scholarly journals Study of a Modified Obstruction Free Pressure Sensor Based Flow Transducer Using Hall Sensors

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 143-151
Author(s):  
Hiranmoy Mandal ◽  
Ujjwal Mondal ◽  
Satish Chandra Bera
Keyword(s):  
Pressure Sensor ◽  
Flow Condition ◽  
Fluid Pressure ◽  
Static Characteristic ◽  
Hall Sensor ◽  
Inductive Method ◽  
Characteristic Curves ◽  
Flow Transducer ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Hall Sensors

In the present paper, a modified obstruction free pressure sensor-based flow transducer has been developed using Hall sensors. This technique is a modified version of the earlier inductive method. In this transducer, the fluid pressure in the pipeline is taken as the flow sensing parameter, and various drawbacks of the earlier inductive technique are eliminated. A prototype unit of the transducer is developed and studied in the present work. The transducer consists of two identical C-type Bourdon gauges, each fitted with an identical permanent magnet and Hall sensor assembly to sense the fluid pressure under flow condition and static pressure under no flow condition. The difference between the two Hall sensor outputs is found to vary nonlinearly with flow rate. The mathematical relations describing the working of the prototype unit are derived in the paper. The static characteristic curves of the proposed flow transducer are determined experimentally and reported in the paper. The characteristic curves are found to follow the derived equations to a very good extent with negligible percentage deviation from best-fit nonlinear characteristic.

Ḥadith ‘Āishah fī Man’i al-Nisā’ Min al-Masājid; Niqāsh ‘Ulamā’ Bangladesh Ḥaulahu

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 97-115
Author(s):  
Syed Mahmudul Hasan
Keyword(s):  
Analytical Method ◽  
Inductive Method ◽  
The Common ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Common Situation

The Narration of Aisyah (May Allah be pleased with her), is the main focus of the controversy among Bangladeshi scholars on the issue of women's prayer in the mosque. The reason for the dispute is that a group of them issued the ruling based on the phenomenon of the text, and the others explained the ruling of Hadith according to the common situation in the society. If the circumstances change, the ruling will change along with it, because the originality of the issue is permissible, that is proven from other texts. This research adopts an inductive method to survey the Prophetic hadiths that talk about the prayer of women in the Mosque in terms of permissibility and prohibition and analytical method to analyze the difference in opinion of Bangladeshi scholars related to this issue. The research finds that the ruling of Shari’ah is a process that is continuous and permanent. But in necessity and emergency, it has the notion of flexibility and explanation. In the issue of women’s presence in the mosque, they should be allowed if they abide by the suggestions of Prophet (s) and should not if they don’t. So, Prohibition is not from the prophet (s), but it is from their obedience to the ruling.

Study of a modified non-contact Hall sensor-based flow transducer using centrifugal and momentum force principle

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sirshendu Saha ◽  
Saikat Kumar Bera ◽  
Saurabh Pal ◽  
Satish Chandra Bera
Keyword(s):  
Hall Sensor ◽  
Flow Transducer

Transcapillary Starling forces using membrane osmometry

1980 ◽  
Vol 238 (6) ◽  
pp. H886-H888
Author(s):  
J. L. Christian ◽  
R. A. Brace
Keyword(s):  
Osmotic Pressure ◽  
Interstitial Fluid ◽  
Subcutaneous Tissue ◽  
Fluid Pressure ◽  
Colloid Osmotic Pressure ◽  
Interstitial Fluid Pressure ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Small Pore ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Good Agreement

Membrane osmometry was used to estimate the four transcapillary Starling pressures in subcutaneous tissue of rats, guinea pigs, and dogs. Isolated subcutaneous tissue samples were either placed on a large-pore or small-pore osmometer that measured the interstitial fluid pressure (Pif) and the difference between the interstitial fluid pressure and the interstitial protein osmotic pressure (Pif-pi if), respectively. The colloid osmotic pressure of the interstitial fluid (pi if) was obtained from the difference in these two pressures. A plasma sample placed on the small-pore osmometer yielded the colloid osmotic pressure of the plasma proteins (pi c). Finally the capillary pressure (Pc) was calculated from the three other Starling forces. In the rat, guinea pig, and dog, respectively, the estimated Starling forces were as follows: Pif -2.2, -2.1, and -4.8 mmHg; pi if, 7.3, 4.8, and 4.4 mmHg; pi c, 21.3, 19.5, and 19.2 mmHg; and Pc, 11.8, 12.6, and 10.0 mmHg. A comparison with data obtained in other studies using different methods shows good agreement and strongly supports membrane osmometry as a method for measuring the Starling pressures in subcutaneous tissue.

