scholarly journals A clinico-epidemiological study of melasma

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 539
Author(s):  
Akshy Kumar ◽  
Mukul Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Positive Family History ◽  
Sun Exposure ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Oral Contraceptive Pills ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Contraceptive Pills ◽  
History Of ◽  
One Year

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> Melasma is an acquired increased pigmentation of the skin, characterized by gray-brown symmetrical patches, mostly in the sun-exposed areas of the skin.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> The proposed study is an epidemiological cross sectional study which was carried out in the department of dermatology in a teaching institute from October 2007 to September 2008 at Pramukh Swami Medical College, Karamsad, Gujarat. A total of 60 patients were enrolled for the study over a period of one year.<strong></strong></p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> The main age group affected was 30-39 years i.e. 48.33% patients. 50 patients were females.18 patients had a positive family history of melasma. 12 patients had a positive history of using OC Pills. Malar region was the commonest affected area found in 52 patients followed by Centro-facial in 31 and least involvement was seen in forehead region in 24 patients. 20 patients reported association of occurrence of the lesions with pregnancy, 09 patients reported sunlight to be the offending agent.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> Females were affected more commonly during their late third decade of life. Although we did not find the exact cause of melasma, we noticed that sun-exposure, pregnancy, and taking of oral contraceptive pills could precipitate or exacerbate the melasma.</p>

scholarly journals Clinico-epidemiological study of melasma in tertiary care centre

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 544
Author(s):  
Nishtha H. Patel ◽  
Narendra Gangaiah ◽  
Veena Thimappa ◽  
Pavithra Gundappa
Keyword(s):  
Oral Contraceptive ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Positive Family History ◽  
Sun Exposure ◽  
Tertiary Care Centre ◽  
Oral Contraceptive Pills ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Contraceptive Pills ◽  
The Face ◽  
History Of

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> Melasma is common pigmentary disorder and affect patient quality of life due to its presentation over the face. It mostly affects sun exposed area and present as grey-brown pigmentation over the face.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> In this observational or descriptive study, total 110 patients were enrolled which was carried out in the Department of Dermatology from February 2019 to January 2020 at Sri Siddhartha Medical College and Sciences, Tumkur, Karnataka.<strong></strong></p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> Mean age group affected was 31-40 years of age (41.8%). Out of 110 patients 18 patients were male and 92 patients were females. Total 15 patients had positive family history (13.6%). 30 patients had history of taking oral contraceptive pills (27.3%). 22 patients had sun exposure history (20%). 59 patients had epidermal pigmentation (53.6%) and 62 patients had malar region distribution (56.4%).</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> During third decade of life, females were more commonly affected. Pathogenesis of melasma is multifactorial. In our study, we found that oral contraceptive pills and sun exposure may predispose or trigger the melasma. Most common area affected was malar. Epidermal pigmentation was more common.</p>

What is known about Prostate Cancer? Response from Men Aged 50 Years and Above in Lindi Municipal, Tanzania

2020 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 33-44
Author(s):  
Simon Francis ◽  
Obadia V. Nyongole
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Family History ◽  
Positive Family History ◽  
Negative Attitude ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Adult Men ◽  
History Of ◽  
One Year ◽  
High Level

Background: The incidence of prostate cancer in Tanzania is among the highest recorded in Africa. Prostate cancer is also the most common cancer among men aged 50 years and above in Tanzania. Our study aimed to determine the awareness, knowledge, and attitudes among adult men with age 50 years and above regarding prostate cancer.Methods: This was a cross-sectional study that included 250 adult men aged 50 years and above in Lindi municipal being purposively selected and we interviewed them by using a structured questionnaire. A stratified random sampling method was used for obtaining our participants. All men who had stayed for not less than one year in Lindi and willing to participate were enrolled in the study. These men were selected at households without screening whether or not they had taken prostate screening test or had been diagnosed with prostate cancer Quantitative data were cleaned and analyzed with SPSS version 20.Results: Majority, 216(86.7%) of our study participants were aged 50–69 years and most of them, 142(56.8%) had primary education with 93.2% of them being married. Among the study subjects 7.2% had positive family history of cancer and 195(78%) were aware of prostate cancer with source of information being mass media (62.6%). Majority of them, 63.2%, did not know the risk age group. Few, 20.8% of our participants had good knowledge while majority, 95.2% had negative attitude toward prostate cancer. We found a statistically significant association between level of education, family history and level of knowledge regarding prostate cancer with p < 0.005.Conclusion: This study revealed high level of awareness, but poor knowledge regarding prostate cancer and negative attitude toward prostate cancer among men with age ≥50 years in Lindi municipal Tanzania. Key words: Awareness, knowledge, attitude, prostate cancer.

