Clinical profile of amblyopia and outcome of occlusion therapy in pediatric populations attending a referral hospital

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 214-222
Author(s):  
Raju Kaiti ◽  
◽  
Asik Pradhan ◽  
Monica Chaudhry ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Visual Acuity ◽  
Visual Impairment ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Active Vision ◽  
Late Presentation ◽  
Clinical Profile ◽  
Public Health Issue ◽  
Design Data ◽  
Occlusion Therapy ◽  
Prevalent Subtype

AIM: To study clinical profile of amblyopia and also the outcomes of occlusion therapy among the amblyopes. METHODS: This was a hospital-based longitudinal study by design. Data were collected from April 2015 to April 2016 in Ophthalmology Department of Dhulikhel Hospital. Presenting visual acuity, chief complaint at presentation, age at presentation, refractive status, binocularity and fixation patterns were assessed in all the children with amblyopia. Improvement in visual acuity was also noted in all the subjects after occlusion therapy, which is a most commonly used modality of treatment for amblyopia. RESULTS: Among 1092 children examined during the study period, 60 (5.49%) were amblyopic. Among them, 35 (58.30%) were females and 25 (41.70%) were males. The mean age at presentation was 8.87±3.29y. Meridional amblyopia was the most prevalent subtype seen in 43.3% (n=26) of children followed by anisohypermetropic amblyopia (20%, n=12). The most common refractive error was astigmatism accounting for 58.30% of the total cases followed by hypermetropia (22.5%) and myopia (7.5%). Compliance with spectacle wear combined with occlusion therapy and active vision therapy was 73.3% (n=44). There was a statistically significant improvement in visual acuity of the amblyopic eyes after the different treatment strategies after 3mo (P=0.002). CONCLUSION: Prevalence of amblyopia and associated visual impairment is still a public health issue in developing countries like Nepal. Lack of awareness and lack of community or preschool vision screening for children lead to late presentation and significant visual impairment associated with the condition. The burden can easily be reduced with screening camps, timely referrals and proper interventions.

Comparison of visual acuity charts identifying visual impairment among older people outside the eye clinic

2012 ◽  
Vol 35 (16) ◽  
pp. 1394-1400 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisbeth Claesson ◽  
Johanna Blomstrand ◽  
Kajsa Eklund ◽  
Kristina Eriksson ◽  
Synneve Dahlin-Ivanoff
Keyword(s):  
Visual Acuity ◽  
Older People ◽  
Visual Impairment ◽  
Eye Clinic

scholarly journals Demographic pattern, clinical profile and visual outcome of patients with optic neuritis in a tertiary level eye care center of eastern Nepal

2014 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 250-253
Author(s):  
BG Shrestha ◽  
M Sharma ◽  
P Lavaju ◽  
SM Pokharel ◽  
N Agrawal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Visual Acuity ◽  
Optic Neuritis ◽  
Care Center ◽  
Visual Outcome ◽  
Clinical Profile ◽  
Response To Treatment ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
History Of ◽  
Intravenous Steroids ◽  
Time Of Presentation

