scholarly journals An epidemiological cross-sectional study to assess the level of stress and its association with hypertension in young adult population of age group 20 to 40 years in an urban slum of Mumbai, Maharashtra, India

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 348 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amrin Y. Tadvi ◽  
Janardhan R. Bandi
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Urban Slum ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Systematic Sampling ◽  
Mild Stress ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Severe Stress ◽  
Cross Sectional

Background: Hypertension is a growing health concern in Asia and some tend to associate their hypertension to psychosocial stress. However, data on assessment of stress and its relationship with hypertension are rare. The objectives were to assess the level of stress and its relation with hypertension amongst the young population of 20 to 40 years of an urban slum of Mumbai.Methods:A cross sectional community based study of 450 participants in the age group of 20 to 40 years using systematic sampling technique with a random start. Data was collected using a questionnaire-cum-examination form that was devised relevant to the study. Blood pressure was assessed using shypnomanometer and stress was assessed using stress questionnaire score. Blood pressure <139/89 mm Hg (normal) & >140/90 mm of Hg (hypertension).Results: Amongst 450 participants, 41 (9.1%) participants had minimal stress, 164 (36.4%) had mild stress, 142 (31.6%) had moderate stress and 103 (22.9%) had severe stress. Out of 450 participants 73 (16.2%) had blood pressure >140/90 mm of Hg. Association between severe stress and hypertension was found to be statistical significant.Conclusions:Severe stress is associated with development of hypertension. Special attention should be given to increase the awareness about stress, its related complications and prevention and control measures. 

scholarly journals Study of prevalence of hypertension in an adult population of age group 40 to 60 years in an urban slum of Mumbai, Maharashtra, India

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (5) ◽  
pp. 1990
Author(s):  
Neeta Dilip Rathod ◽  
Rushali Rajan Lilare
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Salt Intake ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Urban Slum ◽  
Economic Stress ◽  
Systematic Sampling ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Slum Area ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
History Of

Background: Hypertension is one of the commonest health related risk factor in India, with the largest contribution to burden of disease and mortality. Awareness of hypertension in India is low while appropriate treatment and control among those with hypertension is even lower. This mainly effects the middle age adult populations especially in urban slum area are more vulnerable for hypertension as they are so busy with their job responsibilities, family commitments, economic stress etc. If hypertension is detected early it is possible to minimize the risk of heart attack, heart failure, and stroke and kidney failure. An estimated 18 per cent of men and 13 per cent of women with high blood pressure are not receiving treatment that could protect them from an early death. So it is necessary to study the prevalence of hypertension in adult population of 40 to 60 years in an urban slum and to study the socio- demographic profile of this population.Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out in the field practice area of the T. N. Medical College, Mumbai during the period of July 2015 to June 2016. A total 350 participants in the age group of 40 to 60 years using systematic sampling technique from urban slum area were interviewed and examined. A pre-tested interview tool was used to collect necessary information. Blood pressure <120/80 mmHg (normal), 120/80 to 139/89 mmHg (pre hypertension) and >140/90 mmHg (hypertension).Results: Out of the 350 participants, 148 (42.3%) participants had normal blood pressure and 81 (23.1%) participants had pre-hypertension, 79 (22.6%) participants had stage I hypertension and 42 (12.0%) participants had stage II hypertension.Conclusions: Prevalence of hypertension and pre-hypertension was 34.5% and 23.1% respectively. Various factors like gender, increasing age, low physical activity (exercise), high BMI, history of addiction, history of extra salt intake and family history of hypertension was associated with hypertension.

scholarly journals PREVALENCE OF HYPERTENSION AMONG ADULT POPULATION IN SLUMS OF WEST DELHI

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 350
Author(s):  
Supriya Dwivedi ◽  
Zaozianlungliu Gonmei ◽  
Gurudayal Singh Toteja ◽  
Nidhi Srivastava ◽  
Naval Kishore Vikram ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Lifestyle Modification ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Joint National Committee ◽  
National Committee ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Detection Evaluation

