scholarly journals ADAPTIVE ABILITIES OF CHERRY OF TURGENEVKA VARIETY IN THE CONDITIONS OF EXTREME CONTINENTAL CLIMATE OF THE ASTRAKHAN REGION

2021 ◽  
Vol 250 ◽  
pp. 103-108
Author(s):  
E.N Ivanenko ◽  
◽  
A.A. Dronik ◽  

The article presents results of the first stage of the study of the introduced Turgenevka cherry variety on stocks of different growth rates under the conditions of extreme continental climate of the Northern Caspian region to substantiate its use in intensive planting of the arid zone. The aim of our research is to study the economic and biological characteristics and adaptability of Turgenevka variety to the abiotic stress factors of the winter period, which appear on the territory of the Astrakhan region. The study was carried out at the experimental field of the Caspian Agrarian Federal Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences. The records and observations were carried out in 2017-2020, in triple replication. The experiment plot was laid down in 2017. The research material is the introduced Turgenevka cherry variety. As a result of the research, the influence of stocks on periods of the main phenological phases, biometric parameters of trees, productivity, early maturity and quality of cherry fruits was revealed. At the initial stage of plant growth and development, it was found that clonal stocks slightly accelerate the start of growth and flowering of the grafted trees in comparison with the trees on seed stock. Turgenevka variety is characterized by a more restrained tree growth (1.5 m ) on a well-grown seed stock (mahaleb cherry). Mahaleb cherry stock also has a positive effect on early maturity of the variety. The largest fruits, 5.7 g, were formed on VTs-13 stock. The tasting score of the fruit was 4.5 points. A complex assessment of the variety resistance to diseases and pests was carried out. The influence of the stock on chemical fruit composition was not revealed. Turgenevka variety showed good resistance to unfavorable environmental factors.

Author(s):  
N. I. Kashevarov ◽  
R. I. Polyudina ◽  
D. A. Potapov

The Institutions of the Siberian Federal Scientific Center of Agrobiotechnologies of the Russian Academy of Sciences have created 118 cultivars of 32 crops up to 2019. The early maturing winter hardy high yielding cultivars of red clover have been first obtained in Siberia, among them are Meteor, Pamyati Lisitsyna (4x) and Prima (2x) cultivars. Four cultivars of sudan grass Novosibirskaya 84, Lira, Dostyk and Karagandinskaya were created. Three cultivars of soybean such as SibNIIK-315, SibNIIK-9, Gorinskaya and five canola cultivars have been included in the State register. Sibiryachka cultivar of oil radish was created first in Siberia.


2020 ◽  
pp. 91-97
Author(s):  
Ju. S. Abilfazova

Various varieties of peach as a culture with an economically profitable and high early maturity have been described; some features of the weather conditions of the Black Sea coast during cultivation is given. The results of many years of physiological research, which have been carried out in the Laboratory of plant physiology and biochemistry of the Federal Research Center «Subtropical Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences» (earlier – VNIITSISK) have been presented. The objects of the research are peach leaves of the varieties of Redhaven (control), Nicholas I (Collins clone), Larisa, Krasnaya Zarya (Redhaven clone), Comanche, Sunbeam, Spring Call (Springold clone), Summerset. It has been found that the amount of water deficit does not exceed 12,1–14,2%, and the water content of the leaf blades ranges on average from 55,2% to 70% in the varieties of Redhaven, Comanche, Summerset, Larisa. As stressful situations intensify (drought, lack of moisture in plants, high air temperature and humidity) in the subtropical zone, the Comanche, Vesennyy Prizyk and Summerset varieties show a decrease in the synthesis of a, b, chlorophyll and in the most resistant varieties of Redhaven, Larisa, Krasnaya Zarya, Sunbeam and Nicholas I show its decrease. A high content of carotenoids is up to 0,52–0,65 units.


Author(s):  
Nataliya I. Nenko ◽  
Irina A. Ilyina ◽  
Galina K. Kiseleva ◽  
Elena K. Yablonskaya

Abstract The cold-tolerance of ‘Kristall’ (Euro-Amur-American origin), ‘Dostoyniy’ and ‘Krasnostop AZOS’ (interspecific hybrids of Euro-American origin) grapevine varieties in the winter conditions of South Russia is characterised by the second (true dormancy) and third (induced dormancy) winter-resistance components. Here we used a complex approach to estimate plant adaptation to abiotic stress factors. We used the gravimetric method for humidity assessment and water content, spectral analysis for detection of the protein level and pigments and capillary electrophoresis to determine the level of carbohydrates, Krebs cycle organic acids, phenolcarbonic, ascorbic acids, and amino acids. The obtained results allow to suggest various mechanisms of adaptation of the studied varieties to the winter period stressors. The water content of shoots, levels of protein, amino acids, proline, sugars and the sum of phenolcarbonic acid and ascorbic acid are the most informative indicators of grape plants frost-resistance in the climate conditions of the Anapa–Taman region.