Introduction: Optic neuritis is one of the common causes of sudden visual impairment. Early diagnosis and treatment with intravenous steroids can hasten visual recovery. Objective: To analyze the demographic pattern, clinical profile, and response to treatment with pulse methylprednisolone in patients presenting with optic neuritis. Methods: A hospital based retrospective analysis of records of patients with optic neuritis presenting at BPKIHS between April 2010 to February 2012 was carried out. Demographic pattern, clinical profile and visual outcome at the time of presentation and discharge were recorded. Results: Thirty-five patients (44 eyes) presented with optic neuritis. A total of 33 eyes (75%) had papillitis and 11 eyes (25%) had retrobulbar optic neuritis. Male to female ratio was 2.18:1. The mean age at presentation was 31.20 ± 17.07 years. Diminution of vision was the commonest mode of presentation. Bilateral involvement was seen in 9 patients (25.71%). The 38 eyes (86.36%) had abnormal pupillary reaction. Eight patients (22.85%) had preceeding history of trauma, 1 (2.85%) had ethmoidal sinusitis and 1 (2.85%) otitis media. At the time of discharge 32 eyes (72.7%) showed recovery in visual acuity after pulse I.V. methylprednisolone therapy. Duration at presentation, visual acuity at presentation and diagnosis did not affect the final visual outcome (p=0.486, p=0.162 and p=0.122 respectively). Conclusion: Majority of patients presented with papillitis of idiopathic origin. Most of the cases were unilateral. Most patients with visual acuity of at least perception of light or better at the time of presentation improved after pulse I.V. methylprednisolone therapy. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/hren.v11i3.9641 Health Renaissance 2013;11(3):250-253

scholarly journals Neuroplasticity in visual impairments

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Paulo Ramiler Silva ◽  
Tiago Farias ◽  
Fernando Cascio ◽  
Levi Dos Santos ◽  
Vinícius Peixoto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Visual Acuity ◽  
Visual Impairment ◽  
Visual Impairments ◽  
Cortical Reorganization ◽  
Pubmed Database ◽  
Visual Areas ◽  
Visual Acuity Loss ◽  
The Brain

The visual acuity loss enables the brain to access new pathways in the quest to overcome the visual limitation and this is wellknown as neuroplasticity which have mechanisms to cortical reorganization. In this review, we related the evidences about the neuroplasticity as well as cortical anatomical differences and functional repercussions in visual impairments. We performed a systematic review of PUBMED database, without date or status publication restrictions. The findings demonstrate that the visual impairment produce a compensatory sensorial effect, in which non-visual areas are related to both cross (visual congenital) and multimodal (late blind) neuroplasticity.

scholarly journals Implications of a Remote Study of Children With Cerebral Visual Impairment for Conducting Virtual Pediatric Eye Care Research: Virtual Assessment Is Possible for Children With CVI

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reem Almagati ◽  
Barry S. Kran
Keyword(s):  
Visual Acuity ◽  
Visual Impairment ◽  
Low Vision ◽  
Typically Developing ◽  
Typically Developing Children ◽  
Parent Questionnaire ◽  
Low Vision Clinic ◽  
Age Range ◽  
Vision Function ◽  
E Mail

The Pandemic of 2020 impacted conducting in-person research. Our proposed project already had an asynchronous online component but was later morphed to add a synchronous online component, thereby eliminating the need for in-person assessment. The project compares the results of various tests between a group of children with Cerebral Visual Impairments (CVI) (N = 4) and an age-matched sample of children without CVI (N = 3) from a pediatric low vision clinic. This model was trialed with a small convenient sample of typically developing children in the same age range (N = 4). Given the positive feedback, recruitment for the larger study was done via encrypted e-mail rather than through traditional mailing. The asynchronous components included recruitment, pre-assessment information, the Flemish CVI questionnaire, Vineland-3 comprehensive parent questionnaire for assessment of age equivalent, and vision function tests, such as contrast sensitivity. The synchronous components were administered via Zoom telehealth provided by necoeyecare.org and included assessment of visual acuity via the Freiburg Visual Acuity and Contrast Test (FrACT) electronic software and assessment of visual perceptual batteries via the Children’s Visual Impairment Test for developmental ages 3–6-years (CVIT 3–6). Our virtual testing protocol was successful in the seven participants tested. This paper reviews and critiques the model that we utilized and discusses ways in which this model can be improved. Aside from public health considerations during the pandemic, this approach is more convenient for many families. In a broader perspective, this approach can be scaled for larger N studies of rare conditions, such as CVI without being confined by proximity to the researcher.

scholarly journals Prevalence and causes of visual impairment and blindness among school children in Muzaffarabad, Pakistan

