatly from 6.56% to 52.94% in a different class. Population density of the classroom was found to be a significant risk factor for carriage, and 1.4 persons/m2 is recommended as the maximum classroom density. Further, higher male gender ratio and more time spent in the classroom were also significantly associated with higher carriage. Finally, antibiotic use was associated with a significantly lower carriage rate. All the results imply that attention should be paid to the teenagers and various measures can be taken to reduce the N. meningitidis carriage, to prevent and control the outbreak of IMD.

Gender Differences in Risk Factors for Depressive Symptoms in Patients with COPD: The 2014 and 2016 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ji Soo Choi ◽  
Se Hyun Kwak ◽  
San Lee ◽  
Eun Hye Lee
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Gender Differences ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
National Health ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Living Alone ◽  
Nutrition Examination Survey ◽  
Health And Nutrition ◽  
Low Bmi

Abstract Background: Although depression is a common comorbidity of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), the role of gender remains unexplored. We evaluated gender differences of risk factors of depressive symptoms in adults with COPD. Methods: This was a population-based cross-sectional study using data from the 2014 and 2016 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Spirometry was used to identify patients with COPD, defined as a FEV1/FVC ratio <0.7. Presence of depressive symptoms was defined as a total score ≥5 on the Patient Health Questionnaire-9. Results: Overall, 17.8% of participants expressed depressive symptoms, with 13.1% being men and 29.6% being women. Multivariable regression analysis revealed that low BMI (adjusted OR, 2.62), female gender (adjusted OR, 3.48), living alone (adjusted OR, 1.75), currently smoking (adjusted OR, 2.52), and GOLD Stage III/IV (adjusted OR, 2.34) were significant risk factors for depressive symptoms. In a subgroup analysis, low BMI, low income, living alone, and multiple chronic disorders were risk factors of depressive symptoms in men, whereas low educational attainment, urban living, and currently smoking were risk factors in women.Conclusions: As risk factors of depressive symptoms in COPD patients vary according to gender, different approaches are needed to manage depression in men and women with COPD.

scholarly journals Factors Associated with Anxiety and Depression among African American and White Women

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kalycia Trishana Watson ◽  
Nehezi M. Roberts ◽  
Milda R. Saunders
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Low Income ◽  
White Women ◽  
General Health Questionnaire ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Depression And Anxiety ◽  
Neighborhood Poverty ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Self Rated Health ◽  
Multivariable Analyses

Background. We examined factors associated with depression and anxiety in a cohort of low-income Baltimore women. Methods. We used Pathways to Adulthood data, a cohort of adults aged 27 to 33 who were born in Baltimore between 1960 and 1965. Our outcomes were a score of >4 on the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-28) across the depression or anxiety domains. Linear regression clustered on census tract was used for multivariate analysis. Results. In multivariable analyses, unmarried women, White women, those with lower self-rated health, and younger mothers had higher depression scores. Only lower self-rated health and White race were associated with a higher anxiety score. Neither neighborhood poverty nor racial composition was a predictor for anxiety or depression; however, the significant risk factors cluster in disadvantaged neighborhoods. Conclusion. Our work highlights the importance of universal screening for depression or anxiety with more in-depth surveillance based on risk factors rather than on race.

Medication Bezoars: A Literature Review and Report of a Case

1998 ◽  
Vol 32 (9) ◽  
pp. 940-946 ◽  
Author(s):  
James R Taylor ◽  
Daniel S Streetman ◽  
Sharon S Castle
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
English Language ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Relevant Literature ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
The Body ◽  
Surgical Removal ◽  
Diagnostic Challenge ◽  
Medline Search

