scholarly journals Medical and obstetric factors associated with preterm deliveries among women of childbearing age at Pumwani maternity hospital, Nairobi County, Kenya

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 2180
Author(s):  
Daniel K. Mwangi ◽  
Stanley K. Waithaka ◽  
Alfred O. Odongo
Keyword(s):  
Preterm Delivery ◽  
Financial Burden ◽  
Maternity Hospital ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Categorical Variables ◽  
Premature Delivery ◽  
Women Of Childbearing Age ◽  
Childbearing Age ◽  
Study Objective ◽  
Cervical Incompetence

Background: The rate of pre-term birth (PTB) in Kenya stands at 12.3%. Preterm deliveries are associated with high neonatal mortality and have a huge financial burden on the parents and the government. Prematurity is also associated with chronic diseases like diabetes and hypertension in adult life. The study objective was to determine the medical1and obstetric factors1associated1with preterm deliveries among women of childbearing age (15-49 years) at Pumwani maternity hospital (PMH).Methods: A hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 191 mothers of reproductive age (15-49 years) who delivered at PMH during the study period. Data was collected using a questionnaire and a data abstraction tool. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize categorical variables. Chi-square was used to test for the strengths of associations. Prevalence adjusted odds ratios (PAOR) were used to estimate the strengths of associations.Results: The study found that the association between past pregnancy (p=1.0), history of surgery (p=1.0), medication (p=1.0), urinary tract infection (p=0.453), miscarriage (p=1.0) and chronic disease (p=0.395) and preterm delivery among women of child bearing age (15-49 years) at PMH was not statistically significant. The association between premature delivery (p=0.021), parity (p=0.000), premature rapture of membranes (PROM) (p=0.000), antepartum hemorrhage (APH) (p=0.045), cervical incompetence (p=0.001), pre-eclampsia toxemia (PET) (p=0.000), and placenta abruption complications (p=0.009) and preterm delivery was statistically significant.Conclusions: The association between premature delivery, parity, PROM, APH, cervical incompetence, PET and placenta abruption complications and preterm delivery was statistically significant.

scholarly journals Risky behavioral factors associated with preterm deliveries among women of childbearing age (15-49 years) at Pumwani Maternity Hospital, Nairobi County, Kenya

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 4161
Author(s):  
Daniel K. Mwangi ◽  
Stanley K. Waithaka ◽  
Alfred O. Odongo
Keyword(s):  
Maternal Smoking ◽  
Maternity Hospital ◽  
World Health ◽  
Categorical Variables ◽  
Behavioral Factors ◽  
Women Of Childbearing Age ◽  
Childbearing Age ◽  
Study Objective ◽  
Smoking During Pregnancy ◽  
Factors Associated

Background: Worldwide, pre-term delivery (PTD) or pre-term birth (PTB) is on the rise. World Health Organization (WHO) data shows an increase from 2 million in 1990 to 2.2 million in 2012 with about 60% of the preterm deliveries occurring in developing countries and 12.3% in Kenya. The study objective was to determine risky behavioral factors associated with preterm deliveries 1among women of childbearing age (15- 49 years) at Pumwani Maternity Hospital (PMH).Methods: Maternity delivery register (MDR) was used to identify and recruit eligible study participants. A sampling frame constituting of serial numbers assigned to the mothers was made. Data was collected using pretested and structured questionnaire and a data abstraction tool. The statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) version 23 was used to perform statistical analysis. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize categorical variables. Chi-square was used to examine the differences among the categorical variables. Prevalence adjusted odds ratios (PAOR) with their respective 95% confidence interval (CI) was used to estimate the strengths of associations.Results: The study recorded proportional differences among the study variables in their association with preterm deliveries. Among them, 100%, 40%, 22.2% and 17.1% of the mothers who used firewood, charcoal, kerosene and gas/electricity respectively had preterm deliveries.Conclusions: There was no statistically significant association between the study variables (general maternal smoking, maternal smoking during pregnancy, husband smoking, husband smoking during pregnancy, main household type of fuel) and preterm delivery.