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 93
Author(s):  
Abdul Rauf Awan ◽  
Junaid Jamshed ◽  
Muhammad Mushtaq Khan ◽  
Zahid Latif
Keyword(s):  
Visual Acuity ◽  
Public Schools ◽  
Visual Impairment ◽  
Private Schools ◽  
School Children ◽  
School Health ◽  
Vision Loss ◽  
Screening Program ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Cross Sectional

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> Vision loss<strong> </strong>in childhood has serious implications in all stages of child’s growth and development. It poses social, educational and occupational challenges, with affected children being at greater risk of developing behavioral, psychological and emotional problems, lower self-esteem and poorer social integration. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence and identify the causes of visual impairment and blindness in school children of UC Gojra, Muzaffarabad, Pakistan so that prevention strategies could be implemented.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> This was a<strong> </strong>school-based descriptive cross-sectional study conducted among public and private schools. A multi-stage stratified random sampling technique was used for selecting study participants aged 5-20 years from 24 schools in Muzaffarabad. The vision of school children was examined for visual acuity using standard Snellen chart. Those participants who had visual acuity of &lt;6/18 in either eye underwent a more detailed ophthalmic examination to diagnose the causes of VI. An exploration of demographic variables was conducted using Chi-square test.  </p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> The mean age of participants was 10±2.83.<strong> </strong>The prevalence of visual impairment was 19.6% and 2.3% for severe visual impairment. The age group most affected by VI was 11-15 years (74.2%). There were increased chances of developing VI with advancing age of the participants. Males contributed 88.7% of the cases of VI while females contributed only 11.3%. The class category 5-6 had higher percentage of VI cases (32.7%). Public schools contributed 52.8% of the cases of VI while for private schools the corresponding percentage was 47.2%. The leading cause of VI was refractive error (89.3%) followed by amblyopia (5.0%). Other causes of VI included cataract (1.2%), corneal disease (1.8%), strabismus (1.8%) and nystagmus (0.6%).</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> There is a need to implement school health policy on visual screening prior to admissions in schools and annual eye screening program for early detection and prompt treatment of eye problems among school children in Muzaffarabad.</p>

scholarly journals Prevalence of severe visual impairment and barriers to access eye care services in the Udupi district

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 343-355
Author(s):  
Lavanya G. Rao ◽  
Dushyanth Sharma ◽  
Sulatha V. Bhandary ◽  
Divya Handa ◽  
Yogish Kamath
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Visual Acuity ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Visual Impairment ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Eye Care ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Care Services ◽  
Care Facilities ◽  
Lack Of Knowledge

Aim: To assess the prevalence of severe visual impairment (SVI) and reasons for not accessing eye care services in a field practice area of a tertiary care hospital. Study design: Cross-sectional observational study. Materials and methods: Through a cross-sectional study using simple random sampling, a total of 1510, individuals above 18 years of age, from six rural and maternity welfare centers (RMCW) within a distance of 20 km from a tertiary hospital were approached. All participants underwent basic assessment of visual acuity, anterior segment evaluation using torch light, and answered a structured questionnaire on eye care. Results: Of 1510 subjects, 267 had SVI (defined as visual acuity < 6/60 either in one or both eyes) with a prevalence of 17.7%. SVI was higher among men and those above 60 years of age (52.8%). Significant association was found between barriers to accessing eye care facilities and lack of knowledge to access health care (p = 0.004), lack of financial support (95% CI, p = 0.006), and social reasons (95% CI, p = 0.028). Prevalence of SVI among diabetics was 32.7% as compared to non-diabetics (OR: 2.630; 95% confidence interval: 1.864–3.712), and among hypertensives was 34.61% as compared to non-hypertensives (OR: 2.836; 95% confidence interval: 1.977–4.068). Conclusion: In spite of being close to a tertiary care center, a prevalence of SVI in 17.7% of this population indicates a lack of knowledge regarding the importance of self-health care in subjects. This emphasizes the need to increase the awareness among the general public to access the ophthalmic health care facilities in order to improve the ocular health of the patients.

