scholarly journals DETERMINANT MANAGEMENT OF COMPETITIVE DEVALUATION: THEORETICAL AND PRACTICAL ASPECTS

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (36) ◽  
pp. 281-292
Author(s):  
V. Dergachova ◽  
M. Kravchenko ◽  
O. Vynogradova ◽  
V. Holiuk ◽  
K. Kuznietsova
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Foreign Trade ◽  
Foreign Currency ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Technological Development ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Risk Hedging ◽  
Trading Partners ◽  
Trade Share

The paper is devoted to the study of theoretical and practical aspects of determinant management of competitive devaluation, which are the essence of competitive devaluation, instruments of its implementation, as well as the positive and negative consequences of its impact on the economy of the country, which is implementing it and its trading partners. The authors have found that competitive devaluation is a deliberate devaluation of currency initiated (both officially and informally) by the central bank to reduce the value of exported goods, thereby facilitating domestic production, solving the unemployment problem, and reducing the balance of payments deficit. The article determines that the most significant impact of competitive devaluation takes place in the following sectors of the country’s economy: foreign trade, industrial, agricultural, financial and services. The study has found that the degree of effectiveness of competitive devaluation to stimulate economic growth of a country is determined by the following factors: structure of foreign trade, share of imported raw materials and components in the cost of goods, foreign trade barriers, growth rates of other countries’ economies, elasticity of demand for exported goods, use of fixed commodity contracts and risk hedging instruments, J-curve effect. The authors highlight the positive and negative consequences of competitive devaluation for the country implementing it and its trading partners. Expected positive results for the country which is devaluing its currency is an increase in exports and an increase in domestic demand, which should contribute to higher employment and economic growth. Among the negative effects of competitive devaluation are the following: a decrease of the purchasing power of the population, a rise of prices of imports and a decrease of their volumes, an increase of the inflation rate; more expensive repayment of foreign currency denominated debt; reduction of foreign investments; restriction of scientific and technological development and the outflow of professional labor.

scholarly journals Environment Potential and Adjusting of Gross Domestic Product to the Safe Industrial Development

2018 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. 04001
Author(s):  
Michal Cehlár ◽  
Zou Liang ◽  
Lian Wan ◽  
Khanindra Madauri ◽  
Sergey Krysin
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
Industrial Development ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
High Tech ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Resource Base ◽  
Environmental Goods ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
Social And Economic Development

The importance of the natural resource and environmental factors in the development of the modern economy is becoming more important in the context of energy security and the quality of economic growth. This is also due to the fact that the state’s policy in increasing GDP has been adjusted to a qualitative social-and-economic development. In this regard, the quantitative measurement of the quantity and quality ratio of economic growth is relevant. The rise of the global economy as a whole and its individual territories is due to both a high-tech breakthrough and the development of raw materials industries – oil, gas, coal and metallurgy. Currently, to meet the needs of society in natural resources, environmental goods and services, ever-increasing costs are required for expanded reproduction of the mineral resource base and compensation for negative consequences resulting from the degradation of ecological systems and pollution of the natural environment.

scholarly journals Bio-degradeable Bioplastics sebagai Plastik Ramah Lingkungan. SOIJST Vol. 1 (1):131-153

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kim Poppy Wijayanti
Keyword(s):  
Polylactic Acid ◽  
Human Activities ◽  
Life Style ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Technological Development ◽  
Public Awareness ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Environmental Friendliness ◽  
The Many ◽  
Different Characteristics

Massive uses of conventional plastics have brought negative consequences to the aspects of sustainability and environmental friendliness of human activities, due to the problems concerning the availability of its raw materials and eventual wastes. One of the solutions to face these problems is by producing and using plastics that can degrade and be derived from renewable biomasses which are now known as bio-degradeable bioplastics. At least, there are 4 kinds of plastics that can fulfill the criteria as being bio-degradeable bioplastics, namely starch-based plastic, cellulose-based plastics, PLA (polylactic acid), and PHA (polyhydroxylalkanoates). These four kinds of plastics have different characteristics, applications, strengths, and also weaknesses. In spite of the many challenges in the uses of bio-degradeable bioplastics to replace conventional plastics, newest technological development and the birth of stronger public awareness towards a more sustainable and more environmentaly-friendly life style have given stronger stronger forces to increase the uses and urgency of bio-degradeable bioplastics.

scholarly journals THE OPPORTUNITIES AND BARRIERS OF BICYCLE EXPORT FROM BANGLADESH: A STUDY ON M & U CYCLES LTD, MEGHNA GROUP