Basic Theory of Simplified Dynamic Model for Spherical Tank Considering Swinging Effect

2019 ◽  
Vol 141 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuan Lü ◽  
Jiangang Sun ◽  
Zongguang Sun ◽  
Lifu Cui ◽  
Zhen Wang
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Model ◽  
Shear Force ◽  
Velocity Potential ◽  
Fluid Pressure ◽  
Site Conditions ◽  
Base Shear ◽  
Site Condition ◽  
Spherical Tank ◽  
Overturning Moment ◽  
The Difference

Abstract Consider the swinging effect of spherical tank, the theory of velocity potential is adopted, and a reasonable potential function is derived according to the boundary conditions. Further, the dynamic fluid pressure, the wave height of the liquid, the shear force and the overturning moment at the bottom of the spherical tank is calculated, and a simplified dynamic model of spherical tank considering liquid sloshing and swinging effect was constructed. The seismic response was studied and compared with the results without considering the swing effect. The results show that: for Ι, II site conditions, base shear force and overturning moment of considering the swing effect is slightly smaller than when nonconsidering and the difference rate between the two is very small. III–IV site conditions, each condition value of considering the swing effect is larger than when nonconsidering and the difference rate between the two is relatively large. Aseismic design of spherical tank and the influence of swing effect should be considered if the site condition is III and IV, and if site I and II, they can be ignored.

An experimental study on the cryogenic face seal at different inlet pressures

2019 ◽  
Vol 234 (9) ◽  
pp. 1470-1481
Author(s):  
Guoyuan Zhang ◽  
Yangyang Zhao ◽  
Weigang Zhao ◽  
Xiutian Yan ◽  
Maotan Liang
Keyword(s):  
Friction Coefficient ◽  
Friction Force ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Fluid Pressure ◽  
Stable State ◽  
Test System ◽  
Leakage Rate ◽  
Mechanical Seals ◽  
Closing Force ◽  
The Difference

An experimental test system for cryogenic high-speed hydrodynamic non-contact mechanical seals is developed. Based on this system, the performances of seals under different working conditions are studied in detail in this paper. With the experimental results, the main performances of the seals (such as inlet and outlet temperatures, separated speed, face temperature, friction force, friction coefficient, leakage rate) are obtained, and the relationships of the performances with the inlet fluid pressure, the closing force and the rotational speed are discussed. The results show that the difference between the outlet and inlet temperatures decreases with increasing inlet fluid pressure. As the speed increases, the friction force varies little and remains at a constant value. The friction coefficient of the seal is approximately 0.12 and basically does not change with the speed. The leakage rate is also maintained at approximately 190 g/s. With the increase in the closing force, the friction at the seal’s face does not change greatly, which indicates that the friction at the face is always in a stable state with the seal’s closing force.

Biot coefficient is distinct from effective pressure coefficient

Geophysics ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 81 (4) ◽  
pp. L27-L33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tobias M. Müller ◽  
Pratap N. Sahay
Keyword(s):  
Pressure Coefficient ◽  
Fluid Pressure ◽  
Confining Pressure ◽  
Effective Pressure ◽  
Pore Scale ◽  
Biot Coefficient ◽  
Saturated Rock ◽  
Bulk Volume ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Pressure Changes

Within the Biot poroelasticity theory, the effective pressure coefficient for the bulk volume of a fluid-saturated rock and the Biot coefficient are one and the same quantity. The effective pressure coefficient for the bulk volume is the change of confining pressure with respect to fluid-pressure changes when the bulk volume is held constant. The Biot coefficient is the fluid volume change induced by bulk volume changes in the drained condition. However, there is experimental evidence showing a difference between these two coefficients, arguably caused by microinhomogeneities, such as microcracks and other compliant pore-scale features. In these circumstances, we advocate using the generalized constitutive pressure equations recently developed by Sahay wherein the effective pressure coefficient and the Biot coefficient enter as distinct quantities. Therein, the difference is attributed to the porosity effective pressure coefficient that serves as a measure for the deviation from the Biot prediction and accounts for microinhomogeneities. We have concluded that these generalized constitutive pressure equations offer a meaningful alternative to model observed rock behavior.