Objective: The present study was conducted to assess the prevalence of hypertension in adult population residing in slums of West Delhi.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among adult population of 18-59 years residing in urban slums of West Delhi. Blood pressure was measured using digital machine (OMRON). The data obtained were analyzed for percent prevalence, mean, standard deviation, and median. Joint National Committee (JNC)on prevention, detection, evaluation, and treatment of high blood pressure (JNC)VI and JNC VII criteria were used to classify hypertension.Results: The overall prevalence of hypertension was 25.3%. The prevalence was higher (27.9%)in males than females (22.8%)and also in the age group 46-59 years (43.0%)as compared to 18-45 years (19.8%). The overall prevalence of prehypertension, Stage I and Stage II hypertension, respectively, was 35.2%, 16.1% and 9.2%.Conclusion: A one-fourth of the adult population is hypertensive. Early diagnosis and treatment are advisable, besides awareness about dietary and lifestyle modification.

scholarly journals 597Factors associated with malaria among febrile patients aged from five years in Ngoma district-Rwanda, 2019

2021 ◽  
Vol 50 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean Claude Niyoyita
Keyword(s):  
Data Entry ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Systematic Sampling ◽  
Age Group ◽  
African Region ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Prevention And Control Measures ◽  
Systematic Sampling Method

Abstract Background Malaria is a public health problem mostly in African region. More malaria studies have been investigated for under five children while little information is known for persons aged five and above. We assessed the prevalence and factors associated with malaria among febrile patients aged from five years in Ngoma district. Method Cross-sectional study was conducted from November to December, 2018. Systematic sampling method was used for participant’s selection. Data collection questionnaires were completed after informed or assent forms were signed by the participants. Thick blood smears were collected and tested for malaria parasites by laboratory personnel. Data entry was done through Microsoft Excel while STATA Version 13.0 was used for analysis. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression was computed to determine the association between dependent and independent variables at 95%CI, p &lt; 0.05. Results Overall, 420 febrile patients aged from five years were recruited and 257(61.2%) were confirmed malaria positive. Malaria microscopic positive results were significantly associated with being Male (aOR=1.57,95%CI:1.01-2.46) and living in Mutenderi Sector (aOR=7, 95%CI:1.2-40.92) compared to living elsewhere in Ngoma district. However in reference to 5-14 years age group, being in the age group of 15-24 years (aOR= 0.34, 95%CI:0.12-0.94) and ≥35 years (aOR=0.29, 95%CI:0.11-0.79) were more likely protected from the infection. Conclusion Malaria parasitaemia was found high in febrile patients aged five and above in the study area thus its prevention and control measures should be taken into consideration in this aged group as well. Moreover, particular attention is needed to male, Mutenderi residents and those in the 5-14 age group as they are more likely to get the malaria infection. Key messages Malaria, aged from five ,febrile patients

scholarly journals Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii and associated risk factors in domestic pigs raised from Cuba

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julio César Castillo-Cuenca ◽  
Álvaro Martínez-Moreno ◽  
José Manuel Diaz-Cao ◽  
Angel Entrena-García ◽  
Jorge Fraga ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Toxoplasma Gondii ◽  
Meat Products ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Weaning Pigs ◽  
Associated Risk Factors

AbstractA cross-sectional study was carried out to determine the seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii and associated risk factors in pigs in the largest pork-producing region in Cuba. Serum samples from 420 pigs, including 210 sows and 210 post-weaning pigs, were tested for antibodies against T. gondii using a commercial indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Anti-T. gondii antibodies were detected in 56 animals (13.3%, 95% CI: 10.1–16.6). A generalized estimating equations model revealed that the risk factors associated with higher seropositivity in pigs were altitude (higher in farm’s location < 250 m above sea level (masl) versus ≥ 250 masl) and age (higher in sows compared to post-weaning pigs). The results indicated that this protozoan parasite is widely distributed on pig farms in the study area, which is a public health concern since the consumption of raw or undercooked pork meat products containing tissue cysts is considered one of the main routes of T. gondii transmission worldwide. Control measures should be implemented to reduce the risk of exposure to T. gondii in pigs in Cuba.

scholarly journals Obesity, Blood Pressure, and Intraocular Pressure: A Cross-Sectional Study in Italian Children

Obesity Facts ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Claudia Pileggi ◽  
Rosa Papadopoli ◽  
Caterina De Sarro ◽  
Carmelo Giuseppe Angelo Nobile ◽  
Maria Pavia
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Intraocular Pressure ◽  
School Children ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Paediatric Population ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Drinking Habits ◽  
Physical Examinations ◽  
Italian Children

