scholarly journals POTENTIALLY PRODUCTIVE SELECTION DEVELOPMENT DIRECTIONS OF HASHISH - FREE VARIETIES OF THE CENTRAL RUSSIAN HEMP

2021 ◽  
Vol 212 ◽  
pp. 81-85
Author(s):  
V.L. Dimitriev ◽  
◽  
L.G. Shashkarov ◽  
A.G. Lozhkin ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Production Efficiency ◽  
Early Maturity ◽  
Control Seed ◽  
Economic Production ◽  
Row Width ◽  
Experimental Base ◽  
Economically Valuable Traits ◽  
Plot Area ◽  
Is Development ◽  
Experimental Plots

The article considers and presents the main economic and biological parametres of new hashish-free varieties of androgenous hemp of the Central Russian type. The authors studied four zoned and recommended the following varieties of androgenous hemp into production: Diana, Ingreda, Antonio and Juliana. The research was carried out in 2013-2015 on the experimental base of Chuvash Research Institute of Agriculture. The objects of the research were androgenous hemp varieties: Diana, Ingreda, Antonio and Juliana. A comparative study of the varieties by a complex of economically valuable traits was carried out on a control seed plot. Experimental plots were 2-row, row width - 0.45 m, row length - 5.0 m, plot area - 4.5 m2. Repetition was sixfold. Sowing was carried out with a hand marker, the seeding scheme was 5x45 cm. According to the analysis, it was revealed that androgenous hemp has a high population uniformity by gender. It was established that early maturity of androgenous hemp varieties allows them to be cultivated both for seeds and fiber, which significantly increases the economic production efficiency. Androgenous hemp plants ensure simultaneous maturation of plants, which, in turn, allows mechanized harvesting to be carried out. A promising and noteworthy direction of hemp selection work is development of the so-called unisexual hybrids. It was revealed that the basis for creation of unisexual hemp is hybridization: dioecious varieties are taken for the maternal form, and monoecious varieties - for the fatherly one. In this regard, the question of creating the so-called unisexual hemp hybrids has been and remains an eternal topic of scientific research

scholarly journals Study of collection samples of table watermel with unconventional pulp color

2021 ◽  
pp. 11-15
Author(s):  
N. G. Baybakova ◽  
G. V. Varivoda
Keyword(s):  
Economic Value ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Source Material ◽  
Stress Factors ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Early Maturity ◽  
Genetic Traits ◽  
High Dry Matter ◽  
Pulp Consistency ◽  
Economically Valuable Traits

Relevance. The study of the collection is one of the main sources of replenishing the source material for the breeding process. The presence of the necessary genetic traits can speed up the breeding process. Therefore, at the Bykovskaya melon breeding experimental station, the genetic diversity of melon plants is assessed and promising samples are selected for use in breeding.Materials and methods. The object of research was samples of table watermelon with an unconventional color of the pulp. The aim of the work is to study and isolate the source material of watermelon for use in the breeding process to create new varieties and hybrids of melon crops. In the course of the study, 12 varieties of table watermelon were identified from 33 varieties of the collection nursery, which are sources of economically valuable traits. The selection was carried out according to the yield, the rate of entry into fruiting, taste, color of the pulp.Results. In the course of the research, the obtained samples of table watermelon with an unconventional color of the pulp were evaluated according to a set of economic characteristics in comparison with the standards: Zenith and Sinchevsky. The analysis of the tested samples made it possible to identify 12 samples by economically valuable traits: 3 samples by early maturity and taste: White sugar lump, White wonder, Golden revenge F1; 7 samples with a high dry matter content, in terms of yield and large fruit: Moon and stars yellowflesh, Sweet Siberian, Orangeglo, Daisy, Clay county yellow meat, Mountain sweet yellow, Tendergold; 2 samples for color and pulp consistency: Early moon beane Bakerlneek, Tenderweet orange. The selected samples meet the modern requirements of the industrial melon growing industry, resistant to stress factors of the environment, good taste and consumer properties.Findings. The obtained experimental data will be used to create a genetic collection of watermelon according to the traits that determine the economic value of the gene pool for further use in the breeding process. 

scholarly journals Breeding Malting Barley under Stress Conditions in South America