scholarly journals Comparison of KAtex, Bone Marrow Aspiration and DAT for the Diagnosis of Visceral Leishmaniasis

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 12-15
Author(s):  
Ishrat Sharmin ◽  
AKM Quamruzzaman ◽  
Rezina Parveen ◽  
M Abdulah Yusuf ◽  
Rashida Akter Khanam
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Visceral Leishmaniasis ◽  
Leishmania Donovani ◽  
Bone Marrow Aspiration ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Kala Azar ◽  
History Of ◽  
One Year

Background: Newly developed KAtex test can be used as a non invasive tool for diagnosis of Kala-azar. Objectives: The aim of the present study was to compare KAtex, Bone marrow aspiration and DAT to diagnose VL. Methodology: This cross-sectional study was carried out in the Department of Microbiology at Dhaka Medical College, Dhaka, Bangladesh in collaboration with the Department of Parasitology, Institute of Epidemiology, Disease Control and Research (IEDCR), Dhaka, Bangladesh for a period of one year. Clinically suspected Kala-azar (VL) cases of different age and sex attending IEDCR, Dhaka from different Kala-azar endemic areas of Bangladesh were selected for this study. Patients having fever for more than 2 weeks, with or without splenomegaly, having history of loss of body weight following onset of fever were clinically suspected as Kala-azar cases. Microscopy and culture was performed in bone marrow (BM). KAtex was performed with urine sample. Agglutination of sensitized latex indicated presence of Leishmania donovani antigen in urine and thereby visceral leishmaniasis. No agglutination indicates absence of antigen in urine. DAT was done with serums of all cases. Result: Among 130 clinically suspected VL cases, 70 (53.85%) cases were BM positive and 60(46.15%) cases were BM negative. All the 70 BM positive cases were positive by KAtex and DAT. Among 60 BM negative cases, 15 were positive by KAtex and 23 were positive by DAT. The sensitivity of KAtex was 100.0% and specificity was 75.0%. The sensitivity of DAT was 100.0% and specificity is 61.6%. Conclusion: In conclusion, KAtex test is a good diagnostic tool for the detection of VL in comparison with DAT. Bangladesh Journal of Infectious Diseases, June 2019;6(1):12-15

scholarly journals Awareness of contraception in post-partum women in a tertiary care centre

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (9) ◽  
pp. 3850
Author(s):  
Rupali Atmaram Gaikwad ◽  
Shrinivas N. Gadappa ◽  
Sonali S. Deshpande
Keyword(s):  
Post Partum ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Contraceptive Device ◽  
Tertiary Care Centre ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Oral Contraceptive Pills ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Contraceptive Pills ◽  
Intrauterine Contraceptive

Background: In this modern or scientific era even though women are working equally or one step ahead of men, in family planning decision they are still lagging behind. Postpartum period is very crucial for a woman especially for many of those belonging to the villages as this may be the only time she comes in contact with a health personnel and in a mood to listen health advice. Keeping this in mind, this crucial period was considered as opportunity to test the issue of awareness regarding contraception.Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study in the department of obstetrics and gynecology of Govt medical college and hospital, Aurangabad between August 2016 to December 2016. A total 720 post-partum women were interrogated and counselled regarding various methods of contraception.Results: Only 55.69% were aware about various methods of contraception. Awareness was maximum for Sterilisation (91%) followed by Intrauterine contraceptive device (81%) and Oral contraceptive pills (41%). Women knew about contraception from health care system (45%) and mass media (36%). After counselling 97% patients ready to use.Conclusions: There is lack of awareness regarding contraception. Contraceptive services are to be strengthened by intergrating with antenatal sevices.