OBJECTIVE: To describe a case of a medication bezoar and to review the clinical presentation, diagnosis, risk factors, pathogenesis, complications, and treatment of medication bezoars. DATA SOURCES AND STUDY SELECTION: A MEDLINE search (January 1966–December 1997) of the English-language literature pertaining to bezoars was performed. These articles were scanned, and literature specifically discussing medication bezoars was selected. Additionally, the reference sections of pertinent review and case reports were scanned for additional relevant literature. DATA SYNTHESIS: Bezoars are concretions of foreign material within the body. In the case of medication bezoars, these concretions occur within the digestive tract and are composed of medications and/or medication vehicles. Rarely, however, is bezoar formation solely due to a medication. In nearly all reported cases the patient had one or more significant risk factors that contributed to bezoar formation. The exact method by which medication bezoars form is dependent on the particular type or combination of medications involved. Bezoar formation may be associated with significant complications for the patient due to the presence of the bezoar and because of the effects of the medication within the bezoar. Treatment of medication bezoars depends largely on the location and the cause of the bezoar. CONCLUSIONS: Medication bezoars are a rare but potentially serious complication of medication use in certain patients. These patients often present with signs and symptoms consistent with an obstruction of the gastrointestinal tract and represent an even greater diagnostic challenge due to the rarity of this complication. These patients also face significant complications from both the bezoar and the medication within the bezoar. To date, treatment of medication bezoars involves mainly physical manipulation of the bezoar through lavage, endoscopic removal, or, in most cases, surgical removal.

scholarly journals Timing for Closed Reduction Procedure for Developmental Dysplasia of the Hip and its Failure Analysis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhiqiang Zhang ◽  
Hao Li ◽  
Hai Li ◽  
Ziming Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Closed Reduction ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Developmental Dysplasia ◽  
Operating Characteristics ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Midterm Outcome ◽  
Group I ◽  
Dysplasia Of The Hip

Abstract Background It remains controversial whether the older age to perform closed reduction (CR) procedure for developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH), the higher incidence of complications. The aim of this study is to evaluate the midterm outcome of CR for DDH among difference age groups, and to analyze and identify risk factors for the failure of this procedure. Methods Clinical data of 107 DDH patients, who received CR, were retrospectively reviewed. Data were divided into three groups according to initial treatment age (Group I: younger than 12 months; Group II: 12 months to less or equal to18 months; Group III: older than 18 months). The presence of avascular necrosis (AVN), residual acetabular dysplasia (RAD), re-dislocation, and further surgeries (FS) were observed. The risk factors were identified for those outcomes aforementioned using univariable logistic regression models. For identified risk factor age, pre-op acetabular index (AI) and post-op AI, their prediction of CR failure were evaluated by receiver operating characteristics curve (ROC).Results A total of 107 patients (156 hips) undergoing CR procedure were evaluated with a median age at initial reduction of 13.0±5.4 months (range, 4 to 28 mo). Mean follow-up time in this study was 6.7±0.8 years (range, 3-8 years). The incidence of AVN, RAD and re-dislocation was 15.4% (24/156), 17.3% (27/156) and 14.7% (23/156) respectively. For AVN, RAD and re-dislocation, the significant risk factors are pre-op IHDI IV (p=0.033), age≥18 months (p=0.012), and pre-op IHDI IV (p=0.004) and walking (p=0.011), respectively. The areas under the ROC curve of each type of failures were 0.841 (post-op AI), 0.688 (pre-op AI) and 0.650 (age).Conclusions Severe DDH patients older than 18 months with CR procedure may result in a high risk of RAD complication. Re-dislocation is significantly associated with pre-op IHDI IV and walking. Patients, who are older than 12.5 months or have a pre-op AI of 38.7° or a post-op AI of 26.4°, are also more likely to fail of CR procedure.

scholarly journals Risk Factors of Carbohydrate Consumption among Adult Women In Indonesia

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (01) ◽  
Author(s):  
Firdaus Firdaus Daus ◽  
Rimbawan Rimbawan ◽  
Dodik Briawan
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Household Income ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Education Level ◽  
Rural Settlement ◽  
Adult Women ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Carbohydrate Consumption ◽  
Urban Rural