The effect of administration of 17-OH progesterone intramascular on the latency of pregnancy in primegravida with singleton pregnancy and prelabour rupture of membrane (PPROM) (Randomized Controlled Trial)

QJM ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 114 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ihab Hassan Abdel Fattah ◽  
Mohamed Mahmoud Abdel Allim ◽  
MortadaElsayed Ahmed ◽  
Yasmeen Ahmed Mohamed Taha
Keyword(s):  
Preterm Delivery ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Statistical Power ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Maternity Hospital ◽  
Lower Percentage ◽  
Controlled Study ◽  
Premature Delivery ◽  
Singleton Pregnancy ◽  
Randomized Controlled

Abstract Background Preterm delivery with its associated morbidity and mortality still represents one of the major unsolved problems in Obstetrics. In PPROM, there is an increased incidence of preterm delivery which represents a life threatening situation. It has been calculated that the mean duration of PROM pregnancies is 37 weeks, so premature birth defined as delivery before 37 week of gestation, is the leading cause of perinatal mortality and short and long term fetal morbidity. Obviously, preterm deliveries represent a problem because of the severe neonatal complications that often occur afterwards. These complications are worse for the smaller newborn with earlier gestational age. These complications include respiratory distress syndrome, intraventricular hemorrhage, sepsis and necrotizing enterocolitis. Objective The present study aims to investigate the effect of 17-OH progesterone on primegravida and the possible change in the premature delivery rates and other pregnancy outcomes and complications regarding its use. Methods The current research is a randomized controlled study was conducted at Obstetric outpatient clinic of Ain Shams University Maternity Hospital and involved 80 pregnant admitted to assess the efficacy of intramuscular progesterone compared to placebo therapy in decreasing the rate of preterm birth in women with PPROM pregnancy, selected on basis being with age between 18-35 years, carrying Singleton pregnancy, at gestational age between24-34 weeks. Results The present study provides no evidence that 17OHP-C is beneficial in women with PROM. Although the trial turned out to be underpowered for the primary outcome, it had reasonable statistical power for the prespecified secondary outcomes, which allowed us to conclude that 17OHP-C does not prolong pregnancy or reduce perinatal morbidity after PROM. Preterm PROM is a frequently encountered obstetric diagnosis, with improved neonatal outcomes when an uninfected mother is able to continue her pregnancy for a longer duration to reach a more advanced gestational age. Conclusion Compared placebo with intramuscular 17-OHPC in women with prelabour rupture of membranes. Pregnancy is associated with lower percentage of preterm labour, fewer NICU admissions in 17 OHPC.

scholarly journals PENYULUHAN PENTINGNYA PEMERIKSAAN IVA PADA WUS (Wanita Usia Subur) DI DESA SUKAMAJU KABUPATEN MUARO JAMBI TAHUN 2018

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
Lia Artika Sari ◽  
Enny Susilawati
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Community Service ◽  
Causes Of Death ◽  
Hpv Infection ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Women Of Childbearing Age ◽  
Childbearing Age ◽  
Women Of Reproductive Age ◽  
Common Causes ◽  
Post Test

ABSTRAK Latar Belakang: Kanker merupakan salah satu penyebab kematian yang paling utama di dunia, sekitar 40 wanita tiap harinya terdiagnosa kanker leher rahim. Kanker leher rahim disebabkan oleh virus HPV, infeksi HPV sendiri sering kali tidak menimbulkan gejala. Desa Suka Maju merupakan salah satu desa yang terdapat di Kabupaten Muaro Jambi dan mempunyai jumlah wanita usia subur berjumlah 820 orang, namun hanya 17,11% wanita usia subur yang baru memanfaatkan pelayanan IVA.Metode: Dengan memberikan penyuluhan kepada wanita usia subur dengan (WUS) sebanyak 40 orang, dan diberikan pre dan post test untuk mengevaluasi pengetahuan wanita usia subur mengenai pemeriksaan IVA Hasil: terjadi kenaikan pengetahuan wanita usia subur di Desa Sukamaju sebesar 87,5%.Kesimpulan: Penyuluhan dapat meningkatkan pengetahuan wanita usia subur terhadap pentingnya pemeriksaan IVA. ABSTRACT Background: Cancer is one of the most common causes of death in the world. About 40 women are diagnosed with cervical cancer every day. Cervical cancer is caused by the HPV virus, HPV infection itself often causes no symptoms. Suka Maju Village is one of the villages in Muaro Jambi Regency that has 820 women of childbearing age, but only 17.11% of women of childbearing age have just used IVA services.Methods: employed in community service was to provide counseling to women of reproductive age with (WUS) as 40 women, and then given pre and posttests to evaluate the knowledge of women of childbearing age After being given counseling on IVA examinations. In brief,Result: There was an increase in the knowledge of women of childbearing age in Sukamaju Village by 87.5 %. Conclusion: Health education can increasedthe knowledge of women of childbearing age on the importance of IVA Chencking

