scholarly journals Efficacy Bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis serotype H-14 (Bti H-14) for control Aedes spp. density in Denpasar, Bali

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 4197
Author(s):  
Suwito . ◽  
Sang G. Purnama ◽  
Pasek Kardiwinata
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Bacillus Thuringiensis ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Mosquito Larvae ◽  
Mosquito Density ◽  
Liquid Formulation ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Two Phases ◽  
And Control ◽  
Paired T Test

Background: A liquid bioinsecticide formulation containing Bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis Serotype H-14 (Bti H-14) was tested in the field in household containers. The aim was to determine the effectiveness of Bti H-14 biolarvicide in controlling the density of Aedes spp. Larvae.Methods: This study was conducted in two phases of testing. First, to test the effective dose with 5 doses, namely (50 ul, 40 ul, 30 ul, 20 ul, and 10 ul) in 2.5 liters of water. Furthermore, the number of deaths was calculated after 24 hours of treatment and control by doing four repetitions. In the second phase, by conducting tests on containers in the household as many as 3171 containers were continuously observed every month, given Bti H-14 for 6 months. Observations were made before and after the application of Bti H-14 on larva density, mosquito density, and dengue cases. Data analysis was performed using paired t-test. Bti H-14 formulation to kill 50% of mosquito larvae (LC50) within 6 hours requires a concentration of 4 µl per liter.Results: Bti H-14 liquid formulation with delta-endotoxin and spores content of 600 ITU per ml or 1.2x109 CFU is effective in reducing larva density in household containers if done regularly.Conclusions: Bti H-14 liquid formulation is proven to be effective and easy to use for the control of Aedes larvae.

scholarly journals Bioindicator demonstrates high persistence of sulfentrazone in dry soil1

2015 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 326-332 ◽  
Author(s):  
Renato Coradello Lourenço ◽  
Saul Jorge Pinto de Carvalho
Keyword(s):  
Dose Response ◽  
Residual Effect ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Response Curves ◽  
Sugarcane Crop ◽  
Phytotoxic Activity ◽  
Dry Soil ◽  
Two Phases ◽  
Preemergence Herbicides ◽  
And Control

ABSTRACTIn sugarcane crop areas, the application of preemergence herbicides with long residual effect in the soil has been frequently necessary. The herbicide persistence in the soil must be high especially because of applications during the dry season of the year, after sugarcane harvest. This study aimed at estimating the sulfentrazone persistence and dissipation in dry soil using bioindicator. Five experiments were carried out, divided into two phases. In the first phase, three dose-response curves were adjusted to select the best bioindicator to be adopted in the second phase. Niger was adopted due to its lower sensibility to sulfentrazone. In the second phase, a new dose-response curve was carried out, with six doses of sulfentrazone, in order to standardize the bioindicator sensibility to sulfentrazone. At the end, another experiment with six periods of sulfentrazone persistence in dry clay soil was developed. Persistence periods were: 182, 154, 125, 98 and 30 days. The bioindicator was seeded at the application day in treated plots and control. In this experiment, the sulfentrazone dose applied was 800 g ha-1. Niger was considered a good species to estimate the sulfentrazone persistence in dry soil. The sulfentrazone phytotoxic activity was identified up to 182 days after application, and its average dissipation rate was 2.15 g ha-1 day-1, with half-life higher than 182 days.

scholarly journals Biphasic pattern in the effect of severe measles infection; the difference between additive and multiplicative scale

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nhat Thanh Hoang Le ◽  
Nhan Thi Ho ◽  
Bryan Grenfell ◽  
Stephen Baker ◽  
Ronald B. Geskus
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Hospital Admission ◽  
Measles Virus ◽  
Hospital Admissions ◽  
Admission Rate ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Two Phases ◽  
Additive Scale

Abstract Background Infection with measles virus (MeV) causes immunosuppression and increased susceptibility to other infectious diseases. Only few studies reported a duration of immunosuppression, with varying results. We investigated the effect of immunosuppression on the incidence of hospital admissions for infectious diseases in Vietnamese children. Methods We used retrospective data (2005 to 2015; N = 4419) from the two pediatric hospitals in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. We compared the age-specific incidence of hospital admission for infectious diseases before and after hospitalization for measles. We fitted a Poisson regression model that included gender, current age, and time since measles to obtain a multiplicative effect measure. Estimates were transformed to the additive scale. Results We observed two phases in the incidence of hospital admission after measles. The first phase started with a fourfold increased rate of admissions during the first month after measles, dropping to a level quite comparable to children of the same age before measles. In the second phase, lasting until at least 6 years after measles, the admission rate decreased further, with values up to 20 times lower than in children of the same age before measles. However, on the additive scale the effect size in the second phase was much smaller than in the first phase. Conclusion The first phase highlights the public health benefits of measles vaccination by preventing measles and immune amnesia. The beneficial second phase is interesting, but its strength strongly depends on the scale. It suggests a complicated interaction between MeV infection and the host immunity.

