scholarly journals Morbidity pattern in the school going adolescent girls of rural and urban Prayagraj, Uttar Pradesh

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (7) ◽  
pp. 2986
Author(s):  
Nitisha Dabas ◽  
Shiv Prakash ◽  
Khurshid Parveen ◽  
Richa Singh
Keyword(s):  
Adolescent Girls ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Skin Diseases ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Gastrointestinal Diseases ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Ear Diseases ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Study Participants

Background: Adolescence is an intermediary phase from childhood to adulthood and is a very delicate phase of life. WHO has defined Adolescence as the period between 10-19 years of life. Among adolescents, girls constitute a more vulnerable group, particularly in developing countries, where they are traditionally married at an early age and are exposed to greater risk of reproductive morbidity and mortality. Nutritional deficiency disorders (stunting, wasting), menstrual disorders, mental health problems etc. appear as serious problem during this stage. The study was done with objective to assess the morbidity pattern in school going adolescent girls in Urban and Rural Prayagraj.Methods: A school based cross-sectional study was carried out in Prayagraj district. Study participants were 800 adolescent girls, 400 urban and 400 rural of age groups 10–19 years studying in class 6th to 12th. The data was collected by using predesigned, pretested, semi structured questionnaire and analyzed by using SPSS 21.0 version.Results: It was observed that most prevalent morbidity in rural and urban school going adolescent girls were dysmenorrhoea 381 (47.6%), pallor 296 (37%), psychological problems 325 (40.6%) and ocular diseases 191 (23.8%). Other morbidities were hypertension, dental problems, overweight/obesity, skin diseases, ear diseases, respiratory diseases, gastrointestinal diseases and injury.Conclusions: Out of 800 study participants, 275 adolescent girls were having morbidity. Significant difference in proportion of morbidities was found among rural and urban adolescent girls with ear diseases, eye diseases, pallor, dysmenorrhoea, overweight/obesity and hypertension. 

A Cross Sectional Study to Evaluate Cutaneous Manifestations in Diabetic Patients and their Correlation with Sugar Control at Tertiary Care Center in Western Maharashtra

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 104-108
Author(s):  
Dr. Ashutosh Chate ◽  
Dr. Amrut Swami ◽  
Ms. Sakshi Rane ◽  
Dr. Ramesh Gosavi
Keyword(s):  
Skin Diseases ◽  
Care Center ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Cutaneous Manifestations ◽  
Skin Manifestations ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Study Participants

Introduction: Diabetes is a leading chronic disease in world and number of cases are significantly increasing each year in India also. Out of many associated conditions, skin involvement in diabetes also needs to be evaluated. We conducted this study to study relation between the sugar control and skin manifestations in diabetic patients. Methodology: We studied total 100 diabetic patients visiting our dermatology OPD over a period of 1 year from January to December 2020. All skin diseases in diabetic patients were studied. We studied association of these diseases with sugar control in our study participants. Results: Mean age of our study participants was 63.48 ± 18.12 years, Majority of the males were from the age group of 61 and above, 34 (62.96%) while majority of the females were from the age group of 41-60 years 25 (54.35%). Majority of the patients had diabetes for 5-10 years (52%) followed by more than 10 years (36%) and less than 5 years in 24% cases. Out of 100 participants, 44% had controlled diabetes while rest 56% had uncontrolled diabetes with HbA1c > 6. We observed a significant difference in skin manifestations of controlled and uncontrolled sugars in diabetic patients. (p = 0.007). Conclusion: From this study, we conclude that the skin is involved in diabetes quite often. Early diagnosis and treatment of skin manifestations in diabetic patients is important to reduce unwanted morbidity and further complications in the diabetic patients.

scholarly journals Morbidity pattern and its correlates among adolescent girls residing in rural and urban areas of Haldwani, India

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (11) ◽  
pp. 4889
Author(s):  
Neha Goyal
Keyword(s):  
Adolescent Girls ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Skin Diseases ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Nutritional Deficiencies ◽  
Late Adolescent ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Rural And Urban Areas ◽  
Rural And Urban

Background: Adolescent girls are vulnerable to different morbidities as their health is a confluence of diverse factors, with the profile of disease burden varying from early adolescent girls of 10-14 years age, to late adolescent girls of 15-19 years age.Methods: This cross-sectional study was done in rural and urban schools of Haldwani block of district Nainital. Multistage random sampling was used to select adolescent girls of 10 to 19 years of age, who were clinically examined and interviewed. Data was analysed using SPSS v21. Statistically significant association was established by Chi-square test.Results: Common morbidities found among adolescent girls were menstrual problems (54.81%), malnutrition including nutritional deficiencies (54.03%), refractive errors (31.17%), hair problems (28.31%) and dental problems (28.18%). General morbidity was present among 51.69% and 61.47% of rural and urban girls respectively. 123 (15.97%) and 97 (12.60%) were found to suffer from skin diseases and respiratory diseases respectively.Conclusions: This study revealed a high prevalence of various morbid conditions among adolescent girls despite of various ongoing measures addressing them.

