scholarly journals Socio-cultural determinants of open defecation in rural households of Perambalur district, Tamil Nadu

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 1594 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rakesh Kumar ◽  
Sati P. Sinha
Keyword(s):  
Sex Education ◽  
Tamil Nadu ◽  
Communication Strategy ◽  
Open Defecation ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Change Communication ◽  
The People ◽  
Cultural Determinants ◽  
Study Participants

Background: In many areas of the world, including India, open defecation still remains the predominant norm and poses one of the biggest threats to the health of the people particularly in rural areas.Objectives were to study the prevalence and socio-cultural determinants of open defecation in rural area of Perambalur district.Methods: The present cross-sectional was done in a three randomly selected villages falling under rural field practice area of Department of Community Medicine of Dhanalakshmi Srinivasan Medical College and Hospital in Perambalur district (Tamil Nadu). Data was collected on 330 houses using pre-tested interview schedule developed using SBM-G questionnaire/schedule for ODF verification for household surveys which was modified for present study. Statistical analysis was done using Epi Info version 7 software.Results: Most (89.1%) of the study participants were above 30 years of age. Majority of respondents (39.4%) were illiterate. Prevalence of open defecation was 78.8%. Only 70 (21.2%) houses were using household sanitary latrines. Various reasons reported for open defecation were unawareness about availability of public latrine (41.5%), inadequate water (15.3%), insufficient space for latrine construction (16.9%), inadequate money (10%), considering open defecation better (16.6%) and caste based discrimination (0.4%). The study found sex, education and occupation of head of family to be significantly associated with open defecation.Conclusions: This study highlights the need for implementation well planned behavior change communication strategy to stop the menace of open defecation.

scholarly journals Self-medication practices versus health of the community

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (8) ◽  
pp. 2757
Author(s):  
Ruma Dutta ◽  
Dinesh Raja ◽  
Anuradha R. ◽  
Lawrence Dcruze ◽  
Timsi Jain ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tamil Nadu ◽  
Data Entry ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
Community Medicine ◽  
Self Medication ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Medical College ◽  
The People ◽  
Field Practice

Background: Self-medication is a common practice worldwide and the irrational use of drugs is a cause of concern. Self-medication involves the use of medicinal products by the individuals to treat self-recognized disorders or symptoms, or the intermittent or continuous use of a medication prescribed by a physician for chronic or recurring diseases or symptoms. The objectives of the study were to find out the prevalence of self-medication practices in the community; to describe the common conditions where self-medication is practiced.Methods: A community based cross sectional study was conducted in a rural population at Kuthambakkam village, Tamil Nadu from February 2015 to July 2015. This village falls under the rural field practice area of Department of Community Medicine, Saveetha Medical College and hospital, Thandalam. There were 1175 households in this village of which 165 households were identified for the study purpose using simple random sampling technique. Statistical analysis: Data entry and analysis was done using SPSS version 16 software. Descriptive statistics were calculated for background variables, attitude and practices of self-medication. Results: The study was conducted in 165 households in Kuthambakkam village, the rural field practice area of Department of Community Medicine, Saveetha Medical College. The median age of the study participants was 38 years. The minimum age was 17 and maximum was 77 years. 73 (44.2%) of study subjects reported having health problems currently. Of them, 76.7% replied they consulted a doctor for their problem, 17.8% resorted to self-medication and rest 5.5% took native treatment at home. Conclusions: It is imperative to address the practice of self-medication among the people in the age of growing drug resistance being reported. Periodic studies on the knowledge, attitude and practice of self-medication may give an insight into the pattern of drug use among the people. 

scholarly journals Prevalence of self-medication practices in urban area of Kanchipuram district, Tamil Nadu

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 1089
Author(s):  
A. Abdul Azeez Thoufiq ◽  
Aljin Vijayan
Keyword(s):  
Tamil Nadu ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
P Value ◽  
Health Issues ◽  
Self Medication ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Important Health ◽  
Study Participants