<b><i>Introduction:</i></b> Several studies in the adult population have shown that obesity is an independent risk factor for elevated intraocular pressure (IOP), whereas data in the paediatric population are sparse and controversial. The purpose of the present study is to investigate the relationship between body mass index (BMI), blood pressure (BP), and IOP in healthy school children. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> The survey was conducted among a random sample of 8-year-old Italian students. Data were collected on their health status and behaviours related to obesity (physical activity, food and drinking habits, etc.). Physical examinations, conducted at school, included measurements of height, weight, BP, and IOP. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Five hundred and seventy-six subjects were recruited (92.8% response rate); 42.4% were overweight or obese, 58.9% consumed inadequate daily servings of fruit and vegetables, and 87.5% were involved in sedentary activities. Elevated BP/hypertension (HTN) affected 3.6% and high IOP was revealed in 12.5% of the children. In the multivariate analysis, elevated BP/HTN was the only significant determinant of ocular HTN (OR 5.36, 95% CI 1.95–14.73, <i>p</i> = 0.001). <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> Our results show that high IOP affects 12.5% of 8-year-old school children and appears to be associated with high BP related to a high BMI.

Abstract WMP57: Declining Blood Pressure is Associated with Subcortical Microinfarcts in Older Adults

Stroke ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 48 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mekala R Raman ◽  
Jonathan Graff-Radford ◽  
Scott A Przybelski ◽  
Timothy G Lesnick ◽  
Michelle M Mielke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Elderly Population ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Blood Pressure Measurement ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Pressure Measurements ◽  
Autopsy Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Blood Pressures

Hypertension is highly prevalent in the elderly population and microinfarcts are the most common vascular brain pathology identified in older adults at autopsy. We investigated the associations between systolic and diastolic blood pressures measured antemortem and the presence of microinfarcts at autopsy. Study subjects (n=302; age range=71-95) were participants in the population-based Mayo Clinic Study of Aging autopsy study, who had blood pressure measurements recorded during life. We investigated both cross-sectional systolic and diastolic blood pressure measurements at the baseline visit and the change in blood pressure (slope). Presence and location (subcortical or cortical) of chronic microinfarcts was abstracted from the autopsy reports. Of the 302 study subjects, 47 (16%) had cerebral microinfarcts, and, of those, 18 (38%) had subcortical microinfarcts and 29 (62%) had only cortical microinfarcts. The baseline blood pressures were not different between subjects with no microinfarcts, subcortical microinfarcts, and only cortical microinfarcts. In a logistic regression model including time between last blood pressure measurement and death, a greater decline in systolic [OR= 1.06 (1.01, 1.11); p=0.02]) and greater decline in diastolic [OR= 1.11 (1.02, 1.20); p=0.01] blood pressures were predictors of the presence of subcortical microinfarcts at autopsy. However, these variables were not associated with the presence of cortical microinfarcts. In conclusion, microinfarcts are common in the older adult population, and most of them are located in the cortex. A greater decline in both systolic and diastolic blood pressures and their association with subcortical microinfarcts, but not with cortical microinfarcts, may have implications for aggressive lowering of blood pressure in the elderly population.

scholarly journals An observational study on patient compliance and adverse drug reactions of antihypertensives drugs in a tertiary care center of Bihar

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 190-193
Author(s):  
Mrityunjay Kumar Pandit ◽  
Kumar Gaurav ◽  
Jeetendra Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Combination Therapy ◽  
Antihypertensive Drugs ◽  
Care Center ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Institutional Ethics

Hypertension is among the most common non-communicable and lifestyle disease in our country that affects adult population of both the genders from all socio-economic backgrounds and urban and rural population. In-spite of this, early diagnosis and appropriate treatment are suboptimal. Adherence of prescribed treatment has been studied in patients of hypertension in this study. : An observational and cross-sectional study was conducted in the Department of Pharmacology, Jawahar Lal Nehru Medical College and Hospital, Bhagalpur, Bihar. Prior to the initiation of the study, clearance was obtained from the Institutional Ethics Committee. Study period was between January 2021 and June 2021.A predesigned pretested interview schedule was used to collect the data from the 247 study participants. This schedule contained information related to socio-demographic variables, comorbidity, a format to assess the compliance to antihypertensive drugs prescribed and any adverse event. : A significant improvement in maintain optimal in blood pressure was observed in patients treated with one pill per day as compared to patients prescribed with two and three pills per day. Compliance was significantly better in patients in combination therapy as compared to monotherapy. : Low dose combination therapy has been stated to be more effective than high dose monotherapy in controlling blood pressure. It shows better compliance and lesser incidence of side-effects.

scholarly journals Take-out food frequency was associated with energy intake among mothers of young children in urban slum area in North Jakarta