2011 ◽  
Vol 40 (No. 4) ◽  
pp. 140-147 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Germán S
Keyword(s):  
Grain Size ◽  
South America ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Leaf Rust ◽  
Production Efficiency ◽  
Malting Quality ◽  
Malt Extract ◽  
Malting Barley ◽  
Net Blotch ◽  
Early Maturity

The annual average area sown with barley (Hordeum vulgare) in South America during 1999–2003 was 795 000 ha. In Argentina, Brazil, Chile and Uruguay, two-rowed spring cultivars are used mostly for malt production. Research has been developed in private malting companies and official institutions supported by the industry. In Argentina, tolerance to drought and heat stress during grain filling are important in drier areas. Yield and malt extract had been improved in cultivars released from 1940 to 1998. In Brazil, progress in grain yield, grain size, malting quality, early maturity, and resistance to net blotch, powdery mildew, and leaf rust has been achieved by EMBRAPA and malting companies. Higher tolerance to soil acidity and resistance to spot blotch are required. Since 1976, malting barley breeding in INIA-Chile has improved grain yield, grain size, beer production efficiency, and resistance to scald, net blotch, stripe rust, and leaf rust. Uruguay produces high quality malt exported mainly to Brazil. Malting companies have released locally bred and introduced cultivars since the early 1970’s. Initiated in 1988, INIA-Uruguay breeding program has improved yield, malting quality, and lodging and disease resistance. Fusarium head blight is a new challenge for research in Brazil and Uruguay. Information regarding malting barley production, the most important stresses in different areas of production, and breeding progress under South American conditions is provided.  

scholarly journals EVALUATION OF WILD-GROWING FORMS OF CRESTED WHEATGRASS WHEN USING IN BREEDING

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (24) ◽  
pp. 42-48
Author(s):  
M.V. Derevyannikova ◽  
◽  
V.V. Chumakova ◽  
V.F. Chumakov ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
First Year ◽  
Forage Crops ◽  
Crested Wheatgrass ◽  
Economically Valuable Traits ◽  
New Varieties ◽  
Plot Area ◽  
Maintenance Work ◽  
Bare Fallow ◽  
Chelyabinsk Region ◽  
Selection Of

The practice of using wild-growing material in the breeding of forage crops has long been recognized as a relevant and effective method for creating new varieties. The purpose of the research was to assess wild-growing samples of the crested wheatgrass and isolate genetic sources of economically valuable traits for breeding in the Stavropol Territory. The research was carried out in 2017–2020. The material of the study – 22 wild specimens of crested wheatgrass (Agropyron pectiniforme Roem. et Shult.) of various ecological and geographical origin. The crested wheatgrass variety ‘Vikrav’ served as the standard. During the years of study, meteorological conditions were extremely dry. The assessment of the samples was carried out according to the guidelines for the selection of perennial cereal grasses. The experiment was laid on bare fallow, plot area – 3 m2. Sowing and maintenance work were carried out manually. On average, for three years (2018–2020), the yield of green mass of the studied samples ranged from 0.15 to 0.94 kg/m2; dry – from 0.07 to 0.38 kg/m2; seeds – from 0.015 to 0.070 kg/m2. Samples from Ukraine (d.d. 28, 30), Chelyabinsk region (d. 31) and Kazakhstan (d.d. 34 and 37) were more productive in terms of fodder weight. In terms of seed productivity, in the first year, wild samples from Aktobe (d. 5) and Chelyabinsk regions (d. 31), from Ukraine (d. 25) and Kazakhstan (d.d. 34 and 37) were distinguished. In the second year of herbage use – from the Chelyabinsk region (d. 31) and Kazakhstan (d.d. 35 and 37). In the third year of use, no significant excess over the standard was found. On average, over three years of use, wild specimens d. 31, d. 34, and d. 37 exceeded the standard in seed yield by 0.020-0.033 kg/m2. Wild specimens from the Chelyabinsk region (d. 31) and Kazakhstan (d. 34) were isolated according to the complex of valuable characteristics for use in breeding in the Stavropol Territory.

scholarly journals USE OF HETEROSIS IN THE SELECTION OF TOMATO ON SPEED

2018 ◽  
pp. 36-38
Author(s):  
N. J. Nurmatov ◽  
E. A. Jumayev
Keyword(s):  
Total Yield ◽  
Potato Research ◽  
F1 Hybrids ◽  
Maturation Period ◽  
Early Maturity ◽  
Important Indicator ◽  
Experimental Station ◽  
High Effect ◽  
Economically Valuable Traits ◽  
Selection Of