scholarly journals Hospital Based Prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 and Clinico-Demographic Profile of COVID-19 Patients: A Study from a Tertiary Care Hospital of North India

2021 ◽  
pp. 126-136
Author(s):  
Anjum Farhana ◽  
Shoaib Khan ◽  
Reyaz Khan ◽  
Umara Amin
Keyword(s):  
Severe Disease ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
North India ◽  
Common Symptom ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Medical College ◽  
History Of ◽  
One Year

Aims: To find out the prevalence, predominant risk factors and various clinico-demographic variables among patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 during the first year of the pandemic. Study Design: Hospital based, cross sectional study. Place and Duration of Study: Postgraduate department of Microbiology, Government Medical College, Srinagar, and associated hospitals, between March 2020 and March 2021. Methodology: Individuals with acute respiratory infection (ILI and SARI), high risk contacts and asymptomatic close contacts of COVID-19 positive patients, hospitalized patients dated for surgeries, pregnant women near expected date of deliveries, travellers were screened. A confirmed case of Covid-19 was defined as a positive result on real-time RT-PCR assay of nasopharyngeal and or Oropharyngeal swab specimens. A total of 2,17,665 samples were collected and processed over a period of one year. Results: Out of 2,17,665 samples, 61.3% were males and 38.7% were females, overall mean age was 34.3 years. 24,009 (11%) tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 infection, among them 63.5% were males while 36.5% were females, the mean age observed was 35.3 years. Highest positivity was observed in the age group of 30 – 39 years (22%), followed by 20 -29 years (20.4%), 12 (0.1%). Among positive cases, 19.4% had a history of contact with a lab confirmed case of SARS-CoV-2, 4.3% were HCW’s and 2.6% were pregnant females. 929 (3.9%) patients who tested positive had presented with SARI. Fever was the most common symptom (62%), followed by cough (41%) and fatigue was reported by 37% patients. Comorbidities were present in 23.2% patients, of which Hypertension 10.8% was the most common, followed by COPD 4.9% and Diabetes mellitus 4%. Conclusion: As evident from our study, COVID-19 has a high positivity (11%) in our region, with males twice more likely susceptible than females. High percentages (62%) of people were symptomatic at presentation, while severe disease was seen in only 3.9% patients. Early aggressive testing is essential to decrease the morbidity and mortality rates associated with COVID-19.

scholarly journals EVALUATION OF RISK FACTORS FOR BREAST CANCER IN PAKISTANI WOMEN

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 139-143
Author(s):  
Zeba Hisam ◽  
Noor Muhammad Soomro ◽  
Rasheed Ahmed Lakhiar
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Hair Dye ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Oral Contraceptive Pills ◽  
Contraceptive Pills ◽  
History Of ◽  
Lack Of Exercise ◽  
Pakistani Women

Background: Breast cancer is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortility in females of pakistan. We conducted this study to evaluate risk factors for developing breast cancer in Pakistani women. Methods: An observational/ cross sectional study was conducted at Dr. Ruth Pfau K. M Civil Hospital Karachi, Oncology Ward, from May 2017 to February 2018. A total of 80 patients of biopsy positive cases of breast cancer in Pakistani females were included who were admitted for chemotherapy. By taking the histories, their risk factors were evaluated, weight, height recorded and BMI calculated. Results: In this study 80 females were included to evaluate the risk factors for cancer of breast. Age was 40-59 years in 46.3% and 32.5% were of 24-39 year. Out of total, 98.8% were married, 1.3% was unmarried. Family history of breast cancer was 17.5%, early menarche 7.5%, late menopause 11.8%. Nulliparity was 10% and multiparity was 90%. Age at first full-term pregnancy above 35 years was 1.3%. Breast-feeding was in 77.5% and oral contraceptive pills use 18.8%. HRT was absent 100%. Dietary intake of high fat 40%, lack of exercise 95%, raised BMI 78.8% and use of hair dye in 58.8%. Synthetic dye use was reported in 4% and Henna was used in 96%. Frequency of hair dye use, ranged from occasional (4-5 times/year) 4.2%, to twice a month 4.2% and monthly 91.6%. Duration of hair dye use reported was for 2 years (4%), 5 years (7%), 7 years (11%), 10 years (14%), 15 years (20%) and 20 years (28%). Conclusion: The risk factors for cancer of breast have a different implication on Pakistani women than their western counterparts. Genetic and hormonal factors play a smaller role while life style factors play a major role including a recently associated risk factor of the use of hair dye.