scholarly journals A study on prevalence of anemia among late adolescent girls in JSS Schools and Colleges of rural and urban Mysuru district, Karnataka, India

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 4475
Author(s):  
Satendra Kumar Verma ◽  
Sunil Kumar D. ◽  
Rufia Shaistha Khanum ◽  
Narayanmurthy M. R.
Keyword(s):  
Adolescent Girls ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Late Adolescent ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
History Of ◽  
Women And Children ◽  
Physiological Demands ◽  
Study Participants ◽  
Prevalence Of Anemia

Background: Anemia is the commonest micronutrient deficiency across the world. The burden of disease is high in underdeveloped and developing countries. Anemia itself is not a disease but a symptom of underlying deficiency. A large portion of iron deficiency is preventable with appropriate and timely intervention. Adolescence is a crucial phase for growth and development. Increased physiological demands, poor attitude of young children towards nutrition, lack of awareness amongst parents about healthy diet etc., are some of the reasons that makes anemia common among adolescents.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in JSS schools and pre-university during February 2021. Sample size is 292 and a total of 300 girls in late adolescent age group were included in the study. Haemoglobin estimation was done by finger prick method using a digital haemoglobinometer. A structured proforma was used to collect data regarding socio-demographic characteristics and factors associated with anemia.Results: In our study 49% of the girls were anemic. Mean haemoglobin levels of the girls were 14±4 mg/dl. In this study there was significant association between menarche status (p=0.0041) and history of taking iron supplements (p=0.04). Significant association was noted between the mother’s education and the study participants’ anemia status (p=0.00). Significant association was noticed between BMI category of the study participants and their anemia status (p<2.2e-16).Conclusions: Anemia is huge problem among adolescent girls. The awareness is poor regarding the disease and its effects. The community is ignorant about the detrimental effects of anemia. Hence appropriate health interventions targeting women and children are needed to see any positive changes in their status.

MORBIDITY PATTERN AMONG ADOLESCENT SCHOOL GIRLS IN RURAL AND URBAN SCHOOL OF JHANSI (U.P.)- A COMPARATIVE CROSS-SECTIONAL SURVEY

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shubhanshu Gupta ◽  
Sanjeev Kumar ◽  
Piyush D Swami ◽  
Anjana Niranjan
Keyword(s):  
Health Status ◽  
Adolescent Girls ◽  
Low Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Optimal Level ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
World Health ◽  
World Population ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Rural And Urban

Background: According to World Health Organization, adolescents constitute about one fifth of the world population, and in India they constitute about 21% of the total population. Most of the surveys show that health status of adolescent girls is at sub-optimal level. Objectives: To assess nutritional status and morbidity pattern among the adolescent girls and to suggest measures for improvement of health status of adolescent girls.  Method: A community based cross-sectional study was carried out among 250 adolescent schoolgirls in Rural and urban field practice area of Jhansi school from January 2017 to July 2014. Results: Among the various morbidities eye problem was seen in maximum no of adolescent girls. Eye problem was present in 44.8% of adolescent girls followed by respiratory 14.7% and ear 13.06% disease. Skin disease was present in 3.2% of adolescent girls, which was more in rural girls 6.7% than in urban girls 1.7%, may be due to better hygienic practice in urban schoolgirls. Conclusions: Rural background, low socioeconomic status, illiteracy, birth rate and order, income and number of members in a family have shown to be significant determinants of morbidity pattern in the adolescent girls. Keywords: Adolescent, anemia, morbidity, vaginal discharge.

scholarly journals The role of sexual compulsivity in unprotected intercourse among STI patients in Shanghai, China

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yang Ni ◽  
Hengan Liu ◽  
Ruijie Gong ◽  
Mei Shi ◽  
Shuxian Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Partner ◽  
Skin Diseases ◽  
Transmitted Disease ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sexual Partners ◽  
Sexual Compulsivity ◽  
Sexually Active ◽  
Unprotected Intercourse ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significant Difference

Abstract Background Sexual compulsivity (SC) and its relationship with unprotected intercourse (UI) have long been an intriguing topic, but its existential meaning in the management of public health or, more precisely, sexually transmitted infections (STIs) has rarely been studied to date. This study examines whether SC plays a role in UI among sexually active STI patients. Method A cross-sectional study was conducted in two sexual transmitted disease (STD) clinicals of Shanghai Skin Diseases Hospital in Shanghai. Totally 664 sexually active STI patients were included. Results The ages of the 664 participants ranged from 18 to 76 years, with 58.73% between 26 and 40 years old. 449 (191 male and 258 female) reported had UI during the past 6 months. Although the only statistically significant difference (p < 0.01) was in relation to UI with a casual sexual partner, the difference between male/female and regular/casual sexual partners remained evident. Conclusions SC is evidently a potential predictor of UI with a casual sexual partner in male STI patients, while the use of condoms is more likely to be affected by other factors. In addition to general sexual education, counseling interventions should be provided by health institutions, and specific intervention methods targeting gender and sexual partners should be considered.