The research was carried out at the Surkhandarya Scientific Experimental Station of the Vegetable-Melon Plant and Potato Research Institute in 2013-2015.mThe aim of the research was to evaluate F1 hybrids and their parental forms by early maturity and to identify the most promising combinations in the conditions of southern Uzbekistan. The studies are devoted to the selection of the parental forms of tomato of different maturation period and the creation on their basis of F1 tomato hybrids and their evaluation on a set of economically valuable traits, primarily on early maturity. The total yield was highest for Dar Zavolzhye, Chelnok, Persey, Utro-2, Slava Moldova, Gruntoviy Gribovskiy 1180, Lyana (51.4-64.4 t/ha) and F1 hybrids: Ion-N x Persey, Novichok x Persey, Dar Zavolzhye x Slava Moldovy, VIR-100 x Perseus, Gruntoviy Gribovsky 1180 x Liyana, Lyana x Persey, Novichok x Slava Moldova, (76,2-90,8 t/ha). High early yield properties are distinguished in the samples of Ion-N, Lyana, Gruntovy Gribovsky 1180, Utro -2, VIR-100, Dar Zavolzhye (21.7-30.5 t/ha) and hybrid combinations Ion-N x Persey, Novichok x Persey, VIR-100 x Persey, Dar Zavolzhye x Slava Moldovy, Gruntoviy Gribovsky 1180 x Lyana, Lyana x Ion-N, the productivity of which for the first three harvest is 25.8-34.2 t/ha. The high effect of heterosis on the overall yield was noted in combinations of Novichok x Persey, Ion-N x Persey, VIR-100 x Persey, Argo x Slava Moldovy, Lyana x Persey, Dar Zavolzhye x Slava Moldovy, Novichok x Slava Moldovy. The above hybrids exceeded the most productive parent by 21.6-33.6 t / ha. The effect of heterosis was 39.6-64.0%. A high effect of heterosis (from 107.5 to 161.2%) on early yield was noted in combinations of Novichok x Persey, Ion-N x Persey, Dar Zavolzhye x Slava Moldovy, Dar Zavolzhye x Novichok, Lyana x Ion-N. Ion-N, VIR-100, Argo, Lyana, and the Slava Moldovy are distinguished according to this important indicator of the maturity of ripening. Only three combinations of Ion-H x Persey, Ion-N x VIR-100, Lyana x IonN, with the maturity of fruit ripening 43-54%.

scholarly journals Female flowering lines as the basis for new highly productive F1 zucchini hybrids

2021 ◽  
pp. 71-75
Author(s):  
S. V. Kuzmin
Keyword(s):  
Total Yield ◽  
Hybrid Seed Production ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Early Maturity ◽  
High Productivity ◽  
Economically Valuable Traits ◽  
Hybrid Seeds ◽  
Female Flowering ◽  
Product Attractiveness ◽  
Variety Testing

Relevance. The modern marrow seed market shows the prospect of creating F1 hybrids that have the maximum return on a high-quality crop. For their successful selection, parental forms with a complex of economically valuable traits and a high combinational ability are required. The most important role is played by the female zucchini maternal lines of flowering type, which allow for hybrid seed production with free pollination and obtain high quality F1 hybrid seeds.Materials and methods. The studies were carried out at of the Krymsk EBS VIR Branch (Russia, Krasnodar Region, Krymsk) in 2019-2021. Variety testing of lines and hybrids was carried out in the open field in the fields of selective crop rotation. The plot area was 5 m2, the experiment was repeated three times.Results. The general combinative ability of parental squash lines was studied, maternal forms with a positive GCA effect on early yield (F5 409-1, F5 409-2) and on total yield (F5 409-1) were identified. A preliminary variety testing of hybrid combinations was carried out in comparison with the standards F1 Belogor and F1 Pascal. The main economically valuable traits have been studied: early maturity, early and general yield, marketability, product attractiveness. F1 hybrids of zucchini were identified, obtained on the basis of maternal forms of the female type of flowering F5 409-1, F5 409-2 in terms of yield (early above 17,7 t/ha and total above 46,7 t/ha), and marketability, more than 83,2%.Conclusions. The high productivity of F1 zucchini hybrids obtained on the basis of maternal forms of the female flowering type F5 409-1, F5 409-2 proves the promising nature of their use in breeding. As a result of two years of study, a hybrid F1 (409-1×305) was isolated, with a complex of economically valuable traits: early yield 19,6 t/ha, total yield 52,6 t/ha, marketability 84,3%, attractive appearance of fruits.