The aims of study were to analyze risk factors of carbohydrate consumption among adult women aged 19-49 years in Indonesia such as Body Mass Indexs (BMI), ages, education level, tipe of occupation, house hold income and urban-rural settlement. The study used data of the Basic Health Research (Riskesdas) 2010 of the Health Reseach and Development Agency of the Ministry of Helath, which was designed as a cross sectional survey. Total sample woman age 19-49 years was 52044 were selected for analysis. A multiple logistic regression model was applied to analyze the risk factors. The prevalence of consumption carbohidrate below 60% of energy adequancy from carbohydrate among woman was 31,6%. The results showed that the significant risk factor of carbohydrate consumption among adult woman were education level (OR for low education= 0.830, CI: 0.776-0.887), household income (OR for low income= 0.905, CI: 0.870-0.942) and urban-rural settlement (OR for rural= 0.564, CI: 0.542-0.587). Normal BMI, high education level, woman with occupation, high household income and urban settlement are protective factors for carbohydrate consumption. 

scholarly journals A STUDY TO DOCUMENT LIFESTYLE ASSOCIATED RISK FACTORS FOR NON COMMUNICABLE DISEASES AMONG ADOLESCENTS

2020 ◽  
pp. 14-15
Author(s):  
Gunjan Jain ◽  
Jigisha Patadia ◽  
Praful Bambhroliya
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Communicable Disease ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Tertiary Care Centre ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Primordial Prevention ◽  
Associated Risk Factors

The burden of morbidity and mortality from Non-Communicable disease has risen worldwide and is accelerating in low-income and middle-income countries. Lifestyle-associated risk factors among adolescent are rampantly increasing throughout the world. They place a tremendous demand on health care systems and social welfare, cause decreased productivity in the workplace, prolong disability and diminish resources within families. A life course approach to preventive efforts addressing NCDs and their risk factors and behaviors will improve child and adolescent health but also decrease lifetime health care costs. Nevertheless, those risk behaviors are initiated usually in the adolescent’s age groups which are continued to adult. Therefore, this group is important target for primordial prevention. This study is a cross-sectional study which aims to determine the prevalence of risk factors among adolescents attending the tertiary care centre in Surat, district of Gujarat, conducted in March 2019 to June 2019. A total of 498 adolescents were screened using a structured questionnaire. The study documented that improper diet is the major risk factor while habits like smoking and alcohol consumption is fairly uncommon. Study recommends creating awareness among adolescents and promoting healthier lifestyle habits.

scholarly journals The COVID-19 Pandemic as a Social Stressor: Psychological and Psychiatric Risk Factors (Based on Foreign Studies)

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 13-25
Author(s):  
Z.V. Lukovtseva
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Psychiatric Care ◽  
Psychological Characteristics ◽  
Diagnostic Tools ◽  
Individual Factors ◽  
Main Factors ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Psychiatric Problems

Objective. Systematization of the main factors of psychological and psychiatric risk during the COVID-19 pandemic, identified in foreign studies. Background. The need to clarify ideas about the determination of psychological and psychiatric problems caused by the socially stressful impact of the COVID-19 pandemic is dictated primarily by the demands of practice. The relevance of actions in this direction is determined by the continuing instability of the epidemiological and socio-economic situation, the need for prompt and wide coverage of those in need with programs of psychological and psychiatric care, the fragmentation and inconsistency of existing information about the impact of the pandemic on the mental health of the population. Methodology. A theoretical analysis of literature sources describing foreign studies of psychological and psychiatric risk factors against the background of a pandemic was carried out; using a comparative analytical method, the meaning and degree of knowledge of situational and individual factors are determined. Conclusions. The general features of studies conducted by psychologists and psychiatrists from different countries against the background of the coronavirus threat were revealed (the predominance of the remote format, the reduction in the variety and volume of diagnostic tools, the use of large-scale samples). The main factors of psychological and psychiatric risk affecting the population in the context of the spread of coronavirus are divided into situational and individual. The factors of the first group are differentiated according to their degree of specificity for the COVID-19 pandemic, while in the second group, socio-demographic and medico-psychological factors are distinguished. It is shown that individual psychological characteristics that can determine the nature of a person’s response to a pandemic remain the least studied and clarification of their composition is an urgent scientific and practical task.