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 70
Author(s):  
Fitya Safira Birahmatika ◽  
Dian Novita Chandra ◽  
Luh Ade Ari Wiradnyani
Keyword(s):  
Young Children ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Significant Negative Correlation ◽  
Urban Slum ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Slum Area ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Health And Nutrition

Introduction: Inadequate energy intake was prevalent among women of reproductive age, which may contribute to poor diet. Having great concern towards health and nutrition may play a role in shaping eating habit and food-related behavior to achieve a healthy diet. This study aims to examine the association between health concern and energy intake, while considering other factors such as cooking frequency and having food away from home.Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out in an urban slum area in Jakarta, involving 233 mothers of young children through consecutive sampling. Data was collected through interview using structured questionnaire, including 2x24-hour dietary recall. All statistical analysis was performed using SPSS Version 20.Results: Energy intake of most subjects did not meet the recommendation. There was no significant correlation between health concern measured by General Health Interest Scale and energy intake. The frequency of having take-out food was a significant predictor of the energy intake. Additionally, a significant negative correlation between health concern and having take-out food was found.Conclusion: Having take-out food was associated with energy intake. Provision of health and nutrition information in the food stores might help to increase health concern to shape a healthier diet. Thus, a collaborative effort targeting both food sellers and customers is essential.

scholarly journals An epidemiological study of the prevalence and determinants of overweight and obesity in women of reproductive age (15 to 49 years) group in an urban slum

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 2460
Author(s):  
Pratibha U. Mulik ◽  
Sudam R. Suryawanshi
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Physical Exercise ◽  
Significant Relationship ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Urban Slum ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Age Group ◽  
History Of

Background: After comparing data of NFHS-3 and 4, prevalence of overweight and obesity in women of an urban population almost doubled in 10 yr. So, the causes of increasing prevalence need to be studied as public health concern. Objective of the study is to determine prevalence of overweight and obesity among reproductive age group (15-49 years) of women in an urban slum of Mumbai.Methods: Total 220 women were selected among 11 sectors from A to K by simple random method and data collected by using validated questionnaire. WHO’s classification was used to classify as overweight and obese.Results: Out of 220 women participated in study, 14 (6.36%) were obese, 75 (34.09%) were overweight according to BMI and 17 (7.7%) were found to be obese according to waist to hip ratio. From the present study it was seen that age group of the women, socio economic class, education, history of hypothyroidism, family history of obesity, types of work women do, hours of television watching, calorie and fat intake, had a significant relationship with BMI, whereas physical exercise they used to do and tendency to sleep in the afternoon and hours of sleep in the night had non-significant relationship with BMI.Conclusions: Obesity and overweight is found to be a growing public health problem and can be preventable. Interventional measures include developing healthy eating habits, regular moderate physical exercise, sleeping habits, health camps for screening of overweight and obesity.

scholarly journals An epidemiological cross-sectional study to assess the socio-demographic profile and to study the prevalence of overweight and obesity among adults in an urban slum of Mumbai

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (8) ◽  
pp. 2718
Author(s):  
Daniel A. Saji ◽  
Mahesh B. Jajulwar ◽  
Anita G. Shenoy
Keyword(s):  
Significant Relationship ◽  
Urban Slum ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Class Iii ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Obesity Epidemic ◽  
Economic Class

Background: Obesity is perhaps the most prevalent form of malnutrition. As a chronic disease, prevalent in both developed and developing countries, and affecting both children and adults. In India due urbanization and modernization people are moving into urban centres and along with increasing wealth, concerns about an obesity epidemic in India are growing. The present study was carried out to assess the demographic distribution and prevalence of overweight and obesity in adults in an urban slum. Methods: The cross sectional study includes 350 adult populations from the Shivaji Nagar (Govandi) urban slum of the Mumbai city in India and study was carried out over a period of one year from August 2014 to July 2015. Results: Our study showed that most of subjects are in the age group of 38-57. Sex distribution was relatively equal with 44% males and 56% females. Majority of the population were Muslims. Majority of the subjects (50.6%) belong to class III, (26.9%). 32.3% subjects were obese and 8.6% were overweight according to BMI (basal metabolic index) while merely 6.6% were overweight according to WHR (waist to hip ratio). Thus BMI was found to be a better indicator than WHR for measuring obesity. Conclusions: From the present study it was seen that age group of the subjects, socio economic class, and level of education had a significant relationship with BMI, whereas sex of the subjects had non-significant relationship with BMI. 

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