scholarly journals Production efficiency of cultivation of plum varieties under arid conditions of the Astrakhan region

2021 ◽  
Vol 205 (02) ◽  
pp. 48-55
Author(s):  
Andrey Solonkin ◽  
Vyacheslav Zvolinskiy ◽  
Tat'yana Aleksandrova
Keyword(s):  
Production Efficiency ◽  
Fruit Production ◽  
Economic Feasibility ◽  
Federal State ◽  
Scientific Center ◽  
Early Maturity ◽  
Horticultural Crops ◽  
Arid Conditions ◽  
Crown Volume ◽  
Productivity Potential

Abstract. Purpose. The study of biometric growth indicators, the peculiarities of the passage of the main phenological phases of development, the study of early maturity, yield and commercial qualities of fruits of various varieties of plum, substantiation of the possibility and economic feasibility of their use for setting up intensive plantings in the arid conditions of the Astrakhan region. Methods. Research is carried out in the arid conditions of the Northern Caspian region, in the laboratory of fruit and horticultural crops of the Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution “Caspian Agrarian Federal Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences”, to study the most promising variety-rootstock combinations of plums, according to the method of variety study of fruit crops for subsequent selection and recommendation of the most promising for industrial gardening. Results. Based on the data obtained and analyzed, the highest level of profitability was obtained for varieties of plum Kubanskaya rannyaya (71.4 %) with a productivity of 2.48 kg/m3 of crown volume, and a payback of 1.79 rubles. for 1 rub. invested costs, and Anna Szpet (77.3 %) with a productivity of 1.07 kg/m3 of crown volume, with a payback of 1.77 rubles. for 1 rub. investment costs. Comparing the research results, it is concluded that the Kubanskaya rannyaya variety, which is the most profitable for industrial cultivation, has a higher productivity potential and more efficiently uses the planting area in comparison with other studied varieties. This variety can be recommended for intensive gardens in the Astrakhan region. The scientific novelty lies in the fact that, despite the wide assortment of plums that exists today, for each zone it is necessary to select both varieties and rootstocks for stable and economically viable fruit production.

BIOCHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF CAULIFLOWER IN IRRIGATED AGRICULTURE

1970 ◽  
pp. 62-65
Author(s):  
Е. G. Gadzhimustapaeva
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Field Tests ◽  
Food Product ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Irrigated Agriculture ◽  
World Collection ◽  
Economically Valuable Traits ◽  
Plot Area ◽  
Solids Content ◽  
Methodological Guidelines

Cauliflower is a food product highly regarded for its nutritional, taste and especially dietary properties. The studies noted that it is chemical composition depends on the growing region and on the meteorological conditions of the growing season. It were studied 36 samples of cauliflower from a new set of the VIR world collection: from Russia – 4, the Netherlands – 18, Japan – 4, 2 from Sweden and India, and one by one from Germany, Denmark, Poland, Italy, Bangladesh, Canada. Chemical analysis was implemented at the VIR Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (St. Petersburg). In the Dagestan experimental station in 2009-2011 a small-size plot experiments were laid to determine chemical indicators on a wider assortment of cauliflower – Brassica cauliflower Lizg. during the summer-autumn cultivation period. Seeds were sown in the ridges on June 15 - 20, seedlings were planted in the field on July 25-30. The registration plot area is 8.4 m2. “Ariel” variety was taken as the standard. To determine the chemical composition the samples were collected during the period when the plants reached 50-75% of the plant heads availability. Agricultural techniques of cauliflower cultivation is common for the zone of cultivation of cabbage varieties. Trial establishment and field tests were carried out in accordance with the VIR methodological guidelines; statistical data processing according to B.A.Dospekhov. Varieties and hybrids of cauliflower with a chemical composition high content: protein, sum of sugars, monosaccharides, saccharose, malic acid and soluble solids content were isolated. From the studied varieties and hybrids of cauliflower were identified plants according to a complex of economically valuable traits and productivity. These are the samples Divita F1 – 3.48 kg / m2, Minamonte F1 – 3.27, Gregor – 3.21, Casper F1 – 2.94, Lukra – 2.94, Décora F1 – 2.73, Pindus – 2, 70, Frebo F1 – 2.49 (Netherlands) and Aristo – 2.88 (Sweden), Ariel – 2.13 kg / m2.