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 42-68
Author(s):  
Md. Ali Ahosan Habib ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Migrant Workers ◽  
Foreign Currency ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Economic Recession ◽  
Sustainable Growth ◽  
Infrastructure Development ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
The World ◽  
The Government ◽  
Foreign Exchanges

The cycle industry, M & U Cycles Ltd is a sister concern of Meghna group was established in 1982 in Gazipur, Dhaka. At Present 600 nos. or above worker works in this M & U Cycles industry. In The Last year from this M & U Cycles industry total 1, 30,000 Pcs bicycle assembled/produced and exported to different countries.The Product of Bicycle which exports from Bangladesh has great opportunities to earn foreign exchanges i.e. foreign currency can be used to develop this country. Now a Days, as per we know the total annual turnover of M & U Cycles Ltd only from export 30 million USD per year .Thats why this is great opportunities by exporting bicycle from Bangladesh.While my study for preparing this internship report it seems to me that particular sector (Bicycles) is very much facing the financial problem. The loan interest rate is too high for the sector to accomplish export processing, and also that sector is very much depended on import of raw materials. It seems to me that M & U Cycles Ltd, is always try to get their sustainable growth in the competitive market. In very recent time the government of Bangladesh has taken some significant decision to face the situation of economic recession. The governments takes a package of Tk 25000-30000 crore in order to priorities protection of the export oriented industries, agricultural growth, employment generation and social security to offset the negative effects of the global economic crisis. They also recommended creation of an export stabilization fund, retention and skill development for returning migrant workers, infrastructure development and simplification and streamliner of rules and procedures to help entrepreneur. According to IMF gradation, Bangladesh ranked as the 48th largest economy in the world in 2008. The economy has grown at the rate of 6.7%. The Bicycles industry sector must be played a very significant role there. In spite of economical recession of the world as well as in the country, M & U Cycles Ltd is one of the participators of earning foreign currency in Bangladesh. In the package are also measures like adoption of effective steps to provide necessary scope and facilities to workers and employees to perform social responsibility by management to fulfill compliance with standards set by the foreign buyers, reducing import dependence through ensuring supply of quality local raw materials in production of Bicycle exports.

scholarly journals Crisis Management and Early Warning Systems in Enterprises

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 387-437
Author(s):  
Emre NALÇACIGİL ◽  
Ahmet Fatih ÖZYILMAZ
Keyword(s):  
Crisis Management ◽  
Early Warning ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Early Warning Systems ◽  
Warning Systems ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Good Test ◽  
Strategic Goals ◽  
Internal And External Factors

The crisis indicates negativity. This negativity can occur at different degrees and levels. For enterprises, the crisis includes every situation that can reduce the profitability of businesses and even threaten the existence of the business. Accordingly, conflicts within the enterprise, separation of the personnel from the enterprise, not finding new personnel, not finding raw materials, market losses, problems with suppliers or distributors, and most importantly, the political or economic problems that the country or the world may experience, and their negative effects on the business as crisis. It can be considered. Crises are time of danger, but they are also moments that can be turned into opportunities. Organizations can benefit from the crisis when they are ready for the crisis and implement the strategic goals they have developed rapidly. As a result, the crisis can be defined as the process during which organizations and administrations pass a good test. The purpose of this study is to define the concept of crisis, to reveal the crisis management issue in businesses, to evaluate the theories on this subject and to examine the situation in practice with a field study on the subject. The best way to deal with crises is to take precautions to ensure that crises never arise. In this regard, the concept of crisis has been defined in the first part of the study and detailed information about the crisis has been given. In this section, the internal and external factors of the crisis, the stages of its formation, possible positive and negative consequences are discussed in detail. In the second part, crisis management and how it is more effective and easier to get out of the crisis, the crisis management process, types and approaches are extensively studied. In the last section, Crisis exit strategies and early warning systems are evaluated.