scholarly journals Involvement of NO in Antinociception of NSAIDS in Murine Formalin Hind Paw Assay

Drug Research ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 70 (04) ◽  
pp. 145-150 ◽  
Author(s):  
Viviana Noriega ◽  
Hugo F. Miranda ◽  
Juan Carlos Prieto ◽  
Ramón Sotomayor-Zárate ◽  
Fernando Sierralta
Keyword(s):  
Phase I ◽  
Phase Ii ◽  
Dose Response ◽  
Rank Order ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Response Curves ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Two Phases ◽  
Phase Phase

AbstractThere are different animal models to evaluate pain among them the formalin hind paw assay which is widely used since some of its events appear to be similar to the clinical pain of humans. The assay in which a dilute solution of formalin is injected into the dorsal hindpaw of a murine produces two ‘phases’ of pain behavior separated by a inactive period. The early phase (Phase I) is probably due to direct activation of nociceptors and the second phase (Phase II) is due to ongoing inflammatory input and central sensitization. Mice were used to determine the potency antinociceptive of piroxicam (1,3,10,and 30 mg/kg), parecoxib (0.3, 1,3,10 and 30 mg/kg), dexketoprofen (3,10,30 and 100 mg/kg) and ketoprofen (3,10,30 and 100 mg/kg). Dose-response for each NSAIDs were created before and after 5 mg/kg of L-NAME i.p. or 5 mg/kg i.p. of 7-nitroindazole. A least-squares linear regression analysis of the log dose–response curves allowed the calculation of the dose that produced 50% of antinociception (ED50) for each drug. The ED50 demonstrated the following rank order of potency, in the phase I: piroxicam > dexketoprofen > ketoprofen > parecoxib and in the phase II: piroxicam > ketoprofen > parecoxib > dexketoprofen. Pretreatment of the mice with L-NAME or 7-nitroindazol induced a significant increase of the analgesic power of the NSAIDs, with a significant reduction of the ED50. It is suggested that NO may be involved in both phases of the trial, which means that nitric oxide regulates the bioactivity of NSAIDs.

scholarly journals The Effect of Flat Dual-Cure Stabilizer Occlusal Splint in Pain Relief of Individuals Suffering from Migraine Headaches

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 501-509
Author(s):  
Majid Sahebi ◽  
Somayeh Zeighami ◽  
Mohammadreza Hajimahmoudi
Keyword(s):  
Analogue Scale ◽  
Alternative Therapy ◽  
Case Group ◽  
Occlusal Splint ◽  
Migraine Headaches ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Kolmogorov Smirnov ◽  
And Control ◽  
Paired T Test ◽  
Smirnov Test

Background: No study on the effect of dual-cure stabilizer splint without canine ramp in migraine patients is present. Objective: This study was conducted to determine the effects of maxillary flat dual-cure stabilizer occlusal splint on severity, frequency and episodes of headaches in individuals suffering from a migraine. Methods: In this interventional clinical trial, 30 eligible patients were divided into 2 groups (case and control); each group consisted of 8 men and 7 women. Dual-cure stabilizer splint was made for patients in the case group and they used the adjusted splint 20 hours a day for 6 weeks. The severity, frequency and episodes of migraine attacks before and after using the splint were determined. For grading pain, severity visual analogue scale was used. The data were analyzed using SPSS 20 and Kolmogorov-Smirnov test and paired t-test. Results: The severity, frequency, and episodes of migraine attacks before and after using the splint were reduced by 56%, 68%, and 72%, respectively. The reduction was statistically significant (p < 0.05). Discussion: Despite the effect of occlusal devices on the migraine disorder is controversial, the most researchers agree that using these appliances can be effective in reducing headache in migraine patients. Conclusion: Given the favorable effects of dual-cure stabilizer splint on reducing the severity, frequency and episodes of migraine headaches, the device can be used as an effective alternative therapy besides common pain-relieving methods.

scholarly journals EFFECTIVENESS OF BUSINESS TRANSFORMATION STRATEGY TO INCREASING COMPANY'S INCOME IN PRODUCTS DOOH (DIGITAL OUT OF HOME) IN PT. METRA DIGITAL MEDIA