A High Pressure Sensor with Circular Diaphragm Based on MEMS Technology

2011 ◽  
Vol 483 ◽  
pp. 206-211 ◽  
Author(s):  
Li Bo Zhao ◽  
Xu Dong Fang ◽  
Yu Long Zhao ◽  
Zhuang De Jiang ◽  
Yong Li
Keyword(s):  
High Pressure ◽  
Pressure Sensor ◽  
Correct Choice ◽  
Excellent Performance ◽  
Piezoresistive Sensors ◽  
Mems Technology ◽  
Circular Diaphragm ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Mems Process ◽  
Different Thickness

A pressure sensor in the range of 25 MPa with circular diaphragm is designed and fabricated, and the calibration experiments prove its excellent performance, which also reflects the correct choice of design after analyzing the effect of diaphragm dimension, location and shapes of piezoresistors. Circular diaphragms of different thickness and diameters are simulated to meet the pressure requirement of 25 MPa. It also displays the advantage of piezoresistive sensors over others and the difference characteristics between different types of piezoresistive sensors. And then the effect of piezoresistor location is analyzed and simulated to attain high accuracy and sensitivity after the circular diaphragm chip is packaged with borosilicate glass ring. The whole fabrication process of the chip is inexpensive and compatible with standard MEMS process. The experimental results show the developed high pressure sensor with the sensitivity of 2.533 mV/MPa has excellent performance, such as linearity of 0.08%FS, hysteresis of 0.03%FS, accuracy of 0.11%FS and repeatability of 0.03%FS under high temperature of 200 °C.

scholarly journals The separation between the verb and its object in the Holy Quran: An Analytical Rhetorical Study: الفصل بين الفعل ومفعوله في القرآن الكريم: دراسة بلاغية تحليلية

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdurrahman Helal Abdurrahman Alsalimi
Keyword(s):  
Great Influence ◽  
Inductive Method ◽  
Holy Quran ◽  
The Holy Quran ◽  
Rhetorical Study ◽  
The Difference

This research sheds light on the phenomenon of the separation between the verb and its object in the Holy Quran and I have stopped, within the framework of that, at the phenomenon of separation among linguists and rhetoricians, and then a discussion of the overlap of the separation with advancing, postponing, and addition, and then a discussion of the difference between separation and objection then talked about the difference between syntactic separation and rhetoric separation. After collecting many pieces of evidence, it became evident that this separation has precise illustrative connotations, unique rhetorical meanings, and that each context has its role in guiding the significance of the separator. The Quranic versified style has followed a miraculous course; its methods are varied, and its methods have differed that led to a great influence on the uniqueness and accuracy of its illustration and strength of its focus. The study relied on the descriptive inductive method.

Interstitial fluid pressure, composition of interstitium, and interstitial exclusion of albumin in hypothyroid rats

2000 ◽  
Vol 278 (5) ◽  
pp. H1627-H1639 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helge Wiig ◽  
Rolf K. Reed ◽  
Olav Tenstad
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Hormones ◽  
Interstitial Fluid ◽  
Fluid Pressure ◽  
Interstitial Fluid Pressure ◽  
Albumin Concentration ◽  
Rat Serum ◽  
Interstitial Fluid Volume ◽  
Hindlimb Muscle ◽  
The Difference ◽  
And Control

Lack of thyroid hormones may affect the composition and structure of the interstitium. Hypothyrosis was induced in rats by thyroidectomy 4–12 wk before the experiments. In hypothyroid rats ( n = 16), interstitial fluid pressure measured with micropipettes in hindlimb skin and muscle averaged +0.1 ± 0.2 and +0.5 ± 0.2 mmHg, respectively, with corresponding pressures in control rats ( n = 16) of −1.5 ± 0.1 ( P < 0.001) and −0.8 ± 0.1 mmHg ( P < 0.001). Interstitial fluid volume, measured as the difference between the distribution volumes of 51Cr-EDTA and125I-labeled BSA, was similar or lower in skin and higher in hypothyroid muscle. Total protein and albumin concentration in plasma and interstitial fluid (isolated from implanted wicks) was lower in hypothyroid compared with control rats. Hyaluronan content ( n = 9) in rat hindlimb skin was 2.05 ± 0.15 and 1.92 ± 0.09 mg/g dry wt ( P > 0.05) in hypothyroid and control rats, respectively, with corresponding content in hindlimb skeletal muscle of 0.35 ± 0.07 and 0.23 ± 0.01 mg/g dry wt ( P < 0.01). Interstitial exclusion of albumin in skin and muscle was measured after 125I-labeled rat serum albumin infusion for 120–168 h with an implanted osmotic pump. Relative excluded volume for albumin (Ve/Vi) was calculated as 1 − Va/Vi, and averaged 28 and 28% in hindlimb muscle ( P > 0.05), 44 and 45% in hindlimb skin ( P > 0.05), and 19 and 32% in back skin ( P < 0.05) in hypothyroid and control rats, respectively. Albumin mass was higher in back skin in spite of a lower interstitial fluid albumin concentration, a finding explained by a reduced Ve/Vi in back skin in hypothyroid rats. These experiments suggest that lack of thyroid hormones in rats changes the interstitial matrix again leading to reduced interstitial compliance and changes in the transcapillary fluid balance.

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