The Negative Effects of COVID-19 on the Sustainable Development Goals, Economic Growth, Foreign Trade, and Social Life

2022 ◽  
pp. 105-155
Author(s):  
Özlem Özsoy ◽  
Metin Gürler
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Health System ◽  
Foreign Trade ◽  
Social Life ◽  
System Capacity ◽  
Decent Work ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
Global Partnership ◽  
The Status

COVID-19 affected the health system, education system, production system, foreign trade, social life, and the status quo negatively, and the new normal era will change many attitudes and habits. The pandemic caused the failure of the health system capacity and negatively affected the decent work and economic growth and the fight with the poverty. The pandemic is not a single country's problem anymore; it is a global problem against humanity and human development, which needs a global partnership. As of the end of April 2021, the number of COVID-19-related cases exceeded 150 million, while the number of deaths reached nearly 3.2 million. The vaccination started in December, and more than one billion vaccine doses have been administered all over the world. Whether the vaccine can be accessed by every country will remain another question. This study aims to investigate the negative effects of COVID-19 on SDGs and to analyse the struggle of a rising social nation.

scholarly journals THE ECONOMIC CRISIS AS A PREREQUISITE FOR REGIONAL SHIFTS IN THE ECONOMY OF JAPAN

2017 ◽  
pp. 127-133
Author(s):  
P. Makarenko
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Financial Crisis ◽  
Economic Crisis ◽  
Global Financial Crisis ◽  
Small And Medium Enterprises ◽  
Technological Development ◽  
Real Estate Market ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Industrial Growth ◽  
The Government

In article analyzed the signs and consequences of the economic crisis in Japan, revealed a system of anti-crisis government measures to stimulate economic growth, the stock market and real estate market, public policy and social programs. Successful anti-crisis measures and the negative effects of regulatory policy in the fall of domestic and foreign markets were considered. We were analyzed three major economic crises: the post-war crisis, the crisis of the 90s, the 2008 financial crisis. The economic crisis of the early 90s had a very specific background; analysis and reflection of them are allowed to reduce the crisis of 2008. The first crisis was caused mainly by internal economic factors, and the second – the global financial crisis. Pre-crisis economic had certain market conditions. During export economy Japan generated industrial growth, increase a foreign production, results of direct investment. Japanese companies had pursued a policy of active promotion in Asian markets. Over the years 2002-2007 decline the consumer demand, and in 2008 there were the first signs of recession. Textile and chemical industry, general engineering, ferrous metallurgy, information and communication electronic equipment had reduced production and profits. After analyzing the current situation in the world markets, the Japanese government approved the “Complex strategic measures to overcome the crisis.” The government executed the following major steps: 1. Increase local and regional regulation; 2. Reduction of taxes; 3. Exchange and stock markets regulation; 4. Reduce military spending; 5. The increase in exports, business building in regional market centers; 6. Promote small and medium enterprises (SMEs); 7. Formation of innovative markets; 8. Development of logistics infrastructure; 9. Reduce energy dependence, changing sources of energy; 10. The reform of social policy; 11. The reform of regional policy and investment; 12. The development of tourism projects. The experience of Japan can be adapted a series of reforms: decentralization, solving demographic problems, increasing regional and international business, scientific and technological development, investment in infrastructure and trade logistics, tourism development. Successfully reforms and strategic location was allowed Japan to survive the economic crisis and achieve economic growth.

scholarly journals State regulation of Ukraine's foreign trade in a global pandemic

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (9) ◽  
pp. 86-97
Author(s):  
Olena Honcharenko ◽  
Olha Diachenko ◽  
Nataliia Bykova-Fedorchuk
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Trade ◽  
Trade Policy ◽  
World Economy ◽  
Economic Incentives ◽  
State Regulation ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Trade Restrictions ◽  
The World ◽  
The Government

The COVID-19 pandemic has caused problems in all sectors of the world economy. There is no doubt that the pandemic will have far-reaching negative consequences for the world economy, including Ukraine. It is established that in January-September 2020, exports of Ukrainian goods decreased by almost 6%, imports – by 19%. Exports maintained large harvests of grain and oilseeds. Monitoring of changes in trade policy in the context of the spread of COVID-19 allowed to identify groups of countries that have introduced restrictive measures in trade policy: in 24 countries no export-import restrictions were introduced, in 19 countries indirect measures were implemented to protect the economy. To offset the negative effects on business, governments are developing aid packages to support it. These are mainly the following instruments: loans at reduced rates, the grace period for the payment of tax liabilities, cash grants. It was established that only some developing countries impose temporary foreign trade restrictions to avoid shortages in the domestic market. Most countries use other economic incentives to mitigate the effects of a pandemic. Ukraine is implementing economic measures and temporary trade restrictions to counter the pandemic. In particular, the Government of Ukraine introduced temporary restrictions on exports with the establishment of a zero quota for alcohol, buckwheat and anti-epidemic goods. The alcohol export ban not only did not worsen the situation on Ukraine's foreign markets, but also marked almost triple their extension. The embargo on buckwheat and grain exports from Ukraine has tripled imports. Despite the embargo on exports of anti-epidemic goods, trade did not stop, but even increased significantly for some commodity subheadings. The results of the study allowed to identify measures to mitigate the effects of the pandemic in trade and economic cooperation of Ukraine on the international arena.