Tibuana ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (01) ◽  
pp. 33-37
Author(s):  
Yitno Utomo
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Digital Media ◽  
Transformation Process ◽  
Statistical Data Analysis ◽  
Business Transformation ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Home Product ◽  
The Difference ◽  
And Control ◽  
Transformation Strategy

     This reseach to study the effectiveness of business transformation strategy in PT Metra Digital Media and to know the difference  increasing of company earnings in DOOH (Digital Out Of Home) product in PT Metra Digital Media,  before and after  implementation of business transformation strategy. The sample cases in this research are 22 customer companies that have not followed the business transformation process, which is advertised through the directory and control samples, and 22 customer companies that have been following the business transformation process are advertising through DOOH (Digital Out Of Home). Calculation data analysis using SPSS (Statistical Data Analysis) test that Independent-Samples T-Test. The results showed that the effectiveness of the implementation of business transformation strategy applies to product indicator, payment method, service and sales, because the OR (Odd Ratio) value is higher in companies that choose DOOH, while those that are not effectively selected are indicator of the period of exposure and popularity, the difference  increasing of company earnings on DOOH (Digital Out Of Home) products at PT Metra Digital Media before and after the implementation of business transformation strategy is evidenced from p = 0,016 (sig <0,05) and  hypothesis is accepted.

scholarly journals Implementasi Pendekatan Taktis Terhadap Hasil Keterampilan Bermain Sepak Takraw

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 34
Author(s):  
Juliustian Erland ◽  
Sucipto Sucipto ◽  
Didin Budiman
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Research Method ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
T Test ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Class V ◽  
Paired Sample ◽  
Purposive Sampling ◽  
Before And After ◽  
And Control

This study discusses the implementation of a tactical approach to the results of sepak takraw playing skills for students of SDN 201 Sukaluyu Bandung. The research method to be used was an experimental method. The sampling technique in this study was purposive sampling. The sample in this study were 32 students. The instrument used was GPAI. The results of data analysis using paired sample t-test test, showed the significance value of the results of sepak takraw playing skills for students both in the experimental and control group classes of Sukaluyu Bandung Elementary School 201, as much as 0.000 <0.05. Therefore, Ho is rejected, which means there are differences in the ability of class V students SDN 201 Sukaluyu Bandung in playing Sepak Takraw during before and after using a tactical approach and there is an influence on the ability to sepak takraw playing skills. AbstrakPenelitian ini mengkaji tentang implementasi pendekatan taktis terhadap hasil keterampilan bermain sepak takraw pada siswa SDN 201 Sukaluyu Bandung. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode eksperimen. Teknik pengambilan sampel dalam penelitian ini adalah Purposive sampling. Sampel dalam penelitian ini sebanyak 32 siswa. Instrument yang digunakan adalah GPAI. Hasil analisis data dengan menggunakan uji paired sample t-test, menunjukkan nilai signifikansi hasil bermain sepak takraw  pada siswa baik pada kelas eksperimen maupun kontrol di SDN 201 Sukaluyu Bandung, sebasar 0,000 < 0.05. Dengan demikian maka Ho ditolak, yang artinya terdapat perbedaan kemampuan siswa kelas V SDN 201 Sukaluyu Bandung dalam bermain Sepak Takraw antara sebelum dan setelah menggunakan pendekatan taktis dan terdapat pengaruh terhadap kemampuan bermain sepak takraw. 

scholarly journals KOMUNIKASI TERAPEUTIK TERHADAP TINGKAT KECEMASAN PASIEN SEBELUM DILAKUKAN ANESTESI REGIONAL

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 106-111
Author(s):  
Rio Verdiansyah
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Experimental Design ◽  
Operating Room ◽  
Regional Anesthesia ◽  
Bivariate Analysis ◽  
Sampling Techniques ◽  
Therapeutic Communication ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Paired T Test

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of therapeutic communication to the patient's level of anxiety prior to regional anesthesia. The type of research is the pre-experimental design using one-group pretest-posttest. Sampling techniques accidental sampling of 30 samples. Data analysis was performed using Univariate and Bivariate analysis with paired t-test test on a5%. The results showed that there were differences in the mean levels of anxiety before and after therapeutic communication and there is a significant decrease in the mean levels of anxiety before and after therapeutic communication. In patients before surgery with regional anesthesia in the operating room RSUD.Dr.M.Yunus Bengkulu (P = 0.000).

scholarly journals Mathematical model of transmission dynamics with mitigation and health measures for SARS-CoV-2 infection in European countries