Author(s):  
A. G. Lagoshina ◽  
E. K. Pchikhachev ◽  
O. G. Belous

The article is dedicated to the search for effective ways to regulate the functional state of tea plants under stress that ensure an increase in yield and its stability in varying climatic conditions, preserving and improving the quality of products (finished tea). The research was carried out during 2019-2020 on the basis of the Adygeya Branch of the Federal Research Centre “The Subtropical Scientific Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences” on tea plants of the Kimyn variety population. It is shown that the winter period can be considered comfortable for the tea culture, while in the summer the plants regularly suffer hydrothermal stress. During the action of stress factors in the period of summer depression, in the pre-winter months (October-November), on variants with foliar treatments with innovative forms of fertilizers, there was a slight increase in bound water, active formation of proline and ascorbic acid in physiologically mature tea leaves. The use of innovative forms of fertilizers is an element of activation of the nonspecific protection mechanism and can become the main element of the technology of cultivation of tea plants.


Intermittent Lighting Improves the Efficiency of Artificial Insemination in Cage Housed Laying Hens Kavtarashvili A.Sh., Kolokolnikova T.N. Federal Scientific Center “All-Russian Research and Technological Poultry Institute” of Russian Academy of Sciences Omsk Agrarian Scientific Center Summary: The effects of different lighting regimes on the oviposition schedule, productive performance, and reproductive efficiency in cage housed laying hens of layer parental flock (Hisex White-R) were studied; the reasonable regime of artificial insemination (AI) under intermittent lighting is proposed. It was found that intermittent lighting regime 1L:4D:4L:1D:4L:10D compared to the constant lighting significantly alters oviposition schedule: under this regime 82.3% of all daily eggs were laid until 9 am (vs. 66.6% in control). This regime and AI at 10 am improved the productive and reproductive performance compared to control (constant lighting 16L:8D and AI at 12 am): mortality by 1.9%, egg production per initial hen by 3.8%, egg weight by 1.1%, percentage of eggs suitable for incubation by 1.9%, egg fertility by 0.9%, hatchability by 2.3%, hatch of chicks by 2.9%, feed conversion ratio (kg of feed per 10 eggs) by 5.3%, the expenses of electric energy for lighting (per 1000 eggs suitable for incubation) by 54.5%. Key words: INTERMITTENT LIGHTING, CAGE HOUSED LAYERS, ARTIFICIAL INSEMINATION (AI), OVIPOSITION SCHEDULE, AI TIMING, PRODUCTIVE PERFORMANCE, REPRODUCTIVE PERFORMANCE


Author(s):  
Amina Kumarovna Karamuldaeva ◽  
Andrey Mikhailovich Tikhomirov

The article studies the possibility to use glycerol as cryoprotectant, instead of dimethylsulfoxide for cryopreservation of sperm of inconnu ( Stenodus leucichthys Gueldenstaedtii, 1772). Investigations were carried out from 2015 to 2016 in the laboratory of the Southern Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, on the basis of the Astrakhan State Technical University. The material collected on the Alexander sturgeon hatcheries (the Astrakhan region) in the spawning period. Native sperm of 6 male inconnu species was used as a control means. The semen quality was determined in terms of moving activity (life time) of sperm after its activation by water. As the cryoprotectant there were used: base solution - 80%, sucrose - 1.71 g/l, mannite - 0.98 g/l, yolk - 10%, dimethylsulfoxide - 10% and base solution - 87%, sucrose - 1.71% g/l, mannite - 0.98 g/l, yolk - 10%, glycerol - 3 variants: 3; 5 and 10%. In order to provide the most complete penetration of cryoprotectants into the cells there were used electrostimulation of cell membranes. Equilibration time was 5 and 15 minutes. Thawing semen was performed in a water bath at a temperature of 38-40°C. For removing protectors from cells there was chosen a saline solution (0.7% NaCl) as isotonic solution. In tests using dimethylsulfoxide life activity of sex cells was 2 times lower than in tests with glycerol: 78 and 186.2 s at the end of equilibration and 52.3 and 128.9 s after thawing. Sperm showed maximum activity under 5% glycerol concentration during equilibration - 15 min. Concentration of 3% was insufficient, concentration of 10% was excessive, as it suppressed activity of sperm. Egg yolk which coagulated together with glycerol, making difficulty for observing, had to be excluded from the composition of cryoprotectant.