scholarly journals A study of surgical profile of patients undergoing hemorrhoidectomy

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (9) ◽  
pp. 2947
Author(s):  
Pradeep Kumar Pande ◽  
Yashwant Dhruv
Keyword(s):  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Co Morbidity ◽  
History Of ◽  
One Year ◽  
Gandhi Medical College ◽  
Rural Dwellers

Background: Hemorrhoids are common. It is usually defined as increase in size as well as distal displacement of apparently normal cushions which generally leads to symptoms. Globally many people are affected. It is considered as a major public health problem. It has a multifactorial etiology. Objective was to surgical profile of patients undergoing hemorrhoidectomy.Methods: Present hospital based cross sectional study was carried out for a period of one and a half years at department of general surgery, Gandhi medical college and associated Hamidia hospital, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India, among 90 patients undergoing hemorrhoidectomy. Thorough history, detailed clinical examination, complete rectal examination and hemoglobin estimation was carried out.Results: It was found that maximum cases were below the age of 40 years. Males suffered more (73.3%) than females (26.7%). Hemorrhoids were seen commonly among urban dwellers (87.7%) than rural dwellers (12.3%). The most common presenting complaint was bleeding in 97.7% of cases. Maximum patients reported to the hospital within one-year history of bleeding i.e. 71.1%. Majority i.e. 73.3% had normal hemoglobin levels. 46.6% had ano-rectal disease.Conclusions: Incidence of hemorrhoids was more common among the cases of the present study. People below 40 years of age were commonly affected. It was more in males. Bleeding was the most common presenting symptom. Anemia was not so common. Anal fissure was the commonest associated co-morbidity.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Premarital Sex and Related Risky Practices Among Students of Ayer Tena Health Science and Business College, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: A cross-sectional study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dagim Birri ◽  
Mihiretu Kumie
Keyword(s):  
Addis Ababa ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Health Science ◽  
Premarital Sex ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Oral Contraceptive Pills ◽  
Business College ◽  
Contraceptive Pills ◽  
History Of ◽  
Study Participants

Abstract Background: Premarital sex may result in sexually transmitted infections (STIs) and unwanted pregnancy. Published reports on the prevalence premarital in private colleges in Ethiopia are limited. This study aimed at assessing the prevalence of premarital and risky behaviours among students of Ayer Tena Health Science and Business College, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among of Ayer Tena Health Science and Business College, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. A semi-structured questionnaire was used to collect data from 390 students that were selected by systematic random sampling. Data analysis was done using SPSS version 23. Associations between variables were determined using chi-square test.Results: The study participants consisted of 81% females, 73.7% Christians, 58% business students, 56.8 % degree students, 62.1% regular students and 49.1% fresh students. We found that 23.3% of the students had exprienced premarital sex, of which 43.5% had sex in the last 12 months, 14.3% were homosexuals, and 20% started sex before 18. About 68.2% never used condom at the first sex and 60% had history of having sex without condom. About 51.3% did not plan for the first sex. Nearly 34% had multiple sexual partners in their life time and 15.5% had multiple current sexual partners. From 334 respondents, 14.7% said that oral contraceptive pills prevent sexually STIs. Nearly 59 % (47/80) of the study subjects did not have a practice of requesting a new sexual partner for STIs test result. Many students had a history of watching pornography (17.3%), drinking alcohol (17.3%) and taking drugs (3%). Among 65 female students, 20% had a history of pregnancy, of which 46.2% have done abortion. Among those who practiced sexual intercourse, 5.9% had history of STIs, including HIV. Premarital sex was common among males, Christians, health students, non-regular students, degree students, and among those who never attended religious services, live alone, have income, watch pornography, believe that oral contraceptive pills prevent STIs, and take alcohol.Conclusion: The prevalence of premarital is high among the study participants. Risky behaviors and misconceptions are also common. Hence, it would be better to devise and implement effective intervention strategies to reverse the situation.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Adenomyosis in Hysterectomy Specimens Performed at a Tertiary Hospital of Kathmandu, Nepal