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shweta Sankhwar ◽  
Narender Kumar ◽  
Ravins Dohare
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Basic Reproduction Number ◽  
Reproduction Number ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Transmission Dynamics ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Geographical Regions ◽  
Two Phases ◽  
Spread Of Infection ◽  
And Control

Abstract The pandemic of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) continue to pose a serious threat to global health resulting in disease COVID-19. No specific drug or vaccine is available against this infection. Therefore, the prevention is only way to reduce the spread of infection. The pandemic needs an enhanced mathematical model, therefore, we propose a SEIAJR compartmental mathematical model to estimate the basic reproduction number (R0 ) and the transmission dynamics of four European countries (Germany, United Kingdom, Switzerland and Spain). The proposed mathematical model incorporates mitigation and healthcare measures as recommended by ECDC (European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control). The simulation of proposed model is done in two phases. First-phase simulation estimates basic reproduction number and mitigation rate according to active infected cases in all four European countries. R0 estimate 2.82 - 3.3 for considered European countries. Second-phase simulation predicts the dynamics of infection on the estimated R0 with varying mitigation rate and constant healthcare rate. This study predicts that no more mitigation is required to invade the infection. The current mitigation and healthcare measures are enough to stop the propogation of infection, however, infection would last by end of July 2020. The developed mathematical model would also be applicable to portray the infection trasmission dynamics for other geographical regions with varying parameters.

scholarly journals Class Participation of International Students in the U.S.A.

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 94 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ozgur Yildirim
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Data Analysis ◽  
International Students ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Upstate New York ◽  
Class Participation ◽  
Qualitative Research Design ◽  
Analysis Process ◽  
Field Notes ◽  
Two Phases

Following a qualitative research design, this study aims to explore the differences between international and American graduate students in terms of their class participation. The data for the study were collected from a graduate-level class at a university in upstate New York. There were seven participants in the study, three of the participants were American students, and the other four participants were international students, two from China, one from Iran, and one from Sudan. Main source of data was classroom observations. Three classroom sessions were observed and field notes were taken during observations. There were two phases of the data analysis process. During the first phase, field notes were reviewed after observations and five general categories of classroom participation were identified. During the second phase, the data were further analyzed in order to see the differences between American and international students in terms of their class participation according to these five categories. Results of data analysis revealed three main differences between American and international students’ class participation in the observed graduate classroom setting. The first main difference involved the short answer/example and explanation categories, the second main difference involved the questions to the instructor/classmates for clarification/repetition and the questions to raise discussion categories, and the last main difference involved the answer/explanation assigned by the instructor category. 

scholarly journals Polarity and reorganization of the endoplasmic reticulum during fertilization and ooplasmic segregation in the ascidian egg.

1993 ◽  
Vol 120 (6) ◽  
pp. 1337-1346 ◽  
Author(s):  
J E Speksnijder ◽  
M Terasaki ◽  
W J Hage ◽  
L F Jaffe ◽  
C Sardet
Keyword(s):  
Thick Layer ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Calcium Waves ◽  
Cell Region ◽  
Vegetal Cortex ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Ooplasmic Segregation ◽  
Two Phases ◽  
Sperm Aster

During the first cell cycle of the ascidian egg, two phases of ooplasmic segregation create distinct cytoplasmic domains that are crucial for later development. We recently defined a domain enriched in ER in the vegetal region of Phallusia mammillata eggs. To explore the possible physiological and developmental function of this ER domain, we here investigate its organization and fate by labeling the ER network in vivo with DiIC16(3), and observing its distribution before and after fertilization in the living egg. In unfertilized eggs, the ER-rich vegetal cortex is overlaid by the ER-poor but mitochondria-rich subcortical myoplasm. Fertilization results in striking rearrangements of the ER network. First, ER accumulates at the vegetal-contraction pole as a thick layer between the plasma membrane and the myoplasm. This accompanies the relocation of the myoplasm toward that region during the first phase of ooplasmic segregation. In other parts of the cytoplasm, ER becomes progressively redistributed into ER-rich and ER-poor microdomains. As the sperm aster grows, ER accumulates in its centrosomal area and along its astral rays. During the second phase of ooplasmic segregation, which takes place once meiosis is completed, the concentrated ER domain at the vegetal-contraction pole moves with the sperm aster and the bulk of the myoplasm toward the future posterior side of the embryo. These results show that after fertilization, ER first accumulates in the vegetal area from which repetitive calcium waves are known to originate (Speksnijder, J. E. 1992. Dev. Biol. 153:259-271). This ER domain subsequently colocalizes with the myoplasm to the presumptive primary muscle cell region.

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