scholarly journals Emotional Bonding and Sexual Activity During COVID-19 Lockdown: A Cross-National Pilot Study

2021 ◽  
pp. 263183182110274
Author(s):  
Deblina Roy ◽  
Sujita Kumar Kar ◽  
SM Yasir Arafat ◽  
Pawan Sharma ◽  
Russell Kabir
Keyword(s):  
Online Survey ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Sexual Relationships ◽  
Sexually Active ◽  
Online Questionnaire ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Emotional Bonding ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Study Participants

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic and lockdown measures have affected the sexuality and emotional bonding among the couple across the world. Objectives: We aimed to assess the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic and lockdown on the married people’s emotional bonding and sexual relationships in 3 south Asian counties (Bangladesh, India, and Nepal). Methods: A cross-sectional online survey was conducted among Bangladesh, India, and Nepal residents from April 3 to April 15, 2020. The survey was designed in English. The participants were selected through convenience sampling technique, the link of the online questionnaire was shared with the participants. Only participants older than 18 years and above, married, and living with their spouses were included in the study. Results: A total number of 120 respondents were included finally for analysis from the participating countries (India, Nepal, and Bangladesh). The mean age of the participants was 35.42 (±5.73) years; the majority were males under the age of 40 years and had completed postgraduation as their qualification. Among the study participants, more than half (53.8%) of the women reported being sexually active during the lockdown, whereas 41% of the men reported being sexually active. Among the sexually active participants, most women (57.7%) reported that they perceived positive emotional bonding with their partners. Nevertheless, there was no significant difference observed when compared with men. There are variations in responses. However, no significant association was identified. Conclusion: There are a few insights from the study, that is, there was no significant difference found in almost 3 countries in emotional intimacy. There had been a trend that there is improved emotional bonding with their partners, although no significant difference was observed.

scholarly journals Prevalence of thinness, overweight and obesity among Tibetan adolescents aged 12-17 years

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-17
Author(s):  
Yunfei Zhang ◽  
Jiahong Sun ◽  
Min Zhao ◽  
Costan G. Magnussen ◽  
Xi Bo
Keyword(s):  
Sampling Method ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Cluster Sampling ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Clear Trend ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Prevalence Of Obesity ◽  
Study Participants

Abstract Objective: To estimate the prevalence of thinness, overweight and obesity among Tibetan adolescents aged 12-17 years. Design: Cross-sectional survey. Setting: Shigatse city of Tibet municipality, with an average altitude of more than 4000 m. Subjects: Study participants included 2,642 adolescents aged 12-17 years selected from 6 schools using a convenient cluster sampling method. Results: The prevalence of thinness/overweight/obesity among Tibetan adolescents was 9.4%/5.4%/1.4% (China definition), 14.7%/4.4%/0.7% (IOTF definition), and 2.8%/5.7%/0.9% (WHO definition). The prevalence of thinness and overweight was significantly different between both sexes based on each of three BMI classification criteria (P <0.001). There was no significant difference in the prevalence of obesity between both sexes according to each of three BMI criteria. There was no clear trend in the prevalence of thinness across ages according to the China or IOTF definition (both P >0.05), whereas an upward trend was observed for thinness in boys according to the IOTF definition (P for trend <0.05). In contrast, the prevalence of thinness tended to decrease with increasing age in girls according to the IOTF definition, and in total sample according to the WHO definition (P for trend <0.05). Conclusions: Among Tibetan adolescents, the prevalence of overweight and obesity is relatively low, while the prevalence of thinness is high, especially in boys. These data suggest urgent attention is needed to control adolescent thinness in Tibet.