Author(s):  
Kurban A Ammaev

The author proves that the library which was opened in 1899 at the Statistics Committee of Dagestan region can be considered the first research library in the region, because it promoted the growth of research potential of the Committee and the development of own methods of conducting the various researches, and also the library was of great assistance to experts and scientists in studying the region. Its stocks formed the basis of Research library of the Dagestan Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences.


2019 ◽  
pp. 55-70
Author(s):  
И.Р. Грибуст

Введение. Лесомелиоративное обустройство территорий малолесных регионов коренным образом преобразует ранее пустынные пространства. Позитивные изменения влажностнотеплового, почвенного, гидрологического режимов, обогащение аборигенной дендрофлоры новыми видами влечет за собой также и трансформацию животного мира, в том числе населения насекомых. Энтомосообщества формируются за счет представителей степной группы, обитателей естественных ценозов, а также группы лесных насекомых, в числе которых виды, являющиеся опасными вредителями и их энтомофаги. Цель работы анализ изменения разнообразия насекомыхэнтомофагов в насаждениях засушливой зоны различных параметров и состояния. Объекты исследований насекомыеэнтомофаги, обитающие в энтомокомплексах защитных насаждениях различного дендрологического состава ФНЦ агроэкологии РАН на территории Волгоградской области (кадастр. 34:34:000000:122 34:08:000000:6). Материалы и методика. Сбор материала проводили в насаждениях различного хозяйственного значения. Объектами исследования являлись полезные насекомые. Отбор проб проводили посредством окашивания крон энтомологическим сачком, визуальным осмотром модельных ветвей и ручным сбором хищников и паразитированных видов филлофагов с последующим выведением имаго в лабораторных условиях. Результаты и обсуждение. В сообществе полезных насекомых защитных лесных насаждений сухостепной зоны зафиксирован 221 вид энтомофагов, относящихся к 7 отрядам и 32 семействам. Различия экологических условий, ассортимент древесных растений в каждой из посадок, характер и интенсивность негативного внешнего влияния определяют особенности фаунистического населения, в т. ч. энтомофагов. Оценка распределения количественного обилия паразитов и хищников показала, что в лесных полосах хищников в среднем в три раза больше паразитических насекомых. Отчетливо прослеживаются вариации изменения разнообразия энтомофагов в насаждениях разного класса жизнеспособности. Конструктивные особенности, флористическая обедненность и сформировавшийся микроклимат существенно ограничивает жизнедеятельность энтомофагов в малорядных (23 ряда) насаждениях, численность которых здесь снижается в среднем в 2,5 раза по сравнению с многорядными посадками. В вертикальном градиенте посадок по мощности накопления биотического потенциала полезных насекомых выделяется травянистый ярус, наличие которого в лесополосе обусловливает увеличение числа особей энтомофагов в сообществе в 1,32,7 раза. Наименьшую роль в накоплении полезной группы насекомых играет наличие развитого подлеска. Заключение. Наличие в насаждениях энтомофильных древесных растений и развитого травостоя важнейшие экологические факторы для накопления биотического потенциала энтомофагов. Максимальный эффект обеспечивает совокупное влияние определяющих экологоструктурных элементов в многорядных посадках. Introduction. Forest reclamation area developmentpoor regions is radically transforms the previously desolate space. Positive changes in moistureheat, soil, hydrological regimes, enrichment of native dendroflora with new species also entails the transformation of the animal world, including the insect population. Entomologiste formed by the representatives of the steppe group of the inhabitants of the natural coenoses, and the group of forest insects, including species that are dangerous pests and their entomophages. The purpose of the analysis of changes in the diversity of insect entomophages in the plantations of the arid zone of different parameters and conditions. The objects of research insectsentomophages living in entomocomplexes protective plantation of different dendrological composition of the Federal scientific center for Agroecology wounds on the territory of the Volgograd region (the cadaster number is 34:34:000000:122 34:08:000000:6). Materials and methods. Collection of material was carried out in plantations of various economic importance. The objects of study were useful insects. Samples were collected by hilling crowns entomological net, by visual inspection of the model branches and handcollection of predators and parasitism species of phyllophagous with subsequent excretion of adults in the laboratory. Results and discussion. 221 species of entomophages belonging to 7 groups and 32 families were recorded in the community of useful insects of protective forest plantations of the dry steppe zone. Differences in environmental conditions, the range of woody plants in each of the plantings, the nature and intensity of the negative external influence determine the characteristics of the faunal population, including entomophages The estimation of distribution of quantitative abundance of parasites and predators showed that in forest bands of predators on average three times more parasitic insects. Variations in the diversity of entomophages in plantings of different classes of viability are clearly observed. Design features, floristic depletion and formed microclimate significantly limits the life activity of entomophages in smallrow (23 rows) plantations, the number of which is reduced by an average of 2.5 times compared to multirow planting. In the vertical gradient of plantings on the power of accumulation of biotic potential of useful insects, a grassy tier is allocated, the presence of which in the forest belt causes an increase in the number of entomophages in the community by 1.32.7 times. The least role in the accumulation of a useful group of insects is played by the presence of developed undergrowth. Conclusion. The presence of entomophilic woody plants and developed herbage in the plantations are the most important environmental factors for the accumulation of the entomophage biotic potential. The maximum effect provides a cumulative effect of determining ecological and structural elements in multirow landings.