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 118-122
Author(s):  
Kricha Pande ◽  
S Koirala ◽  
A Giri
Keyword(s):  
Incidental Finding ◽  
Tertiary Hospital ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Intraepithelial Lesion ◽  
The Mean ◽  
One Year ◽  
Serous Cyst Adenoma

Adenomyosis is a common condition, detected in 15-30% of hysterectomy specimens. It is characterized by the presence of endometrial glands and stroma within the myometrium. The data regarding incidence or incidental finding of adenomyosis in hysterectomy specimen is lacking despite this condition being common and bearing serious implications in symptomatology as well as in infertility. Adenomyosis can be incidental finding in hysterectomy done for other gynecologic pathology as well. Hence, this present study has established the prevalence of adenomyosis as well as it’s association with other uterine pathology in routine hysterectomy specimens. This was a cross sectional study conducted at Nepal Medical College and Teaching Hospital (NMCTH), Kathmandu for a duration of one year (March 2019 to February 2020). Total of 154 hysterectomies were included in the study, out of which 37 cases showed adenomyosis. The prevalence of adenomyosis was 24%. The age group for adenomyosis ranged from 36 years to 52 years with the mean age of 44 ± 4.4 years. The most common pathology other than adenomyosis was leiomyoma (19 cases) followed by two cases of endometriotic cyst, two cases of endometrial polyp, one case of high grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL), one case of hyperplasia of endometrium with atypia, and one case of serous cyst adenoma of ovary. Thus this study showed that the prevalence of adenomyosis was 24% and was seen higher in the age group of 35-50 years. The most frequent co-pathology in these adenomyosis cases was leiomyoma.

Rapid detection of Rotavirus antigen in stool sample of acute diarrheic children

2012 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-13
Author(s):  
Sushmita Roy ◽  
S.M. Shamsuzzaman ◽  
K.Z. Mamun
Keyword(s):  
Stool Sample ◽  
Rapid Detection ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Rapid Diagnosis ◽  
Age Group ◽  
College Hospital ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Rotavirus Infection ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Stool Samples

Rotavirus is one of the leading causes of pediatric diarrhea globally. Accurate and rapid diagnosis of Rotavirus diarrhea should reduce unnecessary use of antibiotics and ultimately reduce drug resistance. Study was designed for rapid diagnosis of Rotavirus antigen in stool sample by ICT (Immunochromatographic test) as well as to observe the seasonal variation of rotavirus infection. This cross sectional study was carried out in the department of Microbiology, Dhaka Medical College from January 2011 to December 2011. Eighty stool samples were collected from Dhaka Shishu Hospital and Dhaka Medical College Hospital. All samples were tested for rotavirus antigen by ICT. Among 80 patients, 42 (52.5%) samples were positive for rotavirus antigen. Among these 42 positive samples, 30 (71.43%) were from 0-12 months of age group, 10 (23.81%) from 13 to 24 months of age group and rest 2 (4.76%) from 25 to 36 months of age group. Rotavirus Ag was detected in stool samples from January to April and another peak episode from October to December. Considering the importance of Rotavirus associated diarrhea, rapid detection of Rotavirus infection in human is substantially needed and should be routinely practiced.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjmm.v6i1.19354 Bangladesh J Med Microbiol 2012; 06(01): 11-13

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document