Russia in international ratings and the impact of coronavirus on its economy

2020 ◽  
pp. 76-85
Author(s):  
V. Rakhaeva ◽  
V. Mizyureva
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Technological Development ◽  
Government Support ◽  
Russian Economy ◽  
Force Majeure ◽  
Systemic Problems ◽  
The Stability ◽  
The Impact

In the spring of 2020, the Russian economy, like the economies of many countries of the world, underwent a serious test. The losses and consequences of this test are largely determined by the stability of the economy, the stability of institutions, the presence or absence of systemic problems. In this article, the authors focus on the main problems of the Russian economy and how they are aggravated by the pandemic. Different models of government support for the economy are used in different countries with different levels of economic development, social and economic priorities. The most important task of the state in Russia in the short term is to implement measures aimed at combating the collapsed problems in connection with the pandemic: competent support for the financial and real sectors, the population and the social sphere. In the long term, in order to ensure economic growth, it is necessary to focus on solving the following identified problems: the raw materials dependence of the Russian economy, the low quality of economic growth, the decline in real incomes of the population, the uneven level of technological development of industries and regions, and the lack of macroeconomic stability. The presence of these problems made the Russian economy even more vulnerable to the negative impact of force majeure and increased the relevance of their solution.

scholarly journals Impact of Remittance on Economic Growth in Bangladesh

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sabiha Binta Hasan ◽  
Roksana Akhter ◽  
Al Amin Al Abbasi ◽  
Subrata Saha
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Foreign Aid ◽  
Foreign Currency ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
National Income ◽  
Balance Of Payments ◽  
Foreign Exchange Reserves ◽  
Velocity Of Money ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Day By Day

In Bangladesh, remittance is one of the most important economic variables in recent times as it has an impact on economic growth, helps in balancing balance of payments, increasing foreign exchange reserves, enhancing national savings and increasing velocity of money. For about two decades remittance has been contributing around 35% of export earnings. Moreover, it is greater than foreign aid and thus helps in lessening dependence on foreign aid remittance gets momentum in recent time in Bangladesh and is the second largest sector of foreign currency earnings after the garment; sector. If cost of imported raw materials is deducted from the foreign currency earning of the garments sector thanit becomes the largest sector of foreign currency earnings. Remittance earning ; increasing day by day but at a lower rate than the increase in emigration from Bangladesh due to the increasing share of unskilled or semi-skilled labors than the professionals in international migration. The share of remittance in GNI (Gross National Income) is increasing day by day. Remittance affects almost all the macro-economic indicators of a country positively. Though there are also negative sides of remittance earning e.g. brain drain, its overall contribution to Bangladesh economy is very much effective.  

Development of the agro-industrial complex in Kazakhstan

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (62) ◽  
pp. 37-51
Author(s):  
Abu Mukhammedov ◽  
Jaroslav Kultan ◽  
Nurymbetova Bota
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Trade ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Agricultural Products ◽  
Significant Part ◽  
Industrial Complex ◽  
Trade Turnover ◽  
Trading Partners ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Cis Countries ◽  
Foreign Trade Turnover

The article is devoted to the analysis of foreign trade in agricultural products of the Republic of Kazakhstan. The analysis of indicators of export of agricultural products of the country. In the process of studying the foreign trade turnover of agricultural products of Kazakhstan, identified the main trading partners or importers of agricultural products of the Republic. The analysis of changes in the structure of exports of agricultural products of the Republic to the countries of the Commonwealth of Independent States and the rest of the world. The main agricultural products occupying significant shares in the structure of export of the Republic are determined. For the analysis, a statistical review of the dynamics of foreign trade in agricultural products over the last five years is presented. The analysis of indicators of production of agricultural products, as well as the share of manufactured products for export (Simić, Stankov, 2020).   The study confirmed that the share of agricultural exports in the overall structure of the country's exports is insignificant. A significant part of the exported agricultural products are directed to the CIS countries and neighboring countries. A significant part of the export of agricultural products falls on cereals. The share of this category of goods in the total income from exports of food and agricultural raw materials is 90 percent. Thus, exports and foreign trade in agricultural products in General are a source of growth of the agricultural economy for the country, the external factor is important to take into account when building forecasts of economic growth and modeling the economic policy of the country in the field of agriculture.

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