scholarly journals The 5-Factor Modified Frailty Index Predicts Complications and Worsening After Meningioma Surgery in Non-elderly Rather Than Elderly Patients: A Nationwide Registry Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fusao Ikawa ◽  
Nobuaki Michihata ◽  
Soichi Oya ◽  
Toshikazu Hidaka ◽  
Shingo Matsuda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Elderly Patients ◽  
Frailty Index ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Significant Risk Factor ◽  
Nationwide Registry ◽  
Modified Frailty Index ◽  
Meningioma Surgery

Abstract The simplified 5-factor modified frailty index (mFI-5) is a useful indicator of outcome for patients undergoing surgeries and considered as an important risk factor in elderly patients. However, its usefulness has not been validated based on age groups. We aimed to investigate the risk factors including the mFI-5 across age groups for complications and worse outcomes in meningioma surgery using data obtained from the nationwide database in Japan. We extracted data from the nationwide registry database in Japan between 2010 and 2015. Age (< 65, 65–74, and ≥ 75 years), sex, Barthel Index (BI), mFI-5 scores, and complications were evaluated. Multivariate logistic regression analyses identified risk factors across all age groups for worsening BI scores and complications after surgery. In 8,138 included cases, an mFI-5 score ≥ 2 items was a significant risk factor for worsening BI scores in patients aged < 65 years (odds ratio: 2.00; 95% confidence interval: 1.31-3.06), but not in patients aged 65-74 years and those aged ≥ 75 years. Similar results were noted for complications in patients aged < 65 years (2.40; 1.67–3.44), but not in patients aged 65-74 years and those aged ≥ 75 years. In conclusion, the mFI-5 scores can predict the risk of worsening outcome and complications in non-elderly patients aged < 65 years rather than in elderly patients aged ≥ 65 years. In meningioma surgeries, care must be taken when making decisions using the mFI-5 scores based on the patients’ age.Trial RegistrationName: Study on treatment method, age group, complications, and outcome of meningiomas and hemangioblastomas using DPC, URL: http://www.umin.ac.jp/ctr/index-j.htmID: UMIN000038486, No.: R000043856

Differences in limb, age and sex of Chinese deep vein thrombosis patients

2014 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 242-248 ◽  
Author(s):  
Feng Chen ◽  
Ji Xin Xiong ◽  
Wei Min Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Deep Vein Thrombosis ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Vein Thrombosis ◽  
Left Limb ◽  
Deep Vein ◽  
Age And Sex ◽  
Compression Ultrasonography

Objective Recently, the differences in age or sex of deep vein thrombosis (DVT) patients have been widely debated. However, close analyses of the differences in limb, age and sex of Chinese DVT patients have been scarcely reported. The purpose of this research is to study the differences in limb, age and sex of DVT patients. Methods A total of 783 consecutive DVT patients were retrospectively reviewed. Patients with an acute presentation of DVT were diagnosed by means of compression ultrasonography or venography. Clinical characteristics and provoked risk factors were analyzed. Results There were three frequency peaks including two smaller peaks at age 20–24 and 70–74 years, and the largest peak at age 45–59 years. The most significant risk factors affecting different age groups were as follows: pregnancy/puerperium for age ≤39; fracture and hysterectomy for age 40–64; fracture and malignancy for age ≥65. DVT frequency rate provoked by malignancy was higher in right DVT than left DVT (15.8% vs. 4.6%; p < 0.001). Left DVT was more common than right DVT (582 vs. 158). Left DVT tended to occur in females (male:female, 40.5%:59.5%), and right DVT in males (male:female, 74.7%:25.3%). DVT provoked by pregnancy/puerperium (56/63, 88.9%) or hysterectomy (27/30, 90.0%) was mostly located in left limb. Conclusion It is necessary to pay more attention to thromboprophylaxis for patients with the risk factors of pregnancy/puerperium, hysterectomy, fracture and malignancy, especially those over the age of 65. And further research into the cause of limb, age and sex differences in DVT occurrence is needed.

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