scholarly journals The Profile of Reproductive Age Women Causes of Low Birth Weight (LBW) Baby Incidence in South East Asia 2005-2014

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 14-21
Author(s):  
Laras Sitoayu ◽  
Nanda Aula Rumana
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Health Services ◽  
Southeast Asia ◽  
Marital Status ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Local Health ◽  
Women Of Childbearing Age ◽  
Childbearing Age

Low birth weight (LBW) accounts for the highest percentage of causes of neonatal death. The purpose of this study was to identify family profiles that influence the incidence of LBW throughout Southeast Asia. The sample in this study were women aged 19-29 years. The data used were secondary data published by Measure Demografic Health Survey (DHS) in 2005-2014. Women's profiles identified included maternal factors (area of residence, education, age, economic status, marital status, parity, location of delivery), health service factors (iron consumption, pregnancy visit / ANC). The results showed that the incidence of LBW occurs a lot with the profile of respondents who have rural areas, even though they have high economic status. Most respondents who gave birth to LBW had secondary and low education, with unmarried marital status and low partner education. In addition, there were still many respondents who were not obedient to antenatal visits and consume less iron. However, some had given birth at local health services, although there were still respondents who had a lot of parity. Researchers  suggest  that women, especially women of  childbearing age, want to pay attention to the risk factors for the incidence of LBW, including consumption of iron and delivery in health services so that the incidence of LBW can be suppressed.  Keyword: family profile, Southeast Asia, LBW, women of childbearing age

scholarly journals The use of folic acid in the prevention of spinal bifida

2019 ◽  
pp. 200-214
Author(s):  
Eghosa Morgan ◽  
Nosa Akpede ◽  
Emmanuel Friday Osagiede ◽  
Vivian Ajekweneh ◽  
Francis Erah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Folic Acid ◽  
Demographic Variable ◽  
Financial Burden ◽  
Good Practice ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Good Knowledge ◽  
Women Of Childbearing Age ◽  
Childbearing Age ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Periconceptional Period

Background. Spinal Bifida is a congenital malformation of the spine that typified defect of the neural tube with devastating neurological, psychosocial and developmental burden to the growing child with associated huge financial burden to the parents, community and the country. Past and present studies have shown strong evidence to indicate that folic acid supplementation during the periconceptional period reduces the occurrence of spinal bifida in children.Aim. To assess the knowledge, attitude, and practice of use of folic acid during the periconceptional period among women of childbearing age in two rural communities in Edo State, Nigeria.Materials and methods. A prospective cross-sectional study of 170 women between the ages of 15 and 49 years recruited through a multi-stage sampling technique. The survey instrument was a structured interviewer-administered questionnaire. The data was analysed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 21 and presented as charts, tables, and associations tested with Chi-square at a statistical level of significance set at p<0.05.Results. One hundred and twenty-two (71.8%) of the respondents showed good knowledge, 147(86.5%) had a positive attitude, and 106 (62.4%) had a good practice of use of folic acid. There was a statistically significant association between respondents’ age, marital status, level of education, occupation, and their knowledge of the use of folic acid as well as with their attitude towards the use of folic acid. However, the practice was mainly associated with the socio-demographic variable of each household.Conclusion. The use of folic acid during the perinatal period for the prevention of spinal bifida is found to be absent in about two-fifths of the study population, a number found to be alarming despite the high level of good knowledge and attitude towards the use of folic acid. There is, therefore, an urgent need to step up more advocacy and health education to women of childbearing age to increase the uptake of folic acid for effective reduction of the incidence of spinal bifida.

