scholarly journals Regional quality of living in Europe

REGION ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Piet Lagas ◽  
Frank Van Dongen ◽  
Frank Van Rijn ◽  
Hans Visser
Keyword(s):  
Population Density ◽  
Capital City ◽  
Gdp Per Capita ◽  
European Regions ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
The North ◽  
City Regions ◽  
Quality Of Living ◽  
Per Capita

This article sets out the conceptual framework and results of Regional Quality of Living indicators that were developed in order to benchmark European NUTS2 regions. Nine non-business-related indicators are constructed to support the goal of policy makers to improve the attractiveness of regions and cities for people or companies to settle in, and by doing so create economic growth. Each of the constructed indicators represents a pillar of the Quality of Living. The highest indicator scores are found for regions within Switzerland, Sweden, Norway and the Netherlands. Some countries show a wide divergence between regional scores. The southern regions of Italy and Spain, for example, have significantly lower scores than those in the north. In addition, capital city regions have better RQI scores. A positive correlation was found between the average RQI scores and both GDP per capita and weighted population density. Compared to GDP per capita, weighted population density has a modest influence on the RQI score. The European regions are divided into 11 clusters, based upon GDP per capita and weighted population density in order to benchmark a region with its peers.

scholarly journals Associating the Change in New COVID-19 Cases to GDP per Capita in 38 European Countries in the First Wave of the Pandemic

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shahina Pardhan ◽  
Nick Drydakis
Keyword(s):  
Public Expenditure ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Negative Association ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Gdp Per Capita ◽  
Health Determinants ◽  
European Regions ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Per Capita

COVID-19 has affected all countries globally. We explore associations between the change in new COVID-19 registered cases per million population and various macroeconomic and well-being indicators in 38 European countries over a 2-month period (1st April-31st May 2020). A statistically significant (p = 0.002) negative association was estimated between the change in new COVID-19 cases and GDP per capita, after controlling for key health determinants including public expenditure on health, life expectancy, smoking tobacco and sanitation. The country with the highest GDP per capita in Europe (i.e., Luxemburg) was found to experience the lowest change in new COVID-19 cases within the time period whilst the opposite was found for countries with lower GDP per capita (i.e., Ukraine, Bulgaria, and Romania). The outcomes of this study indicate that, in the first wave of the pandemic in Europe, a country's GDP per capita might be associated with a lower rate of new COVID-19 cases. The study concludes by suggesting that in European regions a country's economic performance should be a critical health priority for policy makers.

scholarly journals SARS-COV-2 Vaccines: What Indicators are Associated with the Worldwide Distribution of the First Doses

2021 ◽  
Vol 58 ◽  
pp. 004695802110601
Author(s):  
Marcos Felipe Falcão Sobral ◽  
Brigitte Renata Bezerra de Oliveira ◽  
Ana Iza Gomes da Penha Sobral ◽  
Marcelo Luiz Monteiro Marinho ◽  
Gisleia Benini Duarte ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Population Density ◽  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Human Development ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
The United States ◽  
Gdp Per Capita ◽  
Reproduction Rate ◽  
Worldwide Distribution ◽  
Per Capita

The present study aimed to identify the factors associated with the distribution of the first doses of the COVID-19 vaccine. In this study, we used 9 variables: human development index (HDI), gross domestic product (GDP per capita), Gini index, population density, extreme poverty, life expectancy, COVID cases, COVID deaths, and reproduction rate. The time period was until February 1, 2021. The variable of interest was the sum of the days after the vaccine arrived in the countries. Pearson’s correlation coefficients were calculated, and t-test was performed between the groups that received and did not receive the immunizer, and finally, a stepwise linear regression model was used. 58 (30.4%) of the 191 countries received the SARS-CoV-2 vaccine. The countries that received the most doses were the United States, China, the United Kingdom, and Israel. Vaccine access in days showed a positive Pearson correlation HDI, GDP, life expectancy, COVID-19 cases, deaths, and reproduction rate. Human development level, COVID-19 deaths, GDP per capita, and population density are able to explain almost 50% of the speed of access to immunizers. Countries with higher HDI and per capita income obtained priority access.

scholarly journals Towards a Comprehensive Framework of the Relationships between Resource Footprints, Quality of Life, and Economic Development

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 4734 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefan Cibulka ◽  
Stefan Giljum
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Social Boundaries ◽  
Gdp Per Capita ◽  
Environmental Implications ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Comprehensive Framework ◽  
The Relationship