Background: Self-medication is the selection and use of medicines by individuals to treat self-recognized illnesses or symptoms. Self-medication is one element of self-care. The World Self-medication Industry defines self-medication as the treatment of common health problems with medicines especially designed, labelled and approved for use without medical supervision. It is also defined as the use of drugs to treat self-diagnosed disorders or symptoms, or the intermittent or continued use of a prescribed drug for chronic or recurrent disease or symptoms. This study was carried out to investigate the problem and factors responsible for self medication.Methods: A community based cross sectional descriptive study was conducted in Anakaputhur, an urban field practice area of Sree Balaji Medical College. A pre-tested structured questionnaire was used as a study tool to interview the study participants, conducted by face to face interview.Results: There is an association present between age groups and self-medication were the p value was 0.035. There is an association present between occupation and subjects on self-medication p=0.001. An association present between education and self-medication, per capita income and self-medication and marital status and self-medication with a p=0.000. No statistically significant association was found between other factors like tobacco use and alcohol use with self-medication.Conclusions: Self-medication is an important health issues in India. Health education of the public and regulation of pharmacies may help in limiting the self-medication practices.

scholarly journals Factors associated with open air defecation in a rural field practice area of a medical college: a cross sectional study

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 909
Author(s):  
Arshiya Taranum ◽  
Satya Reddy ◽  
Muhammed Muntazeem G. ◽  
Bhaskar Kurre
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Open Spaces ◽  
Open Defecation ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Medical College ◽  
The Family ◽  
Field Practice ◽  
Bodies Of Water ◽  
Study Participants

Background: Open defecation is the practice where people go out in fields, bushes, forests, open bodies of water or other open spaces rather than using the toilet to defecate. The health hazards due open air defecation are soil and water pollution, contamination of foods and propagation of flies which results in the spread of diseases like typhoid, cholera, dysenteries, diarrheas, hookworm diseases, ascariasis, viral hepatitis and other intestinal infections.Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted at Singanodi village. 122 houses were selected for interview. One member from each household, preferably the head of the family was interviewed. The questionnaire included the socio-demographic features, practices about sanitary latrine usage and awareness about the diseases due to open air defecation. Data was entered in MS Excel and analysed using SPSS vs 20.Results: In the study the prevalence of open air defecation was found to be 63.1%. Majority of the study participants (52.5%) had sanitary latrines in their houses. 15.6% of the household practices open air defecation in spite of having toilets in their homes. Significant association was found between education and overcrowding with open air defecation.Conclusions: The study reinforces the importance of creating awareness about the importance of sanitary latrines and involvement of Government, NGO and communities is essential to stop open air defecation practices.

scholarly journals A study on awareness and prevention of dengue fever among outpatients attending a health centre in the rural area of Kancheepuram district

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 1190
Author(s):  
A. Johnpaul ◽  
A. Abdul Azeez Thoufiq ◽  
R. Umadevi
Keyword(s):  
Dengue Fever ◽  
Tamil Nadu ◽  
Health Centre ◽  
Study Group ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Medical College ◽  
The People ◽  
Awareness Programs ◽  
Spss Software

Background: Dengue fever has become one of the major public health problems in all developing countries. It is essential to create awareness among people as it can be prevented by simple practices. The study was conducted to find the awareness among the people thus determining the need to educate the people regarding the preventive measures of dengue fever.Methods: This was a cross-sectional community-based study conducted among the outpatients and their attenders visiting a Rural Health Training Center of private Medical College and Hospital, belonging to Alandur block in Kancheepuram district, Tamil Nadu during January 2019 to March 2019. 260 subjects within the age group of 18 to 82 years were selected by convenient sampling method. The data was collected by interviewing and by using questionnaires. Analysis of the structured data was done using SPSS software version 16.Results: The study included 260 respondents who gave their consent for the study. 60.8% of the study group were males. Mean age of the study group was 35.36 years. 58.1% of the individuals were educated more that 10th standard. Knowledge about the mode of transmission was correctly stated by 85.8%. Around 15% were not aware of breeding places of mosquitoes.Conclusions: From this study it was evident that there is a definite gap in understanding the various aspects of dengue fever. Thus, we conclude that regular awareness programs should be conducted in the form of campaigns and house visits to create awareness among all individuals.

Assessment of Stature from Hand Span - A Cross Sectional Descriptive Investigation among Undergraduate Medical Students

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 577-582
Author(s):  
Mani Kathapillai
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Tamil Nadu ◽  
Male Students ◽  
Span Length ◽  
Undergraduate Medical Students ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Hand Size ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Hand Length

BACKGROUND Hand size measurements are commonly used references when instruments are not available and still practiced in rural and even in urban areas of Tamil Nadu. Ancient literature evidences have adequate support for their usage. We wanted to correlate hand span length, hand breadth, and hand length with the stature of an individual. We also wanted to compare the level of correlation of hand span length between males and females. METHODS 214 students were recruited for this study as a convenient sample size. Male students were 122, females were 92. They were aged between 18 - 23 years of Shri Sathya Sai Medical College and Research Institute. Hand span is the distance between tips of the casually extended pollex and minimus. RESULTS The results of Pearson’s correlations were moderately significant between height and the hand breadth (0.315), between height and weight (0.340), and between height and hand length (0.387). The extent of correlation was significant between height and the hand span (0.954) in case of males. In case of females, value of the correlation was also moderately significant between height and the hand breadth (0.619), between height and weight (0.392), between height and hand length (0.515) and between height and the hand span (0.973). CONCLUSIONS The stature was reliably estimated from the hand span length, and the same could be applied for the medicolegal, and forensic purposes. KEY WORDS Hand Span, Stature, Medico Legal, Anthropometry

SMOKELESS TOBACCO USE AND ASSOCIATED SOCIO-ECONOMIC DEMOGRAPHIC FACTORS AMONG ADULTS IN AN URBAN RESETTLEMENT COLONY OF DELHI

2021 ◽  
pp. 24-27
Author(s):  
Varun Singh ◽  
Mongjam Meghachandra Singh ◽  
Reeta Devi ◽  
Suneela Garg ◽  
Bratati Banerjee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Smokeless Tobacco ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Government Employees ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Change Communication ◽  
North East ◽  
Collection Data ◽  
One Year ◽  
Study Participants

Background: Smokeless tobacco (SLT) consumption poses serious health problems and is considered to be a signicant risk factor for oral, esophageal and pancreatic cancers. Estimation of the magnitude of consumption of SLT would be useful in planning for tobacco control activities in the community. Objectives: The study was conducted to estimate the prevalence of smokeless tobacco (SLT) use among adult population and to identify the socioeconomic factors associated with the SLT use among them. Methods: This was a community based cross-sectional study conducted in an urban resettlement colony of North East Delhi among adult population (>18 years age). A pre-tested interview schedule adapted from the Global Adult Tobacco Survey India (GATS India) was used for data collection. Data was analyzed using SPPS version 25. Results: A total of 440 study participants were enrolled for the study. The overall prevalence of SLT use was 24.5% (95 % CI: 20.6 - 28.8), higher in males (28.7%)(OR 1.75) as compared to females (18.7%), more in graduate or above educated (34.6%)(OR 2.02), and among government employees (48.6%)(OR 4.2)(p<0.05). The prevalence of common forms of SLT consumed were: pan masala with tobacco (15%), gutka (12.3%), zarda (10.5%), khaini (9.3%), and gul (5.2%). The most common reason for initiation of SLT use among the users was found to be seeking enjoyment 46(42.6%). Only 35 (37.6%) current SLT users planned to quit SLT in next one year of the survey. Conclusion: Nearly one fourth of the study subjects used SLT and more among males, education level graduate and above, and Government employees. This highlights the need to plan behavior change communication strategies and counsel them for reduction or cessation of SLT use

SOCIODEMOGRAPHIC AND ANTHROPOMETRIC PROFILE OF DIABETIC PATIENTS ATTENDING IN A DIABETIC CLINIC IN A TERTIARY MEDICAL COLLEGE AND HOSPITAL, WEST BENGAL

2021 ◽  
pp. 12-15
Author(s):  
Smarajit Banik ◽  
Sandip Saha ◽  
Sudipan Mitra ◽  
Ujjwal Pattanayak ◽  
Rajib Sikder ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
West Bengal ◽  
Tertiary Care Hospital ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Diabetes Clinic ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Study Participants

Background: Diabetes mellitus is one of the important causes of morbidity and mortality. With a rise in non communicable diseases in India, diabetes has become a modern epidemic showing a rising trend in West Bengal also. A large number of diabetes patients come to the diabetes clinic of our tertiary care hospital in North Bengal Medical College and Hospital, Darjeeling, West Bengal. The large proportion of patients presenting with this condition prompted us to study the Sociodemographic and Anthropometric Prole of such patients. Methods: This was a descriptive hospital based cross sectional study involving a total of 344 diabetic patients enrolled in the diabetes clinic of a tertiary care teaching hospital from December 2019 to February 2020. A self-administered questionnaire was used to collect data and was analyzed in Microsoft excel sheet and using SPSS 20.0 software. Results: Among the 344 study participants, we found that 220 (63.95%) were males and 124 (36.05%) were females. Diabetes was more common among those aged 51-60 years 108 (31.40%). Family history was present among 188 (54.65%) of the diabetic patients. Almost 160 (46.51%) patients have diabetes 1.1 – 5 years. Hypertension was present among 216 (62.79%) patients. Almost 218 (63.37%) of the patients were overweight and 84 (24.42%) were obese. Conclusions: The diabetic patients presenting to this tertiary care hospital belong lower socioeconomic strata and having limited education in their age group. There is high proportion of obesity and hypertension among them.

scholarly journals Role of Squash Cytology in Intraoperative Diagnosis of Meningioma

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gowri Prakasam ◽  
K Karkuzhali ◽  
Veeraraghavan Gurusamy
Keyword(s):  
Tamil Nadu ◽  
Frozen Section ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Histopathological Diagnosis ◽  
Suspected Case ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Cost Effective Technique

Introduction: Primary Central Nervous System (CNS) tumours constitute less than 2% of overall cancers in adults and are the second most frequently encountered tumours in children. Meningiomas form 24-30% of primary intracranial tumours. Most intrinsic brain tumours are soft and gelatinous in consistency, smear preparation can readily made which gives excellent cytological details when compared to frozen section as the latter produces ice crystal artifacts. Aim: To assess the diagnostic utility of squash cytological evaluation of meningiomas and its comparison with final histopathological diagnosis. Materials and Methods: The cross-sectional study was done at Thanjavur Medical College, Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, India for period of three years from January 2015 to December 2017. Total of 54 clinically diagnosed and radiologically suspected case of meningiomas were selected. Smears were prepared from the biopsy samples sent in normal saline and stained by Haematoxylin and Eosin (H&E) method. The cytological features were noted and matched with biopsy findings. Descriptive statistics were used to analyse the results. Results: Total of 54 squash smears with male to female ratio was 1:1.5. Maximum number of cases were seen between 41- 50 years followed by 51-60 years. Complete concordance was obtained in 51 cases (94.44%) and partial concordance was noted in a case due to underestimation of malignancy grade in squash cytology. Out of 54 cases, two cases were found to be discordant with final histopathological diagnosis. Conclusion: Intraoperative squash cytology is easy, rapid, reliable and cost-effective technique for neurosurgical consultation with fairly high accuracy in diagnosing meningiomas.

scholarly journals Study of aetiology and clinical spectrum of patients with acute undifferentiated fever, in a tertiary care setting: a descriptive cross-sectional study

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. 1566
Author(s):  
Vinay Jishtu ◽  
Pramod K. Jaret ◽  
Prem Chand Machhan ◽  
Nidhi Chauhan
Keyword(s):  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Febrile Illness ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Clinical Spectrum ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Hospital Data ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Gandhi Medical College ◽  
Study Participants

Background: Acute undifferentiated fever illness (AUFI) is a common cause of morbidity and mortality in developing countries, owing to its non-specific features. The aim of the study was to delineate the causes and clinical parameters associated with AUFI.Methods: A cross-sectional study was done among 156 patients of AUFI, admitted in the Department of Medicine, Indira Gandhi Medical College, Shimla, Himachal Pradesh, India, from November 2018 to October 2019.Results: The mean age of the study participants was 37.37±14.2 years. The study participants admitted for acute undifferentiated febrile illness had fever with mean duration of 8.38±3.7 days before hospitalization. The most common aetiology of AUFI was found to be enteric fever (44%), followed by scrub typhus (35%). The majority of the cases presented from the month of September to December.Conclusions: The aetiology and clinical spectrum of AUFI is wide and variable. To outline a proper algorithm to contain it, meticulous analysis of the hospital data at each level is necessary.

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