scholarly journals Documentation of contraceptive counseling in female veterans of reproductive age

2020 ◽  
Vol 77 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. S71-S77
Author(s):  
Chandler D Schexnayder ◽  
Shani King ◽  
Oluchi Emelogu
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Inhibitor ◽  
Medical Center ◽  
Women Veterans ◽  
Oral Contraceptive Pill ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Angiotensin Ii Receptor Blocker ◽  
Female Veterans ◽  
Women Of Childbearing Age ◽  
Childbearing Age ◽  
Contraceptive Counseling

Abstract Purpose To assess the rate at which contraceptive counseling is provided to women of childbearing age prescribed teratogenic medications at Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center (MEDVAMC). Women of childbearing age comprise a large demographic of women veterans and may require contraceptive counseling in the event a potentially teratogenic medication is prescribed. According to multiple studies, overall documentation of contraceptive counseling occurs in approximately half of this population or less. The rate of documented contraceptive counseling at MEDVAMC is unknown. Methods A retrospective chart review of electronic health records was conducted from January 2017 to August 2018. Patients included were female veterans between 18 and 45 years of age who made 2 or more visits to MEDVAMC prior to filling a prescription for a HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor (statin), angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor, or angiotensin II receptor blocker. Charts were screened for documentation of contraceptive counseling (including family planning counseling), prescribed contraception, and pregnancy testing prior to dispensing of a potentially teratogenic prescription. Results There were 172 female veterans included in this project. Documentation of contraceptive counseling occurred in 63% (n = 108) of patients; in total, 42% (n = 73) of patients were on some form of contraception, with the most common being oral contraceptive pill (used by 30% of women). Conclusion The rate of documentation of contraceptive counseling at MEDVAMC was found to be higher than rates reported in national studies. As we continue to strive to provide exceptional care for our women veterans, we would like to continue to increase the education and awareness on this matter.

scholarly journals Pengetahuan Bidan Mempengaruhi Praktik Bidan dalam Konseling Pemeriksaan IVA pada Wanita Usia Subur

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 84
Author(s):  
Siti Rochwati ◽  
Sutopo Patria Jati ◽  
Antono Suryoputro
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Visual Inspection ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
P Value ◽  
Women Of Childbearing Age ◽  
Childbearing Age ◽  
Counseling Practice ◽  
The Relationship

ABSTRACTPeer Midwive Knowledge Influencing Practice in Counseling About Examination Visual Inspection Of Acetic Acid On Couple Women Of Childbearing Age; Cervical cancer is becoming a disease number two killer of women in Indonesia, after breast cancer, it is due to 95% of HPV virus (Human Papiloma Virus). HPV infection went unnoticed until the disease reaches an advanced stage. If cancer is found at an early stage can be cured completely with the method IVA (Visual Inspection Acetic Acid) easier, screening can be performed with a wider scope. Cervical cancer cases in the Kendal district was increased in 2009 (3,31%), in 2010 (3,77%), in 2011 (4,45%), while decreasing IVA inspection visit in 2010 (4,34%), 2011 (4,33%), 2012 (3,96%). Therefore midwife in addition to providing health services can also provide counseling realization of behavior IVA test inspection. The purpose of this research is to analyzed the relationship of knowledge midwives with practice in counseling about examination visual inspection of acetic acid on couple women of childbearing age. Methods and design research is quantitative descriptive explanatory with correlative and cross sectional approach, using sampling saturated with 60 respondents by midwife that have trained in the Kendal district. The results from 9 variables majority age ≥41 years =66,7%, educatin majority of DI and D III =78,3%, the majority of the working time ≥10 years = 95%, approximately 55% majority of the knowledge and counseling practice the majority 73,3%. Chi square test shows that the relationship between knowledge with practice in counseling about examination visual inspection of acetic acid on couple women of childbearing age p value 0,000. Midwives is expected to increase their knowledge, so that it can perform well counseled about IVA to couples of reproductive age want to do test IVA.Keywords: Midwives, Knowledge, Counseling Practice, IVA.