The relationship between economic affluence, quality of life, and environmental implications of production and consumption activities is a recurring issue in sustainability discussions. A number of studies examined selected relationships, but the general implications for future development options to achieve environmentally and socially sustainable development of countries at different levels of per capita resource footprints, quality of life, and income have not yet been investigated in detail. In this study, we use a global dataset with 173 countries to assess the overall relationship between resource footprints, quality of life, and economic development over the period of 1990–2015. We select the material footprint and carbon footprint and contrast them with the Human Development Index, the Happiness Index, and GDP per capita. Regression analyses show that the relationship between various resource footprints and quality of life generally follows a logarithmic path of development, while resource footprints and GDP per capita are linearly connected. From the empirical results, we derive a generalized path of development and cluster countries along this path. Within this comprehensive framework, we discuss options to change the path to respect planetary and social boundaries through a combination of resource efficiency increases, substitution of industries and sufficiency of consumption. We conclude that decoupling and green growth will not realize sustainable development if planetary boundaries have already been transgressed.

Contribution of the New Post-Industrial Orders in the Per Capita GDP of the European Regions of Russia

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (6) ◽  
pp. 4-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Басовский ◽  
Leonid Basovskiy
Keyword(s):  
Federal District ◽  
European Regions ◽  
Wide Spread ◽  
North Caucasus ◽  
Per Capita Gdp ◽  
Central Federal District ◽  
The North ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Post Industrial ◽  
Regions Of Russia

Based on econometric models with the use of Rosstat A. Madison’s data it was found. The spread of new — post-industrial technological structures of the European economy of Russia is uneven. The contribution of new orders in the per capita GRP in the Central Federal District reached 457,581.7 rubles in 2014 and amounted to 62.7% of per capita GRP. The economy of the Central Federal District in the systems of new technological structures used 5-12% of the resources. The contribution of the new orders in the per capita GRP in the Northwestern Federal District in 2014 reached 200 709.6 rubles and amounted to 34.4% of per capita GRP. In the Northwestern Federal District in the systems of new technological ways 4-7% of resources are used. The contribution of the new orders in the per capita GRP in the Southern Federal District has reached 110 661.7 rubles in 2014 and amounted to 28.8% of per capita GRP. In the Southern Federal District in the systems of new technological ways 2-6% of resources are used. In the North Caucasus Federal District the postindustrial technological way are not wide-spread.

scholarly journals A new, simple method of describing the COVID-19 trajectory and dynamics in any country based on Johnson Cumulative Distribution Function fitting.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adam M Cmiel ◽  
Bogdan Cmiel
Keyword(s):  
Population Density ◽  
Distribution Functions ◽  
Cumulative Distribution ◽  
Gdp Per Capita ◽  
Simple Method ◽  
Wave Dynamics ◽  
Infection Dynamics ◽  
Basic Parameters ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Using Data

A simple method is described to study and compare COVID-19 infection dynamics between countries, based on curve fitting to publicly shared data of confirmed COVID-19 infections in them. The method was tested using data from 80 countries in 6 regions. We found that Johnson Cumulative Distribution Functions (CDF) were extremely well fitted to the data (R2>0.99) and that Johnson CDFs were much better fitted to the data at their tails than either the commonly used Normal or Lognormal CDFs. Fitted Johnson CDFs can be used to obtain basic parameters of the infection wave, such as the percentage of the population infected during an infection wave, the days of the start, peak and end of the infection wave, as well as the durations of the infection wave of the wave's increase and decrease. These parameters can be easily interpreted biologically and used both for describing the infection wave dynamics and in further statistical analysis. The usefulness of the parameters obtained was analysed with respect to the relation between the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) per capita and the population density, and the percentage of the population infected during an infection wave, the starting day and the duration of the infection wave in the 80 countries. We found that all the above parameters were significantly dependent on the GDP per capita, but only the percentage of the population infected was significantly dependent on the population density in these countries. If used with caution, this method has a limited ability to predict the future trajectory and parameters of an ongoing infection wave.

scholarly journals Economic growth and under-five malaria mortality in Tanzania mainland: from correlation analysis to causality

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 91 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mwoya Byaro ◽  
Abeli Kinyondo ◽  
Patrick Musonda
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Causal Link ◽  
Gdp Per Capita ◽  
Causality Test ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Correlation Relationship ◽  
Under Five ◽  
Malaria Mortality ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
The Relationship