scholarly journals A Review on the Treatments for Monocular Visual Impairment for the Development of a Visual Aid

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (4.35) ◽  
pp. 282
Author(s):  
Nirvenesh Ravindran ◽  
Hassan Mohamed
Keyword(s):  
Visual Impairment ◽  
Perceptual Learning ◽  
Depth Perception ◽  
Pharmacological Treatment ◽  
External Factors ◽  
Occlusion Therapy ◽  
The World ◽  
Visual Aid ◽  
Clear Insight ◽  
Insight Into

Amblyopia is the most commonly found monocular visual impairment in the world. This paper presents an initial investigation into developing a visual aid for monocular visual impaired patients. The investigations conducted in this paper include those from direct interviews from consultant ophthalmologist. Investigations include reviewing the principle required to be embedded into the visual aid such as the distance and depth perception. Stereoscopic cameras and algorithms are also further discussed to interlink with the concepts of depth perception. Monocular visual impairment can most of the time be caused by medical conditions like amblyopia or glaucoma, and rarely caused by accidents and external factors. Thus, existing treatments for amblyopia, the effectiveness and challenges of the treatment are also clearly investigated and scrutinized in this paper. Some of the existing treatments include refractive therapy, occlusion therapy, atropine injections, perceptual learning, pharmacological treatment and acupuncture. This study has provided a clear insight into the requirements of developing a visual aid, thus further addressing the challenges faced by the treatments in this impairment.

scholarly journals Prevalence and risk factors for visual impairment among elderly residents in ‘homes for the aged’ in India: the Hyderabad Ocular Morbidity in Elderly Study (HOMES)

2020 ◽  
Vol 105 (1) ◽  
pp. 32-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
Srinivas Marmamula ◽  
Navya Rekha Barrenakala ◽  
Rajesh Challa ◽  
Thirupathi Reddy Kumbham ◽  
Satya Brahmanandam Modepalli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Visual Acuity ◽  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Visual Impairment ◽  
Vision Loss ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Posterior Capsular Opacification ◽  
Routine Practice ◽  
Homes For The Aged ◽  
Uncorrected Refractive Error

Background/AimTo investigate the prevalence, causes and risk factors of visual impairment (VI) among the elderly in ‘home for the aged’ in Hyderabad, India.MethodsIndividuals aged ≥60 years were recruited from 41 ‘homes for the aged’. All participants had complete eye examinations including presenting visual acuity, refraction, slit-lamp examination, intraocular pressure measurement and fundus imaging by trained clinicians. VI was defined as presenting visual acuity worse than 6/18 in the better eye. Multivariate logistic regression was used to determine the risk factors associated with VI.Results1512 elderly residents from 41 homes for the aged were enumerated, of whom 1182 (78.1%) were examined. The mean age of examined participants was 75.0 years (SD 8.8 years; range: 60–108 years); 35.4% of those examined were men. The prevalence of VI was 30.1% (95% CI 27.5 to 32.8). The leading cause of VI was cataract (46.3%, n=165), followed by uncorrected refractive error (27.0%, n=96), posterior capsular opacification (14.9%, n=53) and posterior segment disease (6.5%, n=23). Overall, 88.2% of the VI was either treatable or correctable. In multiple logistic regression, those aged 80 years and older (OR: 1.7, p<0.01), living in ‘free’ homes (OR: 1.5, p<0.01) and who were immobile/bedridden (OR: 3.02, p<0.01) had significantly higher odds of VI. Gender was not associated with VI.ConclusionsVI was common and largely avoidable in residents of ‘homes for the aged’ in Hyderabad, India. Screening for vision loss in ‘homes for aged’ and the provision of appropriate services should become routine practice to achieve the goal of healthy ageing in India.

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