BARIATRIC SURGERY IN PREGNANCY: BENEFITS, RISKS AND OBSTETRIC MANAGEMENT

2011 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 109-122 ◽  
Author(s):  
MUCHABAYIWA F GIDIRI ◽  
IAN A GREER
Keyword(s):  
Pregnancy Complications ◽  
Social Deprivation ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Operative Delivery ◽  
Obesity Prevalence ◽  
Women Of Childbearing Age ◽  
Childbearing Age ◽  
Fetal Abnormality ◽  
Medical Disorders

Obesity is a growing problem in obstetric practice. A recent study from Glasgow (UK) showed that 50% of women of childbearing age are either overweight (Body Mass Index [BMI] = 24.9–29.9kg/m2) or obese with 18% starting pregnancy as obese. Obesity prevalence has doubled over a decade from the early 1990’s. In the US it is estimated that 30% of reproductive-age women have a BMI greater than 30 kg/m while 7% have a BMI > 40 kg/m2. A recent report from the UK found that 5% of women had a BMI >35 kg/m2, 2% > 40 kg/m2 and 0.2% >50 kg/m2 with an association not only with social deprivation, but also with a higher prevalence of pre-existing medical disorders such as diabetes and hypertension and medical complications of pregnancy such as preeclampsia. Obesity was also associated with increased rates of macrosomia, operative delivery and postpartum haemorrhage. These data highlight the fact that obesity is an increasing health concern particularly in young women of childbearing age. Obesity will expose them to significant pregnancy complications ranging from miscarriage and fetal abnormality through to operative delivery and thromboembolism. There are also challenges for the delivery of maternity care to meet the needs of these women. As obesity is associated with significant pregnancy complications it is important that women enter pregnancy with an optimum body weight. Many complications, such as fetal abnormality occur in the first trimester and so pre-pregnancy weight reduction is preferred. Further, there is insufficient evidence to recommend specific dietary and/or physical activity interventions to reduce weight or moderate weight gain during pregnancy.

scholarly journals PERCEPTION OF WOMEN OF CHILDBEARING AGE ON EARLY DETECTION OF CERVICAL CANCER WITH IVA TEST IN THE BASIC ESSENTIAL NEONATAL OBSTETRICS SERVICES CIPEUNDEUY COMMUNITY HEALTH CENTER SUBANG REGENCY

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Wiwin Elis Sumarni ◽  
Lia Nurcahyani
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Early Detection ◽  
Community Health ◽  
Health Center ◽  
Community Health Center ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Women Of Childbearing Age ◽  
Research Subjects ◽  
Childbearing Age ◽  
District Health

Cervical cancer is the most common cancer in women with an estimated 570,000 new cases in 2018 and represents 6.6% of all cancers in women. The behavior of women of childbearing age in preventing cervical cancer with early detection is still low. Nationally, it is still less than 5%, while the target to be achieved in 2019 is 50%. In Subang Regency in 2019, of the target of 7500, only 20 people (0.27%) did IVA tests (Subang District Health Office, 2019). This study aims to determine the perception of women of childbearing age on early detection of cervical cancer with IVA test in the Basic Essential Neonatal Obstetrics Services Cipeundeuy Community Health Center, Subang Regency In 2020. This research is qualitative with a case study approach, the research subjects are 5 women of reproductive age. Measurement and observation of these variables using in-depth interviews. Data analysis through transcription, reduction, categorization, presentation of data in narrative form. The behavior of women of childbearing age in preventing cervical cancer with early detection is based on the perception of vulnerability of women of childbearing age to feel vulnerable to cervical cancer, because women of childbearing age is already active in sexual intercourse, based on the perception of severity seriousness. Women of childbearing age considers cervical cancer a serious disease, based on the perceived advantage that this examination is to determine the health condition of the presence of signs and symptoms, based on the perception of obstacles due to shame, fear, lack of knowledge and costs. Women of childbearing age perception of cervical cancer early detection includes perception of vulnerability, perception of severity/ seriousness, perception of benefits and perception of barriers.