This paper establishes empirical evidence related with correlation and causality between economic growth (as measured by GDP per capita) and under-five malaria mortality in Tanzania Mainland. The goal is to contribute knowledge on the existing relationship between economic growth and under-five malaria mortality. Correlation and scatter regression analysis plot were employed to find out the relationship among the (GDP per Capita), Insecticides Treated Nets (ITNs) distributed, Human Resources (physicians and nurses) and under-five malaria mortality from the year 2004 to 2015. Moreover, Granger Causality test was applied to test the causal link between the economic growth and under-five malaria Mortality. The economic growth (as measured by GDP per Capita) and number of ITNs distributed under various malaria campaigns have significant unidirectional causality to under-five malaria mortality while there is no causality evidence between human resource for health (physicians and nurses) and under-five malaria mortality despite the observed correlation relationship. Since economic growth and ITNs have unidirectional causal link with under-five malaria mortality, it implies that any changes in GDP per Capita and ITNs will change under-five malaria mortality. The researchers and policy makers need to gather more evidence on ITNs and economic growth to assess the risk of under-five malaria mortality to inform decision making.

scholarly journals Why are We So Good At Football, and They So Bad? Institutions and National Footballing Performance

De Economist ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meshael Batarfi ◽  
James Reade
Keyword(s):  
Production Technology ◽  
Gdp Per Capita ◽  
Public Parks ◽  
The World ◽  
Basic Production ◽  
Per Capita

AbstractThe basic production technology in football is identical for each team that competes. All around the world, a field, goalposts and a ball is all that is required, in addition to players. It’s hard to imagine the quality of informal football in public parks, streets and alleys the world over differs much. Yet at each country’s highest level, there exists vast quality differences in the national football teams across countries. This paper sketches out broad patterns in this variation in performance, and seeks to understand why some countries are very good, whilst others perform poorly. We investigate a range of macroeconomic, demographic and political explanations, alongside more conventional sporting metrics. We also consider the extent to which they explain the observed variation in footballing performance historically. We find that higher level of GDP per capita helps nations to win more often, but that population hinders this. A more developed domestic footballing structure appears to be helpful too.

scholarly journals The Importance of Pedestrianization in Cities- Assessment of Pedestrianized Streets in Nicosia Walled City

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 589-614
Author(s):  
Kozan Uzunoğlu ◽  
Semra Sema Uzunoğlu
Keyword(s):  
Public Transportation ◽  
Capital City ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Social Community ◽  
Community Activities ◽  
The North ◽  
The People ◽  
Pedestrian Traffic ◽  
The City

approach in recent years. One of these cities which is the last divided capital city and one of the most important cultural heritages of the Mediterranean region in  the island of Cyprus is the Nicosia Walled City. Within this study, the existing situation of pedestrianized areas in the Walled City in north Nicosia were examined. In literature review part, the importance of pedestrianization,  reasons and benefits of pedestrianization, examples of pedestrianized areas/streets around the world  are reviewed. The pedestrianized streets/areas in the north Nicosia Walled City were examined on-site, photographed, their current status was revealed and evaluated according to determined criteria. Each street/area was evaluated in terms of functions in the street, mobility, accessibility by car or public transportation, social/community activities, economic development and quality of physical environment. When the old city of Nicosia is analyzed in the context of these criteria, it has been observed that the pedestrianized areas have an increasing social, cultural and economical contribution to the city. In addition to its historical features, the places and activities that attract the people especially young population and tourists, bring life to this region. In terms of environmental aspects, visual incompatibilities were observed even in the streets where pedestrianization studies have been carried out recently. There are also problems about vehicle and pedestrian traffic that affect users. The study was completed by making suggestions at the end of the study. Keywords: pedestrianized streets, pedestrianized squares, Nicosia Walled City, Cyprus

scholarly journals THE IMPACT OF THE INSTITUTIONAL ENVIRONMENT ON THE ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT

Ekonomika ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 87 ◽  
pp. 141-153 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vidmantas Jankauskas ◽  
Janina Šeputienė
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Institutional Environment ◽  
Gdp Per Capita ◽  
Development Institutions ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Openness To Trade ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Economic literature recognizes three “deep determinants” of economic development: institutions, geography and openness to trade. Discussion in the literature focuses on what part of the income per capita variation can be explained by institutions, geography and openness to trade. The empirical results can’t offer a clear answer, but there is a broader agreement in the literature that institutions play a more important role than geography and openness to trade. What is unclear whether the institutions also can explain variation in per capita income across countries, in which institutional environment is to some degree similar..This article aims to explore and quantify the relationship of the income level with institutional environment, geography and openness to trade across countries, grouped according their institutional environment quality.The results reveal that extent to which the variation in GDP per capita can be associated with the quality of institutional environment differs a lot between good and bad institutional environment samples. The results in good institutional environment sample come in line with series of studies in which the strong and positive link between various measures of institutions and economic development was established and support primacy of institutions over openness to trade and geography. I In bad institutional environment sample, on the contrary,no evidence was found that institutions mean a lot in respect of differences in GDP per capita. These results should not be interpreted so as to mean that institutional environment is not important, rather the degree of “badness” makes no difference.

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