scholarly journals Not Your Grandma's Goobers: Designing the Future of Peanut Breeding

2019 ◽  
Vol 46 (1A) ◽  
pp. 91-98 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kelly D. Chamberlin
Keyword(s):  
Weed Management ◽  
Production Efficiency ◽  
Agricultural Practices ◽  
Oleic Acid Content ◽  
Early Maturity ◽  
High Oleic ◽  
Germplasm Collections ◽  
Cultivated Peanut ◽  
Peanut Production ◽  
Molecular Marker Development

ABSTRACT The peanut producer has realized a 130% increase in yield since 1969, with production averaging 4,563 kgha−1 nationwide for the US in 2017. Advances in agricultural engineering, agricultural practices, and chemicals for pests, diseases and weed management have all contributed to increased peanut production efficiency and profitability. Perhaps greatest contribution to sustainable peanut production has been made by area-targeted peanut breeding programs. Charged with hitting the moving target of a 'perfect peanut cultivar', peanut breeders have managed to deliver to their customers by focusing on developing cultivars with traits of high importance such as disease resistance, high oleic acid content, early maturity, and drought tolerance, while advancing essential traits such as yield and grade. Conventional peanut breeding has provided a continuous supply of improved cultivars over the last 50 years. However, this success may be difficult to exceed if only conventional technologies continue to be used. Fortunately, recent advances in molecular technologies have resulted in the sequencing of both the ancestral and cultivated peanut genomes, opening the door for the mapping of traits and molecular marker development. By extensively phenotyping populations designed for trait mapping, steps can now be taken over the next decade to develop trait-specific markers for use in rapidly mining vast germplasm collections, efficiently identifying useful breeding material, pyramiding traits into cultivars and drastically reducing time and resources required for cultivar development. Future generations of peanut breeders will undoubtedly be well-trained in the use of such markers and will finally have the tools necessary to break through the bottle-neck of the cultivated peanut narrow genetic base. The age of peanut breeding by design may be just around the corner.

scholarly journals Results of the research of onion in the annual culture in the conditions of the Priobskaya zone of the Altai Territory

2021 ◽  
pp. 40-43
Author(s):  
S. V. Zharkova ◽  
E. V. Shishkina
Keyword(s):  
Western Siberia ◽  
Total Yield ◽  
Cultivation Conditions ◽  
Early Maturity ◽  
F1 Hybrid ◽  
Green Mass ◽  
Bulb Onion ◽  
Early Maturing ◽  
Economically Valuable Traits

Relevance. In the Western Siberia conditions bulb onion is grown mainly from onion sets. With this method of cultivation, large costs are spent on growing and storing the onion sets. In this regard, the cultivation of it through the seeds is of particular importance. This problem has not been studied enough in Priobskaya zone of Altai Territory conditions.Materials and methods. In our research, we studied the influence of cultivation conditions on the formation of economically valuable traits of varieties and a hybrid of bulb onion grown by sowing seeds in the ground in Priobskaya zone of Altai Territory. Three varieties were taken as objects of research: Odnoletniy Sibirskiy, Zolotnichok, Odintsovets, and one Candy F1 hybrid.Results. On average, over the years of research on early maturity, the standard Odnoletniy Sibirskiy variety (87-88 days) showed itself to be the most early maturing. Candy F1 hybrid can be used as a source of early green mass. Leaf regrowth was the earliest of all onion samples studied. The largest leaf apparatus in the conditions of Priobskaya zone of Altai Territory is formed by the varieties Odintsovets (4.1 pieces per plant) and Odnoletniy Sibirskiy (3.8 pieces per plant). The maximum bulb mass was formed by the Candy F1 hybrid (51.5 g). The Candy F1 hybrid also was distinguished by the highest yield in the group of the studied samples. The increase in total yield was 5.1 t/ha, marketable 2.4 t/ha in relation to the standard. The maximum marketability in the experience was in the standard (80.9%).

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