scholarly journals Hubungan Paritas dan Karakteristik Individu terhadap Pemakaian Alat Kontrasepsi diantara Wanita Usia Subur di Provinsi Jawa Timur Tahun 2017

2021 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-30
Author(s):  
Ratna Dwi Wulandari ◽  
Agung Dwi Laksono
Keyword(s):  
Junior High School ◽  
Random Sampling ◽  
Contraceptive Use ◽  
Tertiary Education ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Women Of Childbearing Age ◽  
Childbearing Age ◽  
Number Of Children

East Java Province, which is dominated by Javanese and Madurese, has a community with cultural characteristics that consider having a large number of children will many fortunes. This study aimed to analyze the relationship of parity on the use of contraceptives in women of childbearing age in East Java. The study used data from the 2017 Indonesian Demographic and Health Survey. The population was women of reproductive age (15-49 years) in East Java. By using stratification and multistage random sampling obtained 5,593 respondents. In addition to the use of contraceptives and parity, other variables were the type of residence, age group, level of education, work status, marital status, socioeconomic status, and health insurance ownership. Determination of influence using binary logistic regression. The results showed that parity was one of the determinants of contraceptive use in East Java. Multiparous women of childbearing age were 4.114 times higher than primiparous women for contraception. Women in the 15-19 age group were 8.413 times more likely to use contraception than the 45-49 year age group. While women in the age group 40-44 years have the possibility of 2.209 times. Women with an elementary-junior high school education were 3.931 times more likely than those without school to use contraception. While those with tertiary education are likely 4.957 times compared to those not in school. Poor women were 1.525 times more likely than the poorest to use contraception. It could be concluded that parity was one of the determinants of contraceptive use in women of childbearing age in East Java Province. Abstrak Provinsi Jawa Timur didominasi oleh suku Jawa dan Madura. Kedua suku memiliki karakter pandangan budaya tentang jumlah anak yang banyak, yaitu banyak anak, banyak rejeki. Penelitian ditujukan untuk menganalisis hubungan paritas terhadap pemakaian alat kontrasepsi pada wanita usia subur di Jawa Timur. Penelitian menggunakan data Survei Demografi dan Kesehatan Indonesia Tahun 2017. Populasi adalah wanita usia subur (15-49 tahun) di Jawa Timur. Dengan menggunakan stratification and multistage random sampling didapatkan 5.593 responden. Selain pemakaian alat kontrasepsi dan paritas, variabel lain yang adalah tipe tempat tinggal, kelompok umur, tingkat pendidikan, status bekerja, status perkawinan, status sosioekonomi, dan kepemilikan asuransi kesehatan. Penentuan pengaruh menggunakan regresi logistik biner. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa paritas merupakan salah satu determinan pemakaian alat kontrasepsi di Jawa Timur. Wanita multipara kemungkinan 4,114 kali lebih tinggi dibanding wanita primipara untuk memakai alat kontrasepsi. Wanita pada kelompok umur 15-19 tahun memiliki kemungkinan 8,413 kali dibanding kelompok umur 45-49 tahun untuk memakai alat kontrasepsi. Sementara wanita pada kelompok umur 40-44 tahun memiliki kemungkinan 2,209 kali. Wanita berpendidikan SD-SLTP kemungkinan 3,931 kali dibanding yang tidak sekolah untuk memakai alat kontrasepsi. Sedang yang berpendidikan perguruan tinggi kemungkinan 4,957 kalidibanding yang tidak sekolah. Wanita miskin kemungkinan 1,525 kali dibanding yang paling miskin untuk memakai alat kontrasepsi. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa paritas merupakan salah satu determinan pemakaian alat kontrasepsi pada wanita usia subur di Provinsi Jawa Timur.

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