2019 ◽  
pp. 105-115
Author(s):  
А.Ш. Хужахметова

Показана актуальность изучения экологической пластичности древесных растений в связи с необходимостью подбора адаптированного видового состава деревьев и кустарников для защитных лесных насаждений в условиях климатических изменений. Установлено, что экологическая пластичность и пределы толерантности растений связаны со свойством организмов адаптироваться к тому или иному диапазону факторов среды. В статье представлен таксономический состав орехоплодных культур коллекций ФНЦ агроэкологии РАН. Это шесть видов рода Juglans: J. regia, J. mandshurica, J. cinerea, J. rupestris, J. ailanthifolia, J. nigra и три вида рода Corylus: С. avellana L., С. аmericana W., сорта С. pontica C. Koch Президент, Футкурами, Черкесский2. Приведены сведения о положительном опыте культивирования Corylus avellana L. в плантационных насаждениях (1,6 га, посадка рядовая, схема размещения 55 м) в условиях южных черноземов. Цель исследований изучить экологическую пластичность орехоплодных кустарников коллекций ФНЦ агроэкологии РАН. На примере родового комплекса Corylus получены материалы по экологической пластичности орехоплодных кустарников в условиях каштановых (кадастр. 34:36:0000:14:0178), светлокаштановых почв (34:34:000000:122 34:34:060061:10). Установлены уровни изменчивости морфологических признаков ассимиляционного аппарата и плодов С. avellana L., сортов С. pontica C. Koch., которые согласуются с зимо и засухоустойчивостью. Кластерный анализ позволил выявить корреляцию признаков при 5 уровне значимости. Для целей защитного лесоразведения и озеленения засушливых районов рекомендованы Corylus avellana и Черкесский2 с выраженной вариабельностью морфологических признаков, которая указывает на их широкую экологическую валентность и адаптационные возможности в рассматриваемых условиях. The urgency of studying the ecological plasticity of woody plants in connection with the need to select an adapted species composition of trees and shrubs for protective forest plantations in the context of climate change is shown. It is established that the ecological plasticity and tolerance range of plants is associated with the ability of organisms to adapt to a particular range of environmental factors. The article presents the taxonomic composition of nut crops in the collections of FSC Agroecology RAS. Six species of Juglans: J. regia, J. mandshurica, J. cinerea, J. rupestris, J. ailanthifolia, J. nigra and three species of the genus Corylus: С. avellana L., С. аmericana W., varieties of C. pontica C. Koch the President, Futkurami, Circassian2. Data on positive experience of cultivation of Corylus avellana L. in plantation plantings (1,6 hectares, landing ordinary, the scheme of placement of 55 m) in the conditions of southern chernozems are given. The purpose of the research is to study the ecological plasticity of nutbearing shrubs of the collections of the Federal scientific center for Agroecology Russian Academy of Sciences. For example, a generic complex Corylus submissions received on the environmental plasticity of nut bushes in the conditions of brown (the cadaster nubmer 34:36:0000:14:0178), light chestnut soils (34:34:000000:122 34:34:060061:10). The levels of variability of morphological features of the assimilation apparatus and fruits of Corylus avellana L., С. pontica C. Koch varieties were established., which are consistent with winter and drought resistance. Cluster analysis revealed the correlation of features at 5 significance level. Corylus avellana and Circassian2 with a pronounced variability of morphological features, which indicates their broad ecological valence and adaptation capabilities in the conditions under consideration, are recommended for the purposes of protective afforestation and greening of dry areas.


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