The influence of varying maxillary central incisor vertical dimension on perceived smile aesthetics

2019 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 137-142
Author(s):  
Elis Janaina Lira dos Santos ◽  
Alana Moura Xavier Dantas ◽  
Raíssa Marçal Vilela ◽  
Karina Jerônimo Rodrigues Santiago de Lima ◽  
Rejane Targino Soares Beltrão
Keyword(s):  
Age Groups ◽  
Educational Background ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Central Incisor ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Exact Test ◽  
Maxillary Central Incisor ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Chi Square Test

Objective: To evaluate patient perception of the smile focused on analysis of the upper incisors. Design: Cross-sectional study. Setting: Department of Clinical and Social Dentistry at Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, Brazil. Participants: The sample consisted of 135 individuals (73 women and 62 men). Methods: Images with different characteristics associated with the incisal edges were shown at random and analysed using a Likert scale. Data were analysed using the Chi-square test or Fisher’s exact test with a statistically significant difference ( P < 0.05). Results: Smile I (difference of 1.5 mm in relation to the central incisor and lateral) was considered the most aesthetic, while Smile III (no difference in height between the central and lateral incisors) was the least aesthetic. A significant difference was found between perception of smile II (difference of 1 mm in relation to the central incisor and lateral) and age groups ( P < 0.005), with 31% (n = 13) of individuals aged 45–64 years considering smile II as not pleasant, 4.4% (n = 2) aged 15–24 years and 8.3% (n=4) aged 25–44 years and 4.4% (n = 2) aged 15–24 years considering the same. A significant difference was also found in relation to educational background of the assessor and smile perception, with smile III ( P = 0.0441) and smile IV ( P = 0.0053) considered the most aesthetic ( P = 0.0116). Conclusion: The smile considered most attractive among the sample was that with 1.5 mm steepness between the central and lateral incisors, while a flat smile arc was considered least attractive.

scholarly journals Pathogenicity and non-opportunistic character of Blastocystis spp.: a hospital-based survey in Central Cameroon

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (05) ◽  
pp. 373-379 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stéphanie Jupsa-Mbiandou ◽  
Samuel Fosso ◽  
Edimo Billé ◽  
Tito T Mélachio-Tanekou ◽  
Gideon Ajeagah-Aghaindum ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Blastocystis Spp ◽  
Stool Samples ◽  
Hiv Negative

Introduction: Blastocystis spp. is a protist found in humans. Although usually the most frequent protozoa found in stool samples of both symptomatic and healthy subjects, its pathogenic or rather opportunistic role is yet to be clearly elucidated. To attempt to fill this gap, a cross-sectional study was conducted to compare the frequency of Blastocystis spp. in HIV positive (HIV+) versus HIV negative (HIV-) individuals in four health facilities of the Center Region of Cameroon. Methodology: Stool samples were collected from 283 HIV positive and 245 HIV negative subjects and analyzed using direct diagnostic tests. Results: A total of 46 (8.7%) individuals were found infected with Blastocystis spp., including 6.7% HIV positive and 11.0% HIV negative. This species was more frequent in urban and semi-urban areas than in rural areas, but evenly distributed among genders and age groups as well as among all sectors of activity. The prevalence of Blastocystis spp. (11.3%) was higher in HIV+ patients with a CD4 count ≥ 500 cells / mm3, but no significant difference was found among HIV clinical stages. Likewise prevalence, the mean number of cysts per gram of stool was similar between HIV positive and HIV negative individuals. People infected with Blastocystis spp. showed diverse clinical signs, but only flatulence was significantly more prevalent. The frequencies of these clinical signs were not related to HIV status. Conclusion: No clear relationship links the infection with Blastocystis spp. to HIV, although its presence was associated with digestive disorder, suggesting that this parasite might not be opportunist.

scholarly journals Menstrual health and related problems in adolescent girls of Lucknow district: a cross sectional study

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (12) ◽  
pp. 5321
Author(s):  
Geeta Singh ◽  
Anish Khanna ◽  
Monika Agarwal ◽  
V. K. Singh ◽  
Rekha Sachan
Keyword(s):  
Adolescent Girls ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Unequal Distribution ◽  
Urban Girls ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Menstrual Health ◽  
Menstrual Symptoms ◽  
Age Of Menarche

Background: Menstruation and related problems are difficult issues for adolescent girls and are a common reason for consulting healthcare providers. The objective of the study was to study the age of menarche, menstrual pattern, menstrual related health problems and health seeking behaviour for it.Methods: A cross sectional study was carried out in urban as well as rural schools of Lucknow district from August 2014 to September 2015. Multistage random sampling was used to select the requisite number of girls. A total of 600 girls of age group 10-19 years were interviewed and analysed using appropriate statistical methodsResults: The mean age of menarche of the total population was 13.2±1 years. During menstruation, urban girls had significantly excessive passage of clots (26.5%) and faced more discomfort in their routine activities (78.8%) when compared to their rural counterpart (25.2% and 73.4% respectively), whereas the relation was inverse with regard to school absenteeism that was significantly higher in rural girls (44.0%) than urban girls (32.3%). The usual age of menarche as well as the pattern of pre-menstrual symptoms varied significantly between the girls of rural and urban areas.Conclusions: With few exceptions, menstrual health related problems have an unequal distribution in girls of rural and urban origin. Hence effective management of menstrual problems will lose its chase unless health education targeting all the three groups viz.; adolescent girls, concerned parents and teachers have to